PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES FOR HUMAN HEALTH Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Innovations in Plant Science for Better Health: From Soil to Fork PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES FOR HUMAN HEALTH Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Edited by Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE P. P. Joy, PhD Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell Crescent 1265 Goldenrod Circle NE Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Palm Bay, Florida 32905 Canada USA USA © 2020 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press, a member of Taylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-766-3 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-42942-532-5 (eBook) All rights reserved. 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Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20190143134 | Canadiana (ebook) 20190143169 | ISBN 9781771887663 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780429425325 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Phytochemicals. | LCSH: Plant metabolites. | LCSH: Bioactive compounds. | LCSH: Functional foods. Classification: LCC QK861 .P63 2019 | DDC 572/.2—dc23 CIP data on file with US Library of C ongress Apple Academic Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Apple Academic Press products, visit our website at www.appleacademicpress.com and the CRC Press website at www.crcpress.com INNOVATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCE FOR BETTER HEALTH: FROM SOIL TO FORK BOOK SERIES Series Editor-in-Chief: Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD Honorary Fellow at the Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia email: [email protected] The objective of this book series is to offer academia, engineers, technolo- gists, and users from different disciplines information to gain knowledge on the breadth and depth of this multifaceted field. The volumes will explore the fields of phytochemistry, along with its potential and extrac- tion techniques. The volumes will discuss the therapeutic perspectives of biochemical compounds in plants and animal and marine sources in an interdisciplinary manner because the field requires knowledge of many areas, including agricultural, food, and chemical engineering; manu- facturing technology along with applications from diverse fields like chemistry; herbal drug technology; microbiology; animal husbandry; and food science; etc. There is an urgent need to explore and investigate the innovations, current shortcomings, and future challenges in this growing area of research. We welcome chapters on the following specialty areas (but not limited to): • Food and function • Nutritional composition of different foods materials • Functional and nutraceutical perspectives of foods • Extraction of bioactive molecules • Phytomedicinal properties of different plants • Traditional plants used as functional foods • Phytopharmacology of plants used in metabolic disorders vi Innovations in Plant Science for Better Health: From Soil to Fork Book Series • Importance of spices and medicinal and functional foods • Natural products chemistry • Food processing waste/byproducts: management and utilization • Herbals as potential bioavailability enhancer and herbal cosmetics • Phytopharmaceuticals for the delivery of bioactives • Alternative and complementary medicines • Ethnopharmacology and ethnomedicine • Marine phytochemistry • Marine microbial chemistry • Other related includes nuts, seed spices, wild flora, etc. About the Book Series Editor-in-Chief Dr. Hafiz Suleria is an eminent young researcher in the field of food science and nutrition. Currently, he is an Honorary Fellow at the Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia. Before joining the UQ, he worked as a lecturer in the Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan. He also worked as a Research Associate in a PAK-US Joint Project funded by the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, and Department of State, USA, with the collaboration of the University of Massachusetts, USA, and the National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Dr. Suleria’s major research focus is on food science and nutrition, particularly in screening of bioactive molecules from different plant, marine, and animal sources, using various cutting-edge techniques, such as isolation, purification, and characterization. He also did research work on functional foods, nutraceuticals, and alternative medicine. He has published more than 60 peer-reviewed scientific papers in different reputed/impacted journals. He is also in collaboration with more than five universities where he is working as a co-supervisor/special member for PhD and postgraduate students and also involved in joint publications, projects, and grants. BOOKS IN THE SERIES Bioactive Compounds of Medicinal Plants: Properties and Potential for Human Health Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, and Ademola O. Ayeleso, PhD Innovations in Plant Science for Better Health: From Soil to Fork Book Series vii Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health: Attributes, Potential, and Use Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, and Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, MPharm Human Health Benefits of Plant Bioactive Compounds: Potentials and Prospects Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, and Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD Plant Secondary Metabolites for Human Health: Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, P. P. Joy, and Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD Bioactive Compounds from Plant Origins: Extraction, Applications, and Potential Health Benefits Editors: Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD, and Colin Barrow, PhD Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants: Scope, Applications, and Potential Health Claims Editors: Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD, Megh R. Goyal, PhD, and Masood Sadiq Butt, PhD The Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants: Health-Rejuvenating Bioactive Compounds of Native Flora Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD, Ademola Olabode Ayeleso, PhD, T. Jesse Joel, and Sujogya Kumar Panda The Role of Phytoconstitutents in Health Care: Biocompounds in Medicinal Plants Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, PhD, and Ramasamy Harikrishnan, PhD Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health: Phytochemistry, Disease Management, and Novel Applications Editors: Megh R. Goyal, PhD and Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, MPharm ABOUT THE SENIOR EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE Retired Professor in Agricultural and Biomedical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Senior Acquisitions Editor, Biomedical Engineering and Agricultural Science, Apple Academic Press, Inc. Megh R. Goyal, PhD, PE, is a Retired Professor in Agricultural and Biomedical Engineering from the General Engineering Department in the College of Engineering at the University of Puerto Rico–Mayaguez Campus; and Senior Acquisitions Editor and Senior Technical Editor-in-Chief in Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering for Apple Academic Press, Inc. He has worked as a Soil Conservation Inspector and as a Research Assistant at Haryana Agricultural University and Ohio State University. During his professional career of 49 years, Dr. Goyal has received many prestigious awards and honors. He was the first agricultural engineer to receive the professional license in Agricultural Engineering in 1986 from the College of Engineers and Surveyors of Puerto Rico. In 2005, he was proclaimed as “Father of Irrigation Engineering in Puerto Rico for the Twentieth Century” by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), Puerto Rico Section, for his pioneering work on micro irrigation, evapotranspiration, agroclimatology, and soil and water engineering. The Water Technology Centre of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in Coimbatore, India, recognized Dr. Goyal as one of the experts “who rendered meritorious service for the development of micro irrigation sector in India” by bestowing the Award of Outstanding Contribution in Micro Irrigation. This award was presented to Dr. Goyal during the inaugural session of the National Congress on “New Challenges and Advances in Sustainable Micro Irrigation” on March 1, 2017, held at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Dr. Goyal received the Netafim