Plant Pathology and Plant Pathogens PDF
Preview Plant Pathology and Plant Pathogens
Plant Pathology and Plant Pathogens JOHN A. LUCAS IACR-LONG ASHTON RESEARCH STATION UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL THIRD EDITION • A '-II Blackwell Publishing PLANT PATHOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOGENS For Adelia Plant Pathology and Plant Pathogens JOHN A. LUCAS IACR-LONG ASHTON RESEARCH STATION UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL THIRD EDITION • A '-II Blackwell Publishing © 1977, 1982,1998byBlackwellScienceLtd aBlackwellPublishingcompany 350MainStreet,Malden,MA02148-5018,USA 108CowleyRoad,OxfordOX4 UF,UK 550SwanstonStreet,CarltonSouth,Melbourne,Victoria3053,Australia Kurfurstendamm57, 10707Berlin,Germany The right ofJohn A. Lucas to be identified as the Author ofthis Work has been assertedinaccordancewiththeUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs,andPatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher. Firstpublished1977byBlackwellScienceLtd Secondedition1982 Thirdedition1998 Reprinted2002 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Lucas,JohnAlexander. PlantpathologyandplantpathogensIJohnA.Lucas.-3rded. p. em. Reved.of:PlantpathologyandplantpathogensIC.H.Dickinson,J.A.Lucas. Includesbibliographicalreferences(p. ). ISBN 978-0-632-03046-0 1.Plantdiseases. 2.Phytopathogenicmicroorganisms-Control. 3.Plant pathogenrelationships. 1.Dickinson,C.H.Plantpathologyandplantpathogens. II.Title. SB731.L84 1998 632'J-DC21 97-48463 CW AcataloguerecordforthistitleisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Forfurtherinformationon BlackwellPublishing,visitourwebsite: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com Contents Preface,vii Acknowledgements,ix Part1:PlantDisease, 1 1 TheDiseasedPlant,5 2 TheMicrobialPathogens,20 3 PathogenStructureandFunction, 30 4 DiseaseAssessmentandForecasting,54 5 PlantDiseaseEpidemics,72 Part2: Host-Pathogen Interactions, 87 6 EntryandColonizationoftheHost,91 7 ThePhysiologyofPlantDisease, 109 8 MicrobialPathogenicity, 123 9 PlantDefence, 140 10 Host-PathogenSpecificity, 166 Part3: DiseaseManagement, 191 11 DiseaseManagementbyChemicals, 195 12 DiseaseManagement byHostResistance,217 13 Biological ControlofPlantDisease,233 14 An IntegratedApproachto DiseaseManagement,249 Appendix:AnnotatedListofPathogensand theDiseasestheyCause,257 Index,265 v Preface Plant pathology is an applied science concerned pri Royle, Derek Hollomon, Sheila Kendall and Eric marilywithpracticalsolutionstodiseaseproblemsin Hislop kindly provided figures ordata for inclusion. agriculture, horticulture and forestry. The study of MikeBealenotonlycheckedbutalsoredrewmanyof plantdisease,andthedevelopmentofmethodsforits the chemical structures. Philip Brain and Donna control, continue to be vital elements in the drive to Hudson advised on mathematical modelling, and improve crop productivity. Projected world popula Keith Edwards onmolecular markers. Ken Williams tion growth makes this a priority. In recent years, assistedwithprintingphotographs,whileSteveSmith however, experimental analysis of the interactions provided excellent library support. OtherIACRcol betweenplantsandpathogenshas becomefertile ter leaguesatRothamstedorBroomsBarnwhosupplied ritoryfor scientistsinterestedinfundamental aspects information, advice or figures includeJon Antoniw, of plant recognition and response systems, signal Mike Asher, Alan Dewar, Bruce Fitt, Richard Har pathways, andstress physiology. The use ofmolecu rington, Phil Jones, Roger Plumb and Paul Verrier. largenetictechniques has providednew insightsinto Brian Case and Mike Davey at the University of howpathogenscausedisease,andhowplantsdefend Nottingham contributed to the symptom pictures. themselves against attack. In turn this new under Amongthe manyotherscientistsboth intheUKand standing is suggesting novel ways in which plant abroad who have helped me are Willem Broekaert, diseasemightbecontrolled. Tim Carver, Bill Clark, Mike Coffey, Andrew Thisbookisintendedtoprovideanintroductionto Entwistle, Stuart Falk, Robert Goodman, Steve themainelementsofplantpathology,including both Gregory, Martin Hartley, Rosemarie Honnegger, the practical aspects ofdisease identification, assess Richard Howard, Ning Huang, Chris Lamb, ment and control, and fundamental aspects of Morris Levy, John Mansfield, Kurt Mendgen, Tim host-pathogen interaction. The aim is to place the Murray, Rupert Osborn, Nick Read, Adrian Spiers, subjectnotonlyinthecontextofagriculturalscience, Wijnand Swart, Philip Talboys, Bev Walpole and but also in the wider spheres ofecology, population Martin Wolfe. Special thanks must go to Alison biology, cell biology and genetics. The recent impact Daniels for her help with micrographs, and Olu ofmolecularbiologyonthediagnosisandanalysisof Latunde-Dada for lively discussions and providing plantdiseaseisarecurrenttheme. thebackcoverphoto.Finally,averybigthank-youto A large number of people have helped in the pro Ellen Cooke, whose patient support and practical duction ofthis new edition. First I should acknowl help with reading lists, figures and the appendix, as edgethe invaluablehelpofmanyofmycolleaguesat wellascomputertrouble-shooting,wasavital factor IACR-LongAshtonResearchStation,especiallyJohn in bringingtheprojecttoaconclusion. Hargreaves, Paul Bowyer, Richard O'Connell and John Lucas JohnBaileyintheMolecularPathologygroup. David va
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