Plant Nutrition — Molecular Biology and Genetics: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Genetics and Molecular Biology of Plant Nutrition

431 Pages·1999·18.375 MB·English

by  Anthony D. M. Glass, Yair Erner, Tamera Hunt, Herbert J. Kronzucker, Mamoru Okamoto (auth.), G. Gissel-Nielsen, A. Jensen (eds.)

PLANT NUTRITION - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
Plant Nutrition -
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Proceedings of the Sixth International
Symposium on Genetics and Molecular
Biology of Plant Nutrition
Edited by
G. Gissel-Nielsen
Risrj) National Laboratory,
Roskilde, Denmark
and
A. Jensen
Risrj) National Laboratory,
Roskilde, Denmark
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+ BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-5225-4 ISBN 978-94-017-2685-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-2685-6
Printed on acidjree paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
Contents
Preface ix
Introduction xi
Genetical background for plant uptake: Nitrogen
Glass, A.D.M, Y. Erner, T. Hunt, HJ. Kronzucker, M Okamoto, S.
Rawat, S. Silim, J. K. Schjoerring, M Y. Siddiqi, J. J. Vidmar, MY.
Wang, D. Zhuo: Inorganic nitrogen absorption by plant roots:
Physiology and Molecular Biology
Aslam, M, R.L. Travis, D. W. Rains: Effect of methionine sulfoximine on
the induction of nitrate reductase and metabolic nitrate pool size in barley
roots. 17
Bibak, A., S. Stiirup, P.Gundersen, V. Gundersen: Effect ofN-fertilizer
levels and soil pH on uptake of trace elements by plants. 21
Borifil, D.J. U. Kafkafi: Nutrient composition diversity in wild and common
wheat grains. 25
Bottacin, A., A.M Dal Canal, M Malagoli, S, Quaggiotti, G. Ferrari:
Uptake of nitrate, ammonium and sulphate by seedlings of two conifer
species: the deciduous larch and the evergreen Scots pine. 35
Fukuda, A., Y.lshiwatari, K. Abe, M Chino, T. Fujiwara, H Hayashi:
Control of protein content in the rice phloem sap. 39
Karaman, MR., H Giilee, S. Ersahin: Effect of different irrigation
programs with nitrogen fertilizer application on nitrogen use efficiency and
fruit quality in tomato. 47
Karaman, MR., S. Ersahin, H Giilee, MR. Derici: Assessment of
periodical nitrogen use of tomato using a computer program. 53
Lexa, M, J.M Cheeseman: Genetic manipUlation of the location of nitrate
reduction and its effect on plant growth. 59
Oscarson, P.: The strategy of the wheat plant in the production of grains at
reduced nitrogen availability. 65
Sclifoerring J.K., J. Finnemann, S. Husted, M Mattsson, K.H Nielsen, J.N.
Pearson: Regulation of ammonium distribution in plants. 69
v
vi
Vidmar, J.J., D. Zhou, MY. Siddiqi, J.K. Schjoerring, B. Touraine, A.D.M
Glass: Regulation of the expression of two new members of the Bch family
of genes, Bch3 and Bch4, which encode inducible high affinity nitrate
transporters in Hordeum vulgare, with relation to nitrate influx. 83
Genetical background for plant uptake: Phosphorous and potassium
Raghothama, K. G. : Molecular regulation of phosphate acquisition in plants. 95
Dunlop, J., T. Phung: Efflux and influx as factors in the relative abilities of
ryegrass and white clover to compete for phosphate. 105
Gahoonia, T.8., N.E. Nielsen: Genetic variation in phosphorus uptake of
cereal cultivars. 111
Hatzack, F., K.8. Johansen, 8.K. Rasmussen: Low phytic acid mutants and
high phytase crops: two strategies to improve the availability of phosphate. 121
Leggewie, G., L. Willmitzer, J. W. Riesmeier: Identification and
characterisation of two cDNAs encoding Phosphate transporters from
Solanum tuberosum. 125
Santa-Maria, G., F. Rubio, J. Dubcovsky, A. Rodriguez-Navarro: The
HAKI and HAK2 genes of barley encode high-affinity K+ transporters that
are also present in Arabidopsis. 137
w.,
Smith, F. D.H. Cybinski A.L. Rae: Regulation of expression of genes
encoding phosphate transporters in barley roots. 145
Genetical background for plant uptake: Micronutrients
Xiaoe Y., V. Romheld: Physiological and genetic aspects of micronutrient
uptake by higher plants. 151
Arakawa, Y., Y. Masaoka, K. Higo: Effect of iron deficiency on translatable
mRNA populations in root of Medicago sativa (L). 187
Deo, R, G.M Mathur: Zinc status of arid soils, its response and uptake by
wheat. 193
EI-Fouly, MM, E.A.A. Abou El-Nour, MR. Shabana, Z.M Moubarak:
Response of faba bean genotypes to low and high zinc levels. 199
Genc, Y., G.K. McDonald, Z. Rengel, R.D. Graham: Genotypic variation in
the response of barley to zinc deficiency. 205
vii
Horst, WJ., P. Maier: Compartmentation of manganese in the vacuoles and
in the apoplast of leaves in relation to genotypic manganese leaf-tissue
tolerance in Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp. 223
Merry, LJ, R.D. Graham, D.P. Schachtman: Triticum tauschii - a potential
source of genes for the improvement of zinc efficiency in bread wheat. 235
Reddy, KB., V. Rao, C.M Reddy, B.R. Reddy: Tolerance of groundnut
cultivars to manganese toxicity. 245
Thongbai, P., G.J.D. Kirk, D. Senadhira: Rhizosphere acquisition traits for
phenotyping Zn efficient rices (Oryza sativa L.). 253
Welch, R.M, WA. House, S Beebe, Z. Cheng: Enhancing beans (Phaseolus
vulgaris L.) as sources ofbioavailable iron through genetic selection. 261
Yasumori, M, K Noguchi, M Chino, H Hayashi, T. Fijiwara: Isolation and
physiological analysis of a novel Arabidopsis thaliana mutant that requires
a high level of boron. 269
Genetical background for plant uptake: Symbiosis and membrane
Schweiger, P.F, I Jakobsen: The role of mycorrhizas in plant P nutrition:
Fungal uptake kinetics and genotype variation. 277
Smith, FA., S.E. Smith, R.J. Reid: Membranes and nutrition: Opportunities
for integration and progress. 291
Smith, SE., G. Rosewarne, SM Ayling, S Dickson, D.P. Schachtman,
SJ.Barker, FA. Smith: Mycorrhizal involvement in plant mineral nutrition:
a molecular and cell biology perspective. 303
Genetical background for plant uptake: Stress and heavy metals
Schat, H: Plant responses to inadequate and toxic micronutrient
availability: General and nutrient-specific mechanisms. 311
Fowler, KM, c.J. W MacDiarmid, KD. Richards, R.C. Gardner:
Magnesium transport and aluminium tolerance. 327
Hasegawa, H, Y. Okumoto: Genetic variability in cesium resistance in rice
(Oryza sativa L.). 333
Hoffmann, B., G. Galiba: Interaction of nutrient and water deficiency on the
development of rye (Secale cereale L) genotypes. 341
viii
Streeter, T.C, R.D. Graham, A. WH. Lake, Z. Rengel: Potential for breeding
Medicago spp. for zinc efficiency to increase tolerance to Rhizoctonia 349
solani.
Zhang, WH., Z. Rengel: Cytosolic Ca2+ activities in intact wheat root apical 353
cells SUbjected to aluminium toxicity.
Genetical background for plant uptake: Breeding
Forster, B.P., R.P. Ellis, A.C Newton, R. Tuberosa, D. This, A.S. EI-Gamal,
MH. Bahri, MB. Salem: Molecular breeding of barley for droughted low 359
input agricultural conditions.
Chantachume, Y., P. Krudloyma, T. Manupeerapan: Maize breeding for 365
tolerance to low nitrogen and drought stress in Thailand.
Dunlop, J.: The physiology of phosphorus nutrition in plants -can we 371
assemble the components into a practical model?
Ishii, T.: The effectiveness of marker-assisted introgression in backcross 379
breeding for nutrient traits of self-fertilizing crops.
Johansson, E., P. Oscarson, P. Stolt, G. Svensson: Influences of fertiliser 387
level on bread-making quality in Swedish grown wheats.
Kessel, B., H.C Becker: Genetic variation of nitrogen-efficiency in field 391
experiments with oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.).
Maeda, H., T. Ishii, S. !ida, H. Nemoto: New rice varieties to control rice 397
allergen.
Okeno, J.A., S. Schittenhelm: Comparison of old and modem spring barley 401
germplasm under low and high nitrogen fertilisation.
Saberi, H.K., S.J. Barker, R.D. Graham, A.J. Rathjen: The application of
amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) for breeding Mn 409
efficiency in durum wheat (Triticum turgidium L. var. durum)
Schlegel, R .. , A. Ozdemir, 1. Tolay, 1. Cakmak, H. Saberi, M Atanasova: 417
Localisation of genes for zinc and manganese efficiency in wheat and rye.
Seiffert, B., W Ecke, G. Lohaus, M Wallbraun, Z. Zhou, C Moilers: 425
Strategies for the investigation ofN-efficiency in oilseed rape.
Wissuwa, M, N. Ae: Molecular markers associated with phosphorus uptake 433
and internal phosphorus-use efficiency in rice.
441
Preface
The sixth International Symposium on Genetics and Molecular Biology of Plant
Nutriti9n was held in Elsinore, Denmark from August 17-21, 1998 and organised by
RiS0 National Laboratory in the year of its 40th anniversary. The 98 participants
represented 23 countries and 80 scientific contributions with 43 oral and 37 poster
presentations.
The symposium addressed the molecular mechanisms, physiology and genetic regulation
of plant nutrition. The Symposium brought together scientists from a range of different
disciplines to exchange information and ideas on the molecular biology of mineral
nutrition of plants. The symposium emphasised:
• Bridging the gab between molecular biology, applied genetics, plant nutrition and
plant breeding.
• The development of methodologies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of
nutrition of plants
• Quality of plant products.
With sessions on: Nitrogen; Phosphorous; Micronutrients; Symbiosis; Membranes;
Stress; Heavy Metals and Plant Breeding.
In comparison with the previous conferences in this series more emphasis was placed on
use of molecular techniques to clarify physiological mechanisms and processes, gene
expression and regulation, as well as genetic marker assisted analysis. Significant
progress was reported in exploitation of molecular genetic markers and other
biotechnologies in breeding programmes.
I wish to thank the contributors for the high scientific standard of their presentations and
for thorough preparation of their manuscripts. The serious attempts to reach the high
scientific standard and to meet the suggestions by the referees are highly appreciated. I
am grateful to the International Council of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Plant
Nutrition and members of the Organising Committee for their generous support and co
operation, from the planning of the scientific programme to holding the symposium.
Members of the International Council: N. EI Bassam, B. Berkasem, K. G. Briggs, G.
Ferrari, T. Fujiwara, R. R. Duncan, J. Dunlop, R. D. Graham, W. J. Horst, P. G. C.
Kuiper, B. C. Loughman, Y. Masaoka, P. J. Randall, D. W. Rains, V. Romheld, P. N.
Takkar and R. M. Welch.
Members ofthe Organizing Committee: H. Giese, K. Hjortsholrn, P. B. Holm, A. Jensen,
G. Gissel-Nielsen and J. Schj0rring.
The Organising Committee expresses its gratitude to Rise National Laboratory, the
technical staff at The Plant Biology and Biogeochemistry Department and other people
who helped to make the symposium a success. We thank the Danish Veterinary- and
Agricultural Research Council, Norsk Hydro AlS, KEMIRA AlS, ENERO and Rise
National Laboratory for financial support.
ix
Arne Jensen
Introduction
For many years the scientific disciplines Plant Nutrition and Plant Genetics developed
side by side, but with very little interaction. Genetically studies of plants were carried
out at different nutrient levels, and nutrition studies were carried out with different plant
species or cultivars. In both cases differences in the growth of plants were accepted as a
result of intemction between the genetic and the environmental factors. -And that was it.
Very little was achieved concerning improving the plant utilisation of nutrients in the
soil by combining the two disciplines. Among the existing lines of crop plants the best
species or cultivars for utilisation of a particular nutrient were found, and by using
conventional plant breeding methods some improvement was achieved. However, it was
to a great extend like shooting in the dark: Sometimes you had a hit, but you did not
really know why.
An important break came with the development of biotechnological knowledge and
methods. By using DNA-IlUlIker techniques it is possible to identify the complex
interactions and to localise the genes behind the processes and enzymes responsible for
the plant influence on nutrient availability in the soil. This opens up for a much more
specific effort to combine the most effective genes in one plant. For that purpose a
number of methods can be used including modem techniques such as gene tmns
formation and marker assisted selection.
A great deal of the frontier research to day takes place in the cutting edge between the
conventional scientific disciplines. This does not diminish the importance for basic
research in these disciplines. On the contrary. To describe the interface you need to
know exactly what it interfaces. This counts for the actual subjects, too. Therefore,
research in pure plant nutrition as well as in pure plant genetics and plant molecular
biology are prerequisites for the main subject of this proceeding: The intemction
between these disciplines.
This is the background for this series of meetings of which the Elsinore meeting in 1998
was number 6. This is also the reason why the contributions to the proceedings from
these meetings cover the mnge from pure plant nutrition to pure plant genetics.
Gunnar Gissel-Nielsen
Xl