Plant Metal Interaction Emerging Remediation Techniques Edited by Parvaiz Ahmad Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India AMSTERDAM(cid:129)BOSTON(cid:129)HEIDELBERG(cid:129)LONDON(cid:129)NEWYORK(cid:129)OXFORD PARIS(cid:129)SANDIEGO(cid:129)SANFRANCISCO(cid:129)SINGAPORE(cid:129)SYDNEY(cid:129)TOKYO Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UK 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA Copyright©2016ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicor mechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,without permissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,furtherinformationaboutthe Publisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangementswithorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearance CenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions. 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List of Contributors ElsayedF.Abd-Allah DepartmentofPlantProduction,FacultyofFood&AgriculturalSciences,KingSaudUniversity, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia MariaRosa Abenavoli Dipartimento Agraria, Universita` Mediterranea diReggioCalabria,Salita Melissari, Reggio Calabria, Italy Mohammad Abass Ahanger StressPhysiology Laboratory, School of Studies inBotany, Jiwaji University Gwalior, MP,India Zeshan Ali NationalInstituteofBioremediation,NationalAgriculturalResearchCenter(NARC),Islamabad, Pakistan Mushtaq Ahmad NationalInstituteofBioremediation,NationalAgriculturalResearchCenter(NARC),Islamabad, Pakistan ParvaizAhmad Department of Botany,S.P.College,Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India Fabrizio Araniti Dipartimento Agraria, Universita` Mediterranea diReggioCalabria,Salita Melissari, Reggio Calabria, Italy Saroj Arora Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab,India M.M. Azooz Department of Botany,FacultyofScience, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; Department of BiologicalSciences, FacultyofScience, KingFaisalUniversity,Al-Hassa, SaudiArabia ShagunBali Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab,India Sa´vio Bastos de Souza Centro de Biocieˆncias eBiotecnologia,Universidade Estadualdo Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dosGoytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Amanda Azevedo Bertolazi CentrodeCieˆnciaseTecnologiasAgra´rias,UniversidadeEstadualdoNorteFluminenseDarcy Ribeiro, Campos dosGoytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil RenuBhardwaj Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab,India xix xx LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Muhammad F.Bhatti Atta-ur-RahmanSchoolofAppliedBiosciences,NationalUniversityofSciencesandTechnology (NUST), Islamabad,Pakistan Janaina Biraldos Santos Centro de Biocieˆncias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadualdo NorteFluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Riode Janeiro, Brazil Marian Brestic Department ofPlant Physiology, Slovak University of AgricultureinNitra,Nitra, Slovakia Natalia Anatoljevna Burmistrova Timiryazev Institute ofPlant Physiology, Russian Academy ofSciences, Moscow, Russia Khushboo Chaudhary Department ofBioscience and Biotechnology,Banasthali University,Tonk,Rajasthan, India Devendra Kumar Chauhan Center ofAdvanced Study in Botany,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India Silvana Chocobar-Ponce Ca´tedra de Fisiologı´a Vegetal, Facultad de CienciasNaturalese IML, Tucuma´n, Argentina Antoˆnio Jesus DorighettoCogo Centro de Biocieˆncias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadualdo NorteFluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Riode Janeiro, Brazil Juliana Melo da Conceic¸a˜o Centro de Biocieˆncias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadualdo NorteFluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Riode Janeiro, Brazil Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva Ikenobe,Kagawa-ken, Japan Muriel daSilvaFolli-Pereira Laborato´rio de Microbiologia Ambientale Biotecnologia, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espı´rito Santo, Brazil Nata´lia de Aquino Portela Universidae Federal do Espı´ritoSanto, Goiabeiras,Vito´ria,Espı´ritoSanto,Brazil Mehmet Demiralay Department ofForest Engineering, Faculty ofForestry, Artvin C¸oruh University,Artvin, Turkey Murat Dikilitas Department ofPlant Protection, FacultyofAgriculture, HarranUniversity,S¸anlıurfa,Turkey Anupam Dikshit BiologicalProduct Laboratory,Department ofBotany,University ofAllahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xxi NawalKishoreDubey D. D.PantInterdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department ofBotany,University of Allahabad,Allahabad, India Dilfuza Egamberdieva LeibnizCentre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institutefor Landcape Biogeochemistry,Mu¨ncheberg, Germany Frederico Jacob Eutro´pio Centro de Biocieˆncias eBiotecnologia,Universidade Estadualdo Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dosGoytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Frederico FigueiraFirme Centro de Biocieˆncias eBiotecnologia,Universidade Estadualdo Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dosGoytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil MercedesGarcı´a-Sa´nchez DepartmentofAgro-EnvironmentalChemistryandPlantNutrition,FacultyofAgrobiology,Food and Natural Resources, Kamy´cka´,Prague, Czech Republic Vandana Gautam Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab,India Zoya Ghori Atta-ur-RahmanSchoolofAppliedBiosciences,NationalUniversityofSciencesandTechnology (NUST),Islamabad,Pakistan AsiyaHameed Department of Botany,FacultyofScience, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi,India NehaHanda Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab,India Asim Hayat Soil Fertility Lab,Land Resources Research Institute,NationalAgricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan Mirna Hilal Ca´tedra de Fisiologı´a Vegetal,Facultad de Ciencias Naturalese IML,Tucuma´n, Argentina Mohammad Anwar Hossain DepartmentofGeneticsandPlantBreeding,BangladeshAgriculturalUniversity,Mymensingh, Bangladesh Hira Iftikhar Atta-ur-RahmanSchoolofAppliedBiosciences,NationalUniversityofSciencesandTechnology (NUST),Islamabad,Pakistan Sameen R.Imadi Atta-ur-RahmanSchoolofAppliedBiosciences,NationalUniversityofSciencesandTechnology (NUST),Islamabad,Pakistan xxii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Sumira Jan Department ofBiotechnology, ICAR –CentralInstituteofTemperateHorticulture, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India Rohit Joshi PlantMolecularBiologyGroup,InternationalCentreforGeneticEngineeringandBiotechnology, NewDelhi,India Dhriti Kapoor Department ofBotanicaland Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab, India Nitika Kapoor Department ofBotany,Hansraj Mahila MahaVidyalaya, Jalandhar,Punjab, India Sema Karakas Department ofSoil Science and Plant Nutrition,Faculty ofAgriculture, HarranUniversity, S¸anlıurfa, Turkey Harpreet Kaur Department ofBotanicaland Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab, India ParminderKaur Department ofBotanicaland Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab, India SatwinderjitKaur Department ofBotanicaland Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab, India Sukhmeen Kaur Department ofBotanicaland Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab, India AlvinaG. Kazi Atta-ur-RahmanSchoolofAppliedBiosciences,NationalUniversityofSciencesandTechnology (NUST), Islamabad,Pakistan Suphiya Khan Department ofBioscience and Biotechnology,Banasthali University,Tonk,Rajasthan,India Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli Department ofBotanicaland Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab, India Marina Sergeevna Krasavina Timiryazev Institute ofPlant Physiology, Russian Academy ofSciences, Moscow, Russia Rajesh Kumar BiologicalProduct Laboratory,Department ofBotany,University ofAllahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xxiii SmitaKumar Department of Biochemistry,University ofLucknow,Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh, India CaterinaLongo Dipartimento Agraria, Universita` Mediterranea diReggioCalabria,Salita Melissari, Reggio Calabria, Italy Nina Fjodorovna Lunkova Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology,Russian Academy ofSciences, Moscow,Russia AntonioLupini Dipartimento Agraria, Universita` Mediterranea diReggioCalabria,Salita Melissari, Reggio Calabria, Italy AntonioMauceri Dipartimento Agraria, Universita` Mediterranea diReggioCalabria,Salita Melissari, Reggio Calabria, Italy RohitKumar Mishra BiologicalProductLaboratory,DepartmentofBotany,UniversityofAllahabad,Allahabad,Uttar Pradesh,India Nasar-um-Minullah Atta-ur-RahmanSchoolofAppliedBiosciences,NationalUniversityofSciencesandTechnology (NUST),Islamabad,Pakistan VaniMishra NanotechnologyApplication Centre,University of Allahabad, Allahabad,Uttar Pradesh, India Puja Ohri Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab,India Eduardo Pagano Departamentode Biologı´a Aplicada yAlimentos, Facultad deAgronomı´a,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina AnandPandey BiologicalProductLaboratory,DepartmentofBotany,UniversityofAllahabad,Allahabad,Uttar Pradesh,India Madhu Pandey BiologicalProductLaboratory,DepartmentofBotany,UniversityofAllahabad,Allahabad,Uttar Pradesh,India Manisha Pandey BiologicalProductLaboratory,DepartmentofBotany,UniversityofAllahabad,Allahabad,Uttar Pradesh,India AshwaniPareek StressPhysiologyandMolecularBiologyLaboratory,SchoolofLifeSciences,JawaharlalNehru University,New Delhi,India xxiv LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Ashutosh Pathak BiologicalProductLaboratory,DepartmentofBotany,UniversityofAllahabad,Allahabad,Uttar Pradesh, India Poonam Department ofBotanicaland Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab, India Carolina Prado Ca´tedra de Fisiologı´a Vegetal, Facultad de CienciasNaturalese IML, Tucuma´n, Argentina Fernando E.Prado Ca´tedra de Fisiologı´a Vegetal, Facultad de CienciasNaturalese IML, Tucuma´n, Argentina Maria Polsia Princi Dipartimento Agraria, Universita` Mediterranea diReggioCalabria, Salita Melissari, Reggio Calabria, Italy AfifaQidwai BiologicalProductLaboratory,DepartmentofBotany,UniversityofAllahabad,Allahabad,Uttar Pradesh, India Galina Nikolaevna Raldugina Timiryazev Institute ofPlant Physiology, Russian Academy ofSciences, Moscow, Russia Alessandro Coutinho Ramos Centro de Biocieˆncias e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadualdo NorteFluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Riode Janeiro, Brazil Bushra Rashid Center ofExcellence in MolecularBiology,University of thePunjab,Lahore, Pakistan Nazima Rasool Department ofBotany,University ofKashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India Saiema Rasool Department ofForest Management, Faculty ofForestry,University Putra Malaysia,Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Amandeep Rattan Department ofBotany,Hansraj Mahila MahaVidyalaya, Jalandhar,Punjab, India Mariana Rosa Ca´tedra de Fisiologı´a Vegetal, Facultad de CienciasNaturalese IML, Tucuma´n, Argentina (cid:1) Aykut Saglam Department ofMolecularBiologyand Genetics, Faculty ofSciences, KaradenizTechnical University, Trabzon, Turkey SyedW.Shah Atta-ur-RahmanSchoolofAppliedBiosciences,NationalUniversityofSciencesandTechnology (NUST), Islamabad,Pakistan ItiSharma Department ofBioscience and Biotechnology,Banasthali University,Tonk,Rajasthan,India LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xxv Resham Sharma Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab,India Shashi KantShukla Biological Product Laboratory,Department ofBotany, University ofAllahabad,Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh,India NaveenK. Singh InstituteofEnvironment and Sustainable Development,Banaras HinduUniversity,Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh,India Rajeev P.Singh InstituteofEnvironment and Sustainable Development,Banaras HinduUniversity,Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh,India ShwetaSingh D. D.PantInterdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department ofBotany,University of Allahabad,Allahabad, India SnehL. Singla-Pareek PlantMolecularBiologyGroup,InternationalCentreforGeneticEngineeringandBiotechnology, New Delhi,India Francesco Sunseri Dipartimento Agraria, Universita` Mediterranea diReggioCalabria,Salita Melissari, Reggio Calabria, Italy Oksana Sytar Department of Plant Physiology,Slovak University ofAgriculture inNitra, Nitra, Slovakia; Plant Physiology andEcology Department, Institute ofBiology,Taras Shevchenko National University ofKyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine Ji(cid:3)rinaSza´kova´ DepartmentofAgro-EnvironmentalChemistryandPlantNutrition,FacultyofAgrobiology,Food and Natural Resources, Kamy´cka´,Prague, Czech Republic Nataliya Taran Plant Physiology andEcology Department, Institute ofBiology,Taras Shevchenko National University ofKyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine Rabiye Terzi Department of Biology,Facultyof Sciences, KaradenizTechnicalUniversity,Trabzon, Turkey AshwaniKumar Thukral Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab,India Durgesh Kumar Tripathi D. D.PantInterdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department ofBotany,University of Allahabad,Allahabad, India; Center ofAdvancedStudyin Botany,Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi,India