Plant Molecular Biology 2

746 Pages·1991·54.071 MB·English

by  Simon N. Covey, David S. Turner, Rebecca Stratford (auth.), R. G. Herrmann, B. A. Larkins (eds.)

Plant Molecular
Biology 2
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee,
which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.
The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the
NATO Scientific Affairs Division
A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation
B Physics New York and London
C Mathematical and Physical Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers
o Behavioral and Social Sciences Dordrecht, Boston, and London
E Applied Sciences
F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag
G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London,
H Cell Biology Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong, and Barcelona
I Global Environmental Change
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Volume 209-Molecular Basis of Human Cancer
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Volume 210-Woody Plant Biotechnology
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Volume 211-Biophysics of Photo receptors and Photo movements in
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edited by F. Lenci, F. Ghetti, G. Colombetti, D.-P. Hader, and
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Volume 212-Plant Molecular Biology 2
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Volume 213-The Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray Matter: Functional, Anatomical,
and Neurochemical Organization
edited by Antoine Depaulis and Richard Bandler
Series A: Life Sciences
Plant Molecu Iar
Biology 2
Edited by
R. G. Herrmann
Ludwig-Maxi mii ians-Universitat
Munchen, Germany
and
B. A. Larkins
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute
on Plant Molecular Biology,
held May 14-23, 1990,
in Elmau, Bavaria, Germany
Llbrary of Congress Cataloglng-ln-Publlcatlon Data
NATD Advanced Study Institute on Plant Molecular Blology (6th 1990
Schloss Elmau)
Plant molecular biology 2 I edlted by R.G. Herrmann and B. A.
Larkins.
p. cm.
Proceedlngs of the Sixth NATD Advanced Study Institute on Plant
Molecular Blology held May 14-23, 1990, in Elmau, Bavarla, Germany.
Includes bibllographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4613-6454-2 ISBN 978-1-4615-3304-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-14615-3304-7
1. Plant molecular blology--Congresses. 1. Herrmann, R. G.
(Relnhold G.) II. Larklns, B. A. (Brlan A.) III. Tltle.
OK72B.N3B 1990
581. B--dc20 91-26944
CIP
ISBN 978-1-4613-6454-2
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1991
AII rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any torm or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microtilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission trom the Publisher
PREFACE
The VI NATO Advanced Study Institute on Plant Molecular Biology, held in Elmau,
Bavaria, Germany, from 14 to 23 May, 1990, brought together representative scientific
leaders from all over the world to review their lastest results. They presented lectures or
posters, participated in lively discussions, educated students, and exchanged views and
plans for future research in this highly exciting field of science.
The experiments, data and questions were naturally varied, but all of them illustrate
that the modern techniques of molecular biology, complemented by developments in
immunology, genetics, and ultrastructural research, have pervaded nearly every branch of
biology. The presentations show that these approaches have tremendously increased our
potential both for fundamental research, our understanding of life, and by analogy to the
precedents of physics and chemistry, have led and will continue to lead to "engineering
sciences" and implicitly, to new industrial processes.
Some of these applications are a matter of debate in the public domain today and
many feel that the development of industrial gene technology requires the attention of the
whole scientific community. Nevertheless, the implications of this research for the genetic
improvement of agricultural plants are profound. Some of the near term technologies
being developed provide novel approaches for improving the utility of food crops. They
can also result in reduced dependence on the use of pesticides for food production.
Scientists have the knowledge to evaluate these developments and we hope that this ASI
and volume have served, and will continue to serve this purpose as well.
The contributions in this book summarize lectures of invited speakers, as well as
poster presentations. They have not been subjected to any major cutting or editing, in
order to preserve the individual nature of each contribution.
We appreciate greatly the financial support of the following organizations and
institutions: NATO, FEBS, ISPMB, Ministerium fUr Forschung und Technologie der
Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Fonds der
Chemischen Industrie, Bayerisches Staatsministerium fOr Wissenschaft und Kunst,
Schering AG, CIBA-GEIGY, Bundesverband Deutscher Pflanzenzuchter, Monsanto
Agricultural Products, Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Amersham Buchler,
Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht, Pharmacia as well as the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk for an
associated workshop. Without their support this meeting could not have taken place. We
are also indebted to our colleagues in the staff of the Institute of Botany, University
Munchen, for their enthusiastic handling of the logistic and administrative aspects of the
conference.
Reinhold G. Herrmann
Munchen, Germany
Brian Larkins
Tucson, USA
v
CONTENTS
PLANT VIRUSES, SUBVIRAL RNAs and VIROIDS
Contribution of Plant and Virus Genes to Cauliflower Mosaic
Virus Pathogenicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S.N. Covey, D.S. Turner, R. Stratford,
K. Saunders, A. Lucy, S. Riseborough and P. Ray
Bromovirus RNA Replication and Host Specificity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11
P. Ahlquist, R. Allison, W. DeJong, M. Janda,
Ph. Kroner, R. Pacha and P. Traynor
Analysis of Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Host Interactions by
Directed Genome Modification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
J.N. Culver, A.G.C. Lindbeck, P.R. Desjardins
and W.O. Dawson
Cel/-to-Cell Movement of Plant Viruses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35
T. Godefroy-Colburn, C. Erny, F. Schou macher,
A. Berna, M.-J. Gagey and C. Stussi-Garaud
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus: A Bunyavirus Invading the
Plant Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49
R. Kormelink, P. de Haan, D. Peters and R. Goldbach
Origin and Evolution of Defective Interfering RNAs of
Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57
D. A. Knorr and T.J. Morris
Self-Cleavage Activities from Viral Satellite RNAs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
W.L. Gerlach and M.J. Young
Viroid Structures Involved in Protein Binding and Replication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
D. Riesner, J. Harders, R. Hecker, P. Klatt, P. Loss,
N. Lukacs and G. Steger
Analysis of Viroid Pathogenicity by Genome Modification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91
R.W. Hammond and R.A. Owens
NITROGEN FIXATION, NITROGEN METABOLISM
An Extracellular Oligosaccharide Symbiotic Signal Produced
by Rhizobium meliloti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Ph. Roche, P. Lerouge, J.-C. Prome, D.G. Barker,
C. Faucher, F. Maillet, G. Truchet and J. Denarie
vii
Tissue-Specific Expression of Early Nodulin Genes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
C. van de Wiel and T. Bisseling
Internalization of Rhizobium by Plant Cells: Targeting
and Role of Peribacteroid Membrane Nodulins ... 121
0 • • 0 • • 0 • • 0 • • • •
D.P. S. Verma, G.-H. Miao, C.P. Joshi, C.-I. Cheon
and A. Delauney
Regulation of Nodule Specific Genes. . . 131
0 • • 0 0 • • • • 0 • • 0 • • 0 • • 0 • • • 0 • • •
Po Lauridsen, N. Sandal, A. Kuhle, K. Marcker and
J. Stougaard
Regulation of Genes for Enzymes along a Common Nitrogen
Metabolic Pathway. . . . 139
0 • • • • • • • • 0 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
GoM. Coruzzi, J.W. Edwards, E.L. Walker, F.-Y. Tsai
and T. Brears
PHYTOPATHOLOGY
Molecular Basis of Plant Defense Responses to Fungal Infections. . 147
K. Hahlbrock, P. GroB, Ch. Colling and D. Scheel
Plant Genes Involved in Resistance to Viruses . .......................1 53
B. Dumas, E. Jaeck, A. Stintzi, J. Rouster, S. Kauffmann,
P. Geoffroy, M. Kopp, M. Legrand and B. Fritig
Repeated DNA Sequences and the Analysis of Host Specifity
in the Rice Blast Fungus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 167
F.G. Chumley, B. Valent, M.J. Orbach, J.A. Sweigard
L. Farrall and A. Walter
Molecular Genetics of the Tomato Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum . . 179
R.P. Oliver, N.J. Talbot, M.T. McHale and A. Coddington
Transgenic Potato Cultivars Resistant to Potato Virus X . . . . . 183
A. Hoekema, M.J. Huisman, D. Posthumus-Lutke Willink,
E. Jongedijk, P. van den Elzen and B.J.C. Cornelissen
AGROBACTERIUM, TRANSFORMATION
The Agrobacterium Virulence System ..... 193
0 0 • 0 0 •••• 0 0 0 0 ••
P.J.J. Hooykaas, L.S. Melchers, K.W. Rodenburg
and S.C.H. Turk
T-ONA Gene-Functions. . . . . . . 205
0 • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0
C. Koncz, T. Schmulling, A. Spena and J. Schell
Morphogenetic Genes in the T-DNA of Ri Plasmids 211
0 ••• 0 0 •••••• 0 •••••••
P. Costantino, M. Cardarelli, I. Capone, A. De Paolis,
P. Filetici, M. Pomponi and M. Trovato
Transient Expression and Stable Transformation of Maize
Using Microprojectifes. 219
0 • • • • • • • • • 0 • • 0 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
M. Fromm, T. M. Klein, SA GOff. B. Roth
F. Morrish and Ch. Armstrong
Agroinfection as a Tool for the Investigation of Plant-Pathogen
Interactions 225
0 • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • •
N. Grimsley. E. Jarchow, J. Oetiker. M. Schlaeppi and B. Hohn
viii
GENOME ANALYSIS, RFLP
Physical Mapping of the Arabidopsis Genome and its Applications . . . . . . . . . . . 239
B.M. Hauge, J. Giraudat, S. Hanley, I. Hwang, T. Kohchi
and H.M. Goodman
Application of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism to
Maize Breeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .............. 249
M.G. Murray, Y.S. Chyi, J.H. Cramer, S. DeMars,
J. Kirschman, Y. Ma, J. Pitas, J. Romero-Severson,
J. Shoemaker, D.P. West and D. Zaitlin
Soybean Genome Analysis: DNA Polymorph isms are Identified
by Oligonucleotide Primers of Arbitrary Sequence. . . . . .. 263
S.V. Tingey, J.A. Rafalski, J.G.K. Williams and S. Sebastian
Genome Analysis in Brassica Using RFLPs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
T.C. Osborn, K.M. Song, W.C. Kennard, M.K. Slocum
S. Figdore, J. Suzuki and P.H. Williams
Physical Mapping of DNA Sequences on Plant Chromosomes
by Light Microscopy and High Resolution Scanning
Electron Microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
H. Lehfer, G. Wanner and R.G. Herrmann
TRANSPOSONS
Structure and Function of the Maize Transposable Element
Activator (AC) ...................................... 285
R. Kunze, G. Coupland, H. FuBwinkel, S. Feldmar,
U. Courage, S. Schein, H.-A. Becker, S. Chatterjee,
M.-G. Li and P. Starlinger
Expression and Regulation of the Maize Spm Transposable Element. .299
N.V. Fedoroff, P. Masson and J.A. Banks
The En/Spm Transposable Element of Zea mays. . . , . . . .309
M. Frey, A. MenBen, S. Grant, S. LOtticke, J. Reinecke,
S. Trentmann, G. Cardon, H. Saedler and A. Gierl
The Mechanism and Control ofTam3 Transposition. . . . . . .......... 317
R. Burton, C. Lister, S. Schofield, J. Jones and C. Martin
Characterization of Mobile Endogenous Copia-Like Transposable
Elements in the Genome of Solanaceae. . . . . . . . . . .. .......... 333
M.-A. Grandbastien, A. Spielmann, S. Pouteau, E. Huttner,
M. Longuet, K. Kunert, C. Meyer, P. Rouze and M. Caboche
MITOCHONDRIA, CHLOROPLASTS, PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Organization and Evolution of the Maize Mitochondrial Genome. . .... 345
C.M.-R. Fauron, M. Havlik, M. Casper
RNA Editing in Wheat Mitochondria: A New Mechanism for the
Modulation of Gene Expression. . . . . . . . . . . . .. ............. 365
J.-M. Grienenberger, L. Lamattina, J.H. Weil, G. Bonnard
and J. Gualberto
IX
Topological Orientation of the Membrane Protein URF13 . ...... . .375
K.L. Korth, F. Struck, C.1. Kaspi, J.N. Siedow and C.S. Levings III
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Petunia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
M.R. Hanson, M.B. Connett, O. Folkerts, S. Izhar,
S.M. McEvoy, H.T. Nivison and K.D. Pruitt
Nuclear and Chloroplast Genes Involved in the Expression of
Specific Chloroplast Genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. . . .... 401
J.-D. Rochaix, M. Goldschmidt-Clermont, Y. Choquet, M. Kuchka
and J. Girard-Bascou
The Thylakoid Membrane of Higher Plants: Genes, their Expression
and Interaction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
R.G. Herrmann, R. OelmOller, J. Bichler, A. Schneiderbauer,
J. Steppuhn, N. Wedel, A.K. Tyagi and P. Westhoff
Greening of Etiolated Monocots - The Impact of Leaf Development
on Plastid Gene Expression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
P. Westhoff and H. Schrubar
Regulation of Chloroplast Biogenesis in Barley. . 439
J.E. Mullet, J.C. Rapp, B.J. Baumgartner,
T. Berends-Sexton and D.A. Christopher
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 449
D. von Wettstein
Molecular Approaches to Understand Sink-Source Relations in
Higher Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
L. Willmitzer, A. Basner, K. Borgmann, W.-B. Frommer
H. Hesse, S. Hummel, J. KoBmann, T. Martin, B. MOiler
M. Rocha-Sosa, A. von Schaeven, M. Stitt and U. Sonnewald
GENE EXPRESSION, PHOTORECEPTORS
The Expression of an Ovalbumin and a Seed Protein Gene
in the Leaves of Transgenic Plants . ........................ 471
Ch. Wandelt, W. Knibb, H.E. Schroeder, M.R.\. Khan
D. Spencer, S. Craig, T.J.V. Higgins
Regulation of Plant Gene Expression by Antisense RNA. ............... 479
J. Mol, A. van der Krol, A. van Tunen, R. van Blokland
P. de Lange and A. Stuitje
Photocontrol of Gene Expression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .............. 487
E. Schafer, A. Batschauer, A.R. Cashmore, B. Ehmann
H. Frohnmeyer, K. Hahlbrock, T. Kretsch, T. Merkle,
M. Rocholl and B. Wehmeyer
phyA Gene Promoter Analysis ................................ 499
P.H. Quail, W.B. Bruce, K. Dehesh and J. Dulson
Approaches to Understanding Phytochrome Regulation of
Transcription in Lemna gibba and Arabidopsis thaliana . . . . . . . . . .. 509
E.M. Tobin, J.A. Brusslan, J.A. Buzby, G.A. Karlin-Neumann
D.M. Kehoe, P .A. Okubara, S.A. Rolfe, L. Sun and
S.C. Weatherwax
x
Cis-Regulatory Elements for the Circadian Clock Regulated
Transcription of the Wheat cab-1 Gene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
A. Pay, E. Fejes, M. Szell, E. Adam and F. Nagy
PLANT DEVELOPMENT
Self-Incompatibility as a Model for Cell-Cell Recognition in
Flowering Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
J.E. Gray, B.A. McClure, V. Haring, M.A. Anderson and
A.E. Clarke
Floral Homo eo tic and Pigment Mutations Produced by Transposon-
Mutagenesis in Antirrhinum majus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 537
R. Carpenter, S. Doyle, D. Luo, J. Goodrich, J.M. Romero,
R. Elliot, R. Magrath and E. Coen
Molecular Analysis of the Homeotic Flower Gene deficiens
of Antirrhinum majus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
H. Sommer, W. Nacken, P. Huijser, J.-P. Beltran, P. Flor
R. Hansen, H. Pape, W.-E. Lonnig, H. Saedler
and Z. Schwarz-Sommer
Mutations of Knotted Alter Cell Interactions in the
Developing Maize Leaf. ................................ 555
S. Hake, N. Sinha, B. Veit, E. Vollbrecht and R. Walko
T-DNA Insertion Mutagenesis in Arabidopsis; A Procedure for
Unravelling Plant Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
K.A. Feldmann, A.M. Wierzbicki, R.S. Reiter and S.A. Coomber
PROTEIN TRANSPORT
Defining the Vacuolar Targeting Signal of Phytohemagglutinin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
M.J. Chrispeels, C.D. Dickinson, B.W. Tague, D.C. Hunt
and A. von Schaewen
Signals for Protein Import into Organelles. . . . . . . . . . . . 583
G. von Heijne
Protein Translocation Across the Chloroplast Envelope Membrane. 595
D. de Boer, J. Hageman, R. Pilon, T. America and P. Weisbeek
Protein Transport Across the Thylakoid Membrane . 605
C. Robinson, R. Mould and J. Shackleton
Protein Import into Plant Mitochondria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
F. Chaumont and M. Boutry
STORAGE PROTEINS
Assembly of Maize Storage Proteins into Protein Bodies in
Developing Endosperm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 619
B.A. Larkins, C.R. Lending and E. de Barros
Genetic. and ":f0lecular Studies on Endosperm Storage Proteins
In MaIze . ........................................ 627
N. Di Fonzo, H. Hartings, M. Maddaloni, S. Lohmer,
R. Thompson, F. Salamini and M. Motto
XI