PLANT PHYSIOLOGY IN ADDRESSING GREEN ECONOMY

241 Pages·2013·12.88 MB·English

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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY IN ADDRESSING GREEN ECONOMY

Normaniza Osman
Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli
Tsan Fui Ying
Roohaida Othman
Phebe Ding
Zamri Ishak
Mahmud Tg. Muda Mohamed
Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab

23rd Malaysian Society of Plant Physiology Conference (MSPPC 2012)

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TRANSACTIONSOFTHEMALAYSIANSOCIETYOFPLANTPHYSIOLOGYVOL.21
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY IN ADDRESSING GREEN ECONOMY
23rd MalaysianSocietyofPlant PhysiologyConference (MSPPC 2012)
heldat BayviewHotel, Langkawi,Kedah, Malaysia. 18-20Disember2012
NormanizaOsman
AhmadNazarudinMohd Roseli
TsanFui Ying
RoohaidaOthman
PhebeDing
Zamri Ishak
MahmudTg.MudaMohamed
Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab
Organized by
MalaysianSocietyofPlant Physiology
MSPPis aprofessional scientificbodydedicatedtowards promotingresearchand
development intropical plant biology
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CONTENTS
TableofContents Page
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CHAPTER1 PLANTGROWTH,DEVELOPMENTANDPRODUCTION 1
1. PaddyTillerStrengthinRelationstoNitrogenRateandSoilNutrition 2
Analysis:ACaseStudyatKg.Gelam,MADA
Fauzi,J.andRodzi,S.
2. Correlating the Absorption and Reflection Spectrum of Chlorophyll, 7
CarotenoidandAnthocyaninPigmentsUsingGreenDevices
NorIzzati,H.andRosly,A.R.
3. Response of Different Media Ratio on Growth and Biomass 12
Production of Andrographis paniculata (Hempedu Bumi) Grown
underSoillessCultureSystem
Noorhanin,D.,PuteriEdaroyati,M.W.andSitiAishah,H
4. RegulatingPlantOrganGrowth:TheenigmaticRoleofExpansins 19
Goh,H.H.andFleming,A.J.
5. Effect of Empty Fruit Bunch and Rice Husk Biochar on Sweet Corn 22
(ZeamaysL.)Growth
AbuSari,N.,Ishak,C.F.andAbuBakar,R.
6. The Root Physiological and Hydrological Enhancement for Green 25
SlopeBioengineeringApproach
Saifuddin,M.andNormaniza,O.
7. Profiling of Flavonoid Compounds and Alteration of Their 31
Production and Antioxidant Activity During the Growth Period in
YoungGinger(ZingiberofficinaleRoscoe)
Ghasemzadeh,A.andJaafar,H.Z.E.
8. ProductivityofGrass-legumeMixturesunderDifferentShadeLevels 35
Baba,M.,Halim,R.A.,Alimon,A.R.andIdris,A.B.
9. Nutritional Content of Ridged Gourd (Luffa acutangula) Using 39
DifferentTypesofManure
NurAisyah,I.,Shampazuraini,S.andHalim,R.A.
10. Domestication of Aquilaria (Karas) Tree Species for Agarwood and 42
OilProduction:ReapingtheWealth
Lok,E.H.andAhmad,Z.Y.
CHAPTER2 BESTPRACTICESANDCURRENTTECHNIQUES 45
11. Enhancing Quality of Export Grade Carambola by Methyl Jasmonate 46
InducedStress
MaysounA.M.,Seymour,G.,Tucker,G.andAsgarA.
12. Effects of Sucrose on the Quality of Dendrobium Sonia red Flowers 50
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StoredatAmbientTemperature
NurAznirah,M.Y.,Maziah,M.,Mahmud,T.M.M.
13. Oxidative Stress Response of Colletotrichum capsici Induced by 54
PostharvestTreatmentwithOzone
NurulAlyaa,A.andAsgar,A
14. Effect of Modified Packaging on Postharvest Quality of ‘Frangi’ 59
Papaya
Ding,P.andMuhammad,Z.A.L.
15. Determining Harvesting Maturity of Frangi Papaya Using Non- 62
destructiveMethod
Ding,P.
16. Effect of Pre-harvest Application of Calcium on Physicochemical 65
CharacteristicsofPapaya(CaricapapayaL.cv.EksotikaII)
Madani,B.,Mahmud,T.M.M.,Awang,Y.andKadir,J.
17. Effectiveness of Selected Mulches Improving Postharvest Quality of 68
Field-CultivatedLeafLettuce
Ketaren, B.K., Ahmad, S.H., Juraimi A.S., Rosenani, A.B., Tajidin
N.E.andMunirah,M.
18. Effect of Thermal Processing on Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant 72
Activity and Microbial Properties of Chokanan Mango (Mangifera
indicaL.)Juice
Vicknesha,S.andChandran,S.
19. Submicron Dispersios of Chitosan A Green Technology: Against 78
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through Scanning Electron
Microscopy(SEM)
Noosheen,Z.,Asgar,A.,Manickam,S. andMaysoun,A.M.
20. Applicaion of Propolis as A Green Technology For Maintaining the 82
QualityofBellPepper
Maysoun,A.M.,NurulAlyaa,A.,Yee,Z.W.andAsgar,A.
CHAPTER3 ECOPHYSIOLOGYANDSTRESSBIOLOGY 87
21. Relationship of Chlorophyll and Flavonoids Content in Labisia 88
pumilaBenth.underNitrogenandPotassiumFertilization
Chong,P.L.,Jaafar,H.Z.E.andIbrahim,M.H.
22. Combining Ability for Physiological Traits in Wheat under Drought 94
Stress
Mohammad Reza, N. R., Mihdzar, A. K., Mohd Rafii,Y. and Hawa,
Z.E.J.
23. Seed Quality of Christmas Palm (Veitchia merrillii) as Affected by 97
Desiccation
Najib,O.G.,MohdShaib,J.andSinniah,U.R.
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24. PhysiologicalAdaptationofJatrophacurcastoWaterDeficit 102
Sulok, K.M.T., Mohideen, J.S., Othman, Y., Zainudin, S.R., and
Mustafa,K.
CHAPTER4 DEVELOPMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ASSIMILATION 109
PRODUCTION
25. Performance of Lowland Cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae var. 110
botrytis) GrownUsingFertigationin Soilless and Soil-based Systems
underProtectiveStructure
Illias,M.K.
26. Effect of Different Media Use on Rooting and Growth of Eksotika II 114
PapayaCuttings(CaricapapayaL.)
MuhamadHafiz,M.H.,Hartinee,A.,AbKahar,S.andZabedah,M.
27. InVitroGerminationofOilPalmSyntheticSeeds 118
Tarmizi,A.H.and Zaiton,R.
28. Tropical Plants as Attractions: Potentials for Tourism and 121
EnvironmentalEducation
Noor Azlin, Y., Ahmad Nazarudin, M.R., Azyyati, A.K., Naimah, C.L.
andAzahari,M.Y.
29. TheEffectofPlantDensityontheErosionRateofSlopeSoil 125
Aimee,H.andNormaniza,O.
30. The Limiting Factor for Commercial Vase Life of Cut Acacia 129
holosericeaFoliageStembyDyeTrackingMethod
CheHusin,N.M.,Joyce,D.C.andIrving,D.E.
CHAPTER5 POSTHARVESTTECHNOLOGYANDQUALITYCONTROL 134
31. Development of a Non-Radioactive Screening Protocol of Various 135
GeneticBackgroundofOilPalm
AinulMardziah,M.,Rahimah,A.R.,Ting,N.C.andRajinder,S.
32. InVitroMicropropagationofTemuHitam 139
Alizah,Z.,Nurulaishah,Y.,Adilah,A.andMohdHafiz,F.H.
33. Nucleotide Sequences Analysis of Coat Protein Gene of Cucumber 142
MosaicVirusfromThreeDifferentPlants
Hazalina, Z., Mohd Afendy, A.T., Suria, M.S., Erna, M.M., Nor
Fazmimi,N.A.andZamri,I.
34. Effects of Coapplication of Red Gypsum and EFB Compost on Zn 146
ContentinSweetCorn(Zeamays.L.)
Nazira,A.,Fauziah,C.I.andZauyah,S.D.
35. Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from Infected Banana 150
SamplesonTZCMediumusing16SrRNAGene-cloningMethod
Wahid, N.S., Bunawan, S.N., Amin, N.M., Hing, J.N., Kadir, M.K.A.
andIshak,Z.
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36. Isolation and Purification of Mitochondria DNA from Oil Palm 155
(ElaeisguineensisJacq.)
NuraziyanA.andOng-Abdullah,M.
37. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Inductionof Polygonum 159
minus
Piriyatasni,S.T.,Normah,M.N.andIsmanizan,I.
38. AntibodyOptimizationfortheDevelopmentofLateralFlowStrip for 163
Cucumber Mosaic Virus Detection Using Surface Plasmon
ResonanceTechnique
Rafidah, A.R., Adlin Azlina, A.K., Lau, H.Y., Hazalina, Z., Suria,
M.S.,Rashid,M.R.andZamri,I.
39. Micropropagation and the Optimization for the Multiplication of 167
TissueCulturedPineapplePlantlets
Teh,C.Y.andMaziah,M.
40. Discovery of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Markers in 172
PapayaforImprovementofEconomicallyTrait
Rabiatul Adawiah, Z.A., Norliza, A.B., Johari, S. and Umi Kalsom,
A.B
41. Development of Arabidopsis thaliana Lines Containing 2-propenyl 176
and3-ButenylGlucosinolatesforBiologicalTesting
Roslinda,S.,Murray,R.G.andJohn,T.R.
42. Degradome Analysis of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Pathway in 181
Polygonumminus
Yeoh, C.C., Loke, K.K., Goh, H.H., Mohd Hussein, Z.A. and
IsmanizanI.
43. Molecular Characterization of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum 186
Schumach.)VarietiesUsingRAPDMarkers
ShampazurainiS.,HalimR.A.andAbdullahN.A.P.
44. InVitroPlantRegenerationviaSomaticEmbryogenesisfromZygotic 191
EmbryoExplantsofRubber(HeveabrasiliensisMuell.Arg).
Mahbubur,M.R.,Norhani,A.,NoorAzmi,S.andMaziah,M.
45. Antimicrobial Screening of the Leaf, Stem and Root Extracts of 195
ThreeVarietiesofLabisiapumilaBenth
Karimi,E.,Jaafar,H.Z.E,Ahmad,S.,Rahmat,AandAbdulAziz,M.
46. In Vitro Propagation, Rooting and Acclimatization of Catharanthus 198
roseus(WhiteVariety)–AGreenEconomyConservation
Bakrudeen Ali A.A., Subha Shanthi, G., Gouthaman, T., Kavitha,
M.S.,Rao,M.V.,RosnaM.T.
47. Functional Characterization of UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase 203
cDNACloneFromEucheumadenticulatum
Chong,H.L.andOthman,R.
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48. Characterization of Protein Biomarker for Detection of Dieback 207
DiseaseinPapaya
Zamri, I., Adlin Azlina, A.K., Mohamad Kamal, A.K., Noriha, M.A.,
Suria, M.S., Erna Mutiara, M., Siti Akhtar, M., Nor Fazmimi, N.A.,
NorAzizah,M.T.andUda,H.
CHAPTER6 PESTANDDISEASEMANAGEMENT 211
49. A Potential of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. (Tongkat Ali) Leaves 212
Extract : A Preliminary Study of Non-Chemical Insecticide Control
onBrassicacampestrissp.parachinensis(GreenMustard)
Julius, K., Khadijah, A., Mandy, M., Normah, A. B. R. and Affendy
H.
50. Detection of S. Enteritidis in Artificially-Contaminated Raw Chicken 215
MeatbyPolymeraseChainReaction
MohdAfendyA.T.,NoorAzlinaM.andRaduS.
51. EvaluationofPrimerSetTargetingInvaGeneofSalmonellasp.byIn 219
SilicoPCRSimulationagainstMajorFoodbornePathogens
MohdAfendy,A.T.,NoorAzlina,M.andRaduS.
52. Production of Polyclonal AntibodyAgainst Pyricularia oryzae Using 223
GerminatingConidiaasanAntigenPreparation
Noor Azlina,M.,Rashid, M.R., Aseha,Y., Norhafniza, A., Faridah, S.
andAllicia,J.
53. Anthracnose-symptoms by Inoculation of Colletotrichum capsici and 227
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Detached Ripen Chilli Fruit:
DifferencesofProteinPatterns
Norhafniza, A., Suhanna, A., Noor Azlina, M., Norhazrati, M., Nor
Azizah,P.andMohamadRoff,M.N
54. Enterobacter spp. Found as the Dominant Bacteria in Infected 231
BananaFarmatSabakBernam
SitiNoraini,B.,NurSabrina,W.,Noriha,M.A.,Hing,J.N.,M.Kamal,
A.K.andZamri,I.
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CHAPTER 1
PLANT GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT
AND PRODUCTION
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Paddy Tiller Strength in Relations to Nitrogen Rate and Soil Nutrient Status: A
Case Study at Kg. Gelam, MADA
Fauzi,J.¹,*andRodzi,S.¹
¹Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), P.O. Box 203, Pejabat Pos Kepala
Batas,13200KepalaBatas,SeberangPeraiUtara,PulauPinang,Malaysia.
*E-mail:[email protected]
Introduction
The state of tiller strength is one of the factors that can prevent lodging phenomena in paddy. Lodging is
permanentdisplacementofcerealstemsfromtheiruprightposition.Therearetwopossiblepointsoffailurein
the paddy plant’s structure, the stem and the root (Nelson, 2001). The elongated stem consists of a series of
jointedhollowinternodes connectedbysolid swollenmeristematic nodes.The stemis strengthenedbylignin,
but may fail due to bending or buckling of the lower stem internodes. Root lodging results from a failure in
root-soilintegritysothatstraight,unbrokenculmsleanorfallfromthecrown(Bakeretal.,1998).
Lodging seemed to be a physiological phenomenon rather than a varietal character. It is originated from
structural weakness development in culm tissues and is caused primarily by deeper submergence of plants
during vegetative growth aided by high nitrogen concentration in soil (Basak et al., 2006). Debate is
continuingamongstscientistsandgrowersastowhetherstemlodgingorrootlodgingpredominates.Whatever
theformof lodging,itis generallyagreedthatitis duetoaninteractionoftheplant withthe characteristicsof
the rain, wind and soil (Sterling et al., 2003). Their influence on lodging risk has been shown to be through
their ability to alter crop structure by affecting certain plant characteristics. Understanding of the complex
interaction between husbandry, weather and soil, which can result in lodging, has only recently begun, and
consequentlyguidelinesforreducinglodgingareoftenbasedon perceivedwisdomratherthancomprehension
(Sterlingetal.,2003).
CREST and TRANS-pack (Urea 50kg/ha) production package applying the principle of balanced nutrition to
reduce susceptibilityfor croplodginghas beenproveninMARDI-MADAriceestate project (Suhaimi,2007).
In(MudaAgricultureDevelopmentArea)MADA,lodgingusuallyoccursinwetseasonandthisphenomenon
may be influenced by inappropriate fertilizer application. Excessive nitrogen application may cause lodging
duetoweakerstemhardnessandheavypaniclecondition.
The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between the N fertilization rate and soil nutrient
status on cellulose content the state of paddy tiller strength in Kg. Gelam, MADA, Kedah. Lodging
phenomena in rice are contributed by many factors including environment, weedy rice and pest infestation.
But fertilizer rate in this case Nitrogen also is one of the main factors that can cause lodging. Appropriate
fertilizerrateisveryimportantinordertogetoptimumplantgrowthwithoutcausinglodging.
MaterialsandMethods
ThestudywascarriedoutatKg.Gelam,amodelofpaddyfieldatMADAduetoits reputationachievinghigh
yield veryseason.The soil is KangkungSeries which is first class soil. (Suhaimi, 2007) Four treatments of N
(Urea) fertilizer was used i.e control (T1), 50 kg (CREST-Pack recommendation) (T3), 100 kg (farmer’s
currentpractice)(T3)andlasttreatmentconsisted200kg(T4).Thefertilizertypeisstraightfertilizerwhichis
Urea 46%. In this experiment Complete Randomized Design (CRD) were used with 5 replications on each
treatment.Eachreplicateconsistedof5plants.
Urea as a source of N was applied during 35 day after sowing (DAS) and data were taken at 75 DAS. Plant
height was measured fromthe ground tothe highest shoot tipusing2 mruler.Tiller size was measuredevery
7daysfrom30DASat3to4cmfromthegroundandinfieldwaterdepthlevelwasmaintainat8to9cm.To
measurethechlorophyllcontent,chlorophyllmeter(SPAD502,MinoltaJapan)wasused,anddataweretaken
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at 10 a.m in the morning at flag leaf every 5 days starting from 30 DAS. Texture analyzer machine (TA-HD
Plus) was used to analyze the tiller strength.To analyze the tiller strength, only0.8 cm tiller size was used to
get consistent result and the pressure was applied on internodes. The pressure weight will be set 5kg
constantly for every sample. The pressure will stop once the paddy stem sample break. Once the pressure
panelstops,thebreaknessdatawillbeautomatedsaveinthesoftwarefolderinthecomputer.
ResultsandDiscussion
Figure1. Comparisons on chlorophyll content. Means with the same letter(s) are not significantly different
byLSDP≤0.05
T1=0kgUrea/ha(Control)
T2=50kgUrea/ha(CREST-Pack)
T3=100kgUrea/ha(Farmer’scurrentpractice)
T4=200kgUrea/ha
3