PLANT METABOLITES UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS Mechanisms, Responses, and Adaptation Strategies PLANT METABOLITES UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS Mechanisms, Responses, and Adaptation Strategies Edited by Nivas M. Desai, PhD, FAPSR Manasi Patil, PhD Umesh R. Pawar, PhD First edition published 2023 Apple Academic Press Inc. CRC Press 1265 Goldenrod Circle, NE, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Palm Bay, FL 32905 USA Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 USA 760 Laurentian Drive, Unit 19, 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Burlington, ON L7N 0A4, CANADA Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN UK © 2023 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Apple Academic Press exclusively co-publishes with CRC Press, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors, editors, and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors, editors, and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged, please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: Plant metabolites under environmental stress : mechanisms, responses, and adaptation strategies / edited by Nivas M. Desai, PhD, Manasi Patil, PhD, Umesh R. Pawar, PhD. Names: Desai, Nivas M., editor. | Patil, Manasi, editor. | Pawar, Umesh R., editor. Description: First edition. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20220422605 | Canadiana (ebook) 20220422613 | ISBN 9781774910948 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781774910955 (softcover) | ISBN 9781003304869 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Plant metabolites. | LCSH: Plants—Metabolism. | LCSH: Plants—Effect of stress on. Classification: LCC QK881 .P56 2023 | DDC 572/.42—dc23 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Desai, Nivas M., editor. | Patil, Manasi, editor. | Pawar, Umesh R., editor. Title: Plant metabolites under environmental stress : mechanisms, responses, and adaptation strategies / edited by Nivas M. Desai, Manasi Patil, Umesh R. Pawar. Description: First edition. | Palm Bay, FL, USA : Apple Academic Press, 2023. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Plant Metabolites under Environmental Stress: Mechanisms, Responses, and Adaptation Strategies provides a timely update on the knowledge of plant responses to various environmental stresses such as salinity, waterlogging, drought, pollution, heat, temperature, oxidative stress, and mineral deficiencies. Chapters focus on physiological and biochemical mechanisms identified in plants that are crucial for them to adapt to biotic and abiotic stress and the methods for improving plant tolerance mechanisms. The book also throws light on plant secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds and plant growth regulators in ameliorating the stressful conditions in plants. The scientific knowledge and expertise presented in this volume will be valuable to agronomists, plant physiologists, horticulturists, research scholars of botany and agriculture science, academicians of plant sciences as well students in these areas”-- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2022042195 (print) | LCCN 2022042196 (ebook) | ISBN 9781774910948 (hardback) | ISBN 9781774910955 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003304869 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Plant metabolites. | Plants--Metabolism. | Plants--Effect of stress on. Classification: LCC QK881 .P5353 2023 (print) | LCC QK881 (ebook) | DDC 572/.42--dc23/eng/20220916 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022042195 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022042196 ISBN: 978-1-77491-094-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-77491-095-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-00330-486-9 (ebk) About the Editors Nivas M. Desai, PhD, FAPSR Department of Botany and Plant Protection, Sadguru Gadage Maharaj College, Karad, Satara District, Maharashtra, India Nivas M. Desai, PhD, is a Fellow of the Associa- tion of Plant Science Research (FAPSR). With over a decade in the field of plant science research, Dr. Desai has a unique identity that shines through his more than 32 international and national publications. His research areas are marine botany, plant physiology, functional foods, and photochemistry. He is a recipient of a DST Fastrack Young Scientist Fellowship and has success- fully completed a project on developing biofuel from marine cyanobacteria. He holds two Australian and two Indian patents. He has also attended more than 30 international and national conferences. He is also the recipient of several Young Scientist Awards and one Research Excellence Award. He is the author of many book chapters and has edited six books. Manasi Patil, PhD Plant Physiologist and Assistant Professor, Department of Botany and Plant Protection, Sadguru Gadage Maharaj College, Karad, Satara District, Maharashtra, India Manasi Patil, PhD, is a Plant Physiologist and an Assistant Professor at Sadguru Gadage Maharaj College, Karad, India. She has received a PhD from the Department of Botany, Shivaji University Kolhapur, India. Her research interests are stress physiology, oil seed plants, and the application of plant growth regulators. She has many research publi- cations to her credit and has attended several conferences. She holds one Australian and two Indian patents. She has also received major and minor projects from the University Grants Commission and Shivaji University Kolhapur, India. vi About the Editors Umesh R. Pawar, PhD Assistant Professor, PG Department of Botany, SPK College Sawantwadi, Maharashtra, India Umesh R. Pawar, PhD, is a hardcore botanist and an Assistant Professor in the PG Department of Botany, SPK College Sawantwadi, India. His research area is in the field of molecular charac- terization of mangroves. He has received his PhD from Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India. He has several publications in his credits and attended many conferences and has one international and three national patents to his credit. Contents Contributors .............................................................................................................ix Abbreviations ...........................................................................................................xi Foreword ................................................................................................................. xv Preface ..................................................................................................................xvii Introduction ............................................................................................................ xix 1. Endophytic Fungi: A Tool for Managing Abiotic Stress in Plants ..............1 Shakuntala Ghorai 2. Comparative Study of Physiological and Biochemical Response of Tribulus terrestris L. and Pedalium murex L. to Salt Stress .......................................................................................................25 Varsha Sanjay Khude 3. Adaptation Strategies of Rhododendron Under Environmental Stress ......45 Shreyasi Biswas and Mahuya Mukhopadhyay 4. Waterlogging Stress: ROS Generation and Its Effects on Plant ..............61 Swarupa Agnihotri and Vijaya Nikam 5. Remediation of Organic Textile Dyes and Effluent by Freshwater Filamentous Cyanobacteria: A Review .......................................................73 Madhulika Gupta 6. Dust Pollution and Plants: A Case Study of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India .......................................................................................85 Nitesh Joshi 7. Air Pollution Induced Stress in Avenue Trees: A Case Study of Mysore City, Karnataka, India ..................................................................117 C. Hemavathi and J. Shobha 8. Plant Responses to Drought Stress: Morphological, Physiological, Molecular Approaches, and Drought Resistance .....................................149 Pratap Vyankatrao Naikwade viii Contents 9. Devastating Effect of Amphan Cyclone on the Biodiversity of the Sundarbans Mangroves and the Need of Its Rehabilitation ...................185 Madhumita Majumder 10. Phenolic Compounds Under Stress ...........................................................203 Babita Rana and Kavita Chahal 11. Stress and Its Influence on the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Plants ..................................................219 J. Naveen, G. Hithamani, and H. G. Pushpalatha 12. Phenolic Compounds: Stress Markers of Plants and Their Protective Role.............................................................................................249 G. Hithamani, J. Naveen, and H. G. Pushpalatha 13. Nitrogen and Organic Acid Metabolism in Portulaca oleracea L. Under Drought Stress .................................................................................277 Vishal V. Naik, Amol V. Patil, and Baburao A. Karadge Index .....................................................................................................................293 Contributors Swarupa Agnihotri Department of Botany, VIVA College, Virar (W), University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, E-mail: [email protected] Shreyasi Biswas Department of Microbiology, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata–700017, West Bengal, India Kavita Chahal Department of Botany, Government College, Bichhua, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India Shakuntala Ghorai Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Raidighi College, Raidighi, West Bengal–743383, India, E-mail: [email protected] Madhulika Gupta Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Lady Brabourne College, P1/2 Suhrawardy Avenue, Kolkata–700017, West Bengal, India, E-mail: [email protected] C. Hemavathi Government First Grade College for Women, Vijayanagar, Mysore–570017, Karnataka, India G. Hithamani Department of Biochemistry, CSIR–Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore–570020, Karnataka, India Nitesh Joshi Rizvi College of Arts Science and Commerce, Department of Botany, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, E-mail: [email protected] Baburao A. Karadge Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India Varsha Sanjay Khude Associate Professor, Botany Department, Devchand College, Arjunnagar, Maharashtra, India, E-mail: [email protected] Madhumita Majumder Department of Botany, Raidighi College, Raidighi, P.O.+P.S.–Raidighi, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal–743383, India, E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Mahuya Mukhopadhyay Department of Microbiology, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata–700017, West Bengal, India, E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Vishal V. Naik Department of Botany, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s M. B. S. K. K. M., Kadegaon, Sangli, Maharashtra, India, E-mail: [email protected]