Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture

917 Pages·2005·14.26 MB·English

by  Michel Luc

Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture
2nd Edition
The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) was established in
1983 under the Lomé Convention between the ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific)
Group of States and the European Union Member States. Since 2000, it has operated
within the framework of the ACP-EC Cotonou Agreement.
CTA’s tasks are to develop and provide services that improve access to information for
agricultural and rural development, and to strengthen the capacity of ACP countries to
produce, acquire, exchange and utilize information in this area. CTA’s programmes are
designed to: provide a wide range of information products and services and enhance
awareness of relevant information sources; promote the integrated use of appropriate
communication channels and intensify contacts and information exchange (particularly
intra-ACP); and develop ACP capacity to generate and manage agricultural information
and to formulate ICM strategies, including those relevant to science and technology.
CTA’s work incorporates new developments in methodologies and cross-cutting issues
such as gender and social capital.
CTA
Postbus 380
6700AJ Wageningen
The Netherlands
Website: www.cta.int
Plant Parasitic Nematodes in
Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture
2nd Edition
Edited by
Michel Luc
IRD, Paris, France
Richard A. Sikora
University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
and
John Bridge
CABI Bioscience, Egham, UK
CABI Publishing
CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International
CABI Publishing CABI Publishing
CAB International 875 Massachusetts Avenue
Wallingford 7th Floor
Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139
UK USA
Tel: [phone] Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.cabi-publishing.org
© CAB International 2005. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically,
by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of
the copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library,
London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture / edited by
Michel Luc, Richard A. Sikora, John Bridge.-- 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-85199-727-9 (alk. paper)
1. Plant nematodes--Tropics. I. Luc, Michel. II. Sikora, Richard A. III.
Bridge, John. IV. Title.
SB998.N4P582 2005
632.6(cid:1)257(cid:1)0913--dc22
2004024550
ISBN 0 85199 727 9
Typeset in 9/11pt Melior by Columns Design Ltd, Reading.
Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles Ltd, King’s Lynn.
Contents
Contributors vii
About the Editors xi
Foreword xv
Preface to 1st Edition xvii
J.N. Sasser
Acknowledgements xix
Dedication xxi
1 Reflections on Nematology in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture 1
Michel Luc, John Bridge and Richard A. Sikora
2 Identification, Morphology and Biology of Plant Parasitic Nematodes 11
David J. Hunt, Michel Luc and Rosa H. Manzanilla-López
(A revision of the chapter by M. Luc, D.J. Hunt and J.E. Machon)
3 Methods for Extraction, Processing and Detection of Plant and Soil Nematodes 53
David J. Hooper, Johannes Hallmann and Sergei Subbotin
(A revision of the chapter by D.J. Hooper)
4 Nematode Parasites of Rice 87
John Bridge, Richard A. Plowright and Deliang Peng
(A revision of the chapter by J. Bridge, M. Luc and R.A. Plowright)
5 Nematode Parasites of Cereals 131
Alex H. McDonald and Julie M. Nicol
(A revision of the chapter by G. Swarup and C. Sosa-Moss)
6 Nematode Parasites of Solanum and Sweet Potatoes 193
Maria L. Scurrah, Björn Niere and John Bridge
(A revision of part of the chapter by P. Jatala and J. Bridge)
7 Nematode Parasites of Tropical Root and Tuber Crops 221
John Bridge, Danny L. Coyne and Charles K. Kwoseh
(A revision of part of the chapter by P. Jatala and J. Bridge)
8 Nematode Parasites of Food Legumes 259
Richard A. Sikora, Nicola Greco and João Flávo Veloso Silva
(A revision of the chapter by R.A. Sikora and N. Greco)
v
vi Contents
9 Nematode Parasites of Vegetables 319
Richard A. Sikora and Emilio Fernández
(A revision of the chapter by C. Netscher and R.A. Sikora)
10 Nematode Parasites of Peanut 393
Don W. Dickson and Dirk De Waele
(A revision of the chapter by N.A. Minton and P. Baujard)
11 Nematode Parasites of Citrus 437
Larry W. Duncan
(A revision of the chapter by L.W. Duncan and E. Cohn)
12 Nematode Parasites of Subtropical and Tropical Fruit Tree Crops 467
Fahiem E. El-Borai and Larry W. Duncan
(A revision of the chapter by E. Cohn and L.W. Duncan)
13 Nematode Parasites of Coconut and other Palms 493
Reginald Griffith, Robin M. Giblin-Davis, P.K. Koshy and V.K. Sosamma
(A revision of the chapter by R. Griffith and P.K. Koshy)
14 Nematode Parasites of Coffee and Cocoa 529
Vicente P. Campos and Luc Villain
(A revision of part of the chapter by V.P. Campos, P. Sivapalan and
N.C. Gnanapragasam)
15 Nematode Parasites of Tea 581
Nalini C. Gnanapragasam and Keerthi M. Mohotti
(A revision of part of the chapter by V.P. Campos, P. Sivapalan and
N.C. Gnanapragasam)
16 Nematode Parasites of Bananas and Plantains 611
Simon R. Gowen, Patrick Quénéhervé and Roger Fogain
(A revision of the chapter by S.R. Gowen and P. Quénéhervé)
17 Nematode Parasites of Sugarcane 645
Patrice Cadet and Vaughan W. Spaull
(A revision of the chapter by V.W. Spaull and P. Cadet)
18 Nematode Parasites of Tobacco 675
Charles S. Johnson, Jennifer Way and Kenneth R. Barker
(A revision of the chapter by J.A. Shepherd and K.R. Barker)
19 Nematode Parasites of Pineapple 709
Brent S. Sipes, Edward P. Caswell-Chen, Jean-Louis Sarah and Walter J. Apt
(A revision of the chapter by E.P. Caswell, J.-L. Sarah and W.J. Apt)
20 Nematode Parasites of Cotton and other Tropical Fibre Crops 733
James L. Starr, R.G. Carneiro and O. Ruano
(A revision of the chapter by J.L. Starr and S.L.J. Page)
21 Nematode Parasites of Spices, Condiments and Medicinal Plants 751
P.K. Koshy, Santhosh J. Eapen and Rakesh Pandey
(A revision of the chapter by P.K. Koshy and J. Bridge)
22 Management Practices: an Overview of Integrated Nematode 793
Management Technologies
Richard A. Sikora, John Bridge and James L. Starr
Appendix A Nematicides 827
Richard A. Sikora and Peter Marczok
(A revision of the appendix by Peter S. Gooch)
Appendix B Plant Parasitic Nematode Genera and Species Cited 831
Michel Luc and David J. Hunt
Index 841
The colour plate section can be found following p. 10
Contributors
Walter J. Apt, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of
Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
Kenneth R. Barker, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC 27695-7616, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
John Bridge, CABI Bioscience, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK; E-mail:
[email protected]
Patrice Cadet, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 213 Rue La Fayette,
75480 Paris, Cedex 10, France. Present address: South African Sugar Association
Experiment Station, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa; E-mail:
[email protected]
Vicente P. Campos, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras,
Caixa Postal 37, 37200-000 Lavras – MG, Brazil; E-mail: nema@ufla.br; dfp@ufla.br;
vpcampos@ufla.br
Rui Gomes Carneiro, IAPAR – Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Rodovia Celso Garcia
Cid, km 375, Caixa Postal 481, 86001-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil; E-mail:
[email protected]
E.P. Caswell-Chen, Department of Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616,
USA; E-mail: [email protected]
Danny L. Coyne, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria,
c\o Lambourn & Co., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, UK;
E-mail: [email protected]
Dirk De Waele, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement,
Kasteelpark Arenberg 13, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; E-mail: dirk.dewaele@agr.
kuleuven.ac.be
Don W. Dickson, Entomology and Nematology Department, Building 970, Natural Area
Drive, PO Box 110620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA;
E-mail: dwd@ufl.edu
Larry W. Duncan, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700
Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; E-mail: [email protected]fl.edu
S.J. Eapen, Division of Crop Protection, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut-
673012, India
vii
viii Contributors
Fahiem E. El-Borai, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, El Zagazig
University, Egypt
Emilio Fernández, Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal, Calle 110 #516, Entre
BY5F Playa Miramar, Havana, Cuba; E-mail: [email protected]
Roger Fogain, CARBAP (Centre Africain de Recherche sur Bananiers et Plantains),
POBox 832, Douala, Cameroon; E-mail: [email protected]
Robin M. Giblin-Davis, Professor and Associate Center Director, Fort Lauderdale
Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, 3205 College Avenue,
Davie, FL 33314, USA; E-mail: giblin@ufl.edu
Nalini C. Gnanapragasam, 78/3 Temple Road, Hatton, Sri Lanka; E-mail:
[email protected]
Simon R. Gowen, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading,
Reading RG6 2AT, UK; E-mail: [email protected]
Nicola Greco, CNR, Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Sezione di Bari, Via G.
Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; E-mail: nemang02@ area.ba.cnr.it
Reginald Griffith, Coconut Research, Ministry of Food Production, Marine Exploitation,
Central Experiment Station, Centeno, Via Arima PO, Trinidad, West Indies; E-mail:
[email protected]
Johannes Hallmann, Federal Biological Research Center for Agriculture and Forestry,
Nematologie, Toppheideweg 88, D-48161 Münster, Germany; E-mail:
[email protected]
David J. Hooper, 23 Lentune Way, Lymington, Hampshire SO41 3PE, UK
David J. Hunt, CABI Bioscience, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK; E-mail:
[email protected]
Charles S. Johnson, Southern Piedmont AREC, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University, 2375 Darvills Road, Blackstone, VA 23824, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
P.K. Koshy, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Regional Station, Krishnapuram-
690533, Kayangulam, Kerala, India; E-mail: [email protected]
Charles K. Kwoseh, Department of Crop Science, University of Science and Technology,
Kumasi, Ghana; E-mail: [email protected]
Michel Luc, Ex Institute de Recherche pour le Dévelopment (IRD), 6 rue Boutard, 92200
Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris, France
Rosa H. Manzanilla-López, Plant Nematode Interactions Unit, Rothamsted Research,
Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK; E-mail: [email protected]
Peter Marczok, Bayer Crop Science, Research Insecticides, Agriculture Centre, D-40789
Monheim, Germany
Alexander H. McDonald, ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom
2520, Republic of South Africa; E-mail: [email protected]
Keerthi M. Mohotti, Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Talawakelle 22100, Sri Lanka;
E-mail: [email protected]
Julie M. Nicol, International Wheat and Maize Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Wheat
Program, PK 39, Emek, 06511 Ankara, Turkey; E-mail: [email protected]
Björn Niere, Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Toppheideweg 88,
D-48161 Münster, Germany
Rakesh Pandey, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP-CSIR),
POCIMAP, Lucknow (U.P.)-226015, India; E-mail: [email protected];
[email protected]; [email protected]
Deliang Peng, Institute of Plant Protection of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Beijing 100094, China; E-mail: [email protected]
Richard A. Plowright, 29 Huntstile, Goathurst, Bridgwater, Somerset TA5 2DQ, UK;
E-mail: [email protected]
Contributors ix
Patrick Quénéhervé, Pôle de Recherche Agronomique de la Martinique (PRAM), Labora-
toire de Nématologie Tropicale, IRD, BP 8006, 97259 Fort-de-France, Martinique;
E-mail: [email protected]
Onaur Ruano, IAPAR – Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km
375, Caixa Postal 481, 86001-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected];
[email protected]
Jean-Louis Sarah, CIRAD/UMR BGPI, TA 41/K, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France;
E-mail: [email protected]
Maria L. Scurrah, Department of Nematology and Entomology, International Potato
Centre, PO Box 5969, Lima, Peru; E-mail: [email protected]
Richard A. Sikora, University of Bonn, Soil Ecosystem Phytopathology and Nematology,
Nussallee 9, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
João Flávo Veloso Silva, Research – Embrapa Soybean, Phytopathology and Nematology,
PO Box 231, 86001-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected]
Brent S. Sipes, University of Hawaii, Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, 3190
Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
V.K. Sosamma, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Regional Station,
Krishnapuram-690533, Kayangulam, Kerala, India; E-mail: [email protected]
Vaughan W. Spaull, South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount
Edgecombe 4300, South Africa; E-mail: [email protected]
James L. Starr, Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University,
College Station, TX 77843-2132, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
Sergei Subbotin, Institute of Parasitology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii
Prospect 33, Moscow 117071, Russia
Luc Villain, CIRAD-CP, Boulevard de la Lironde, TA 800/PS3, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex
5, France; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Jennifer Way, Tobacco Research Board, PO Box 1909, Harare, Zimbabwe; E-mail:
[email protected]
This page intentionally left blank