Plant Growth Substances 1985: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Plant Growth Substances, Held at Heidelberg, August 26–31, 1985 PDF
Preview Plant Growth Substances 1985: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Plant Growth Substances, Held at Heidelberg, August 26–31, 1985
Proceedings in Life Sciences Plant Growth Substances 1985 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Plant Growth Substances, Held at Heidelberg, August 26-31,1985 Edited by Martin Bopp With 135 Figures Springer-¥eriag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo Professor Dr. MARTIN Bopp Botanisches Institut der Universitat 1m Neuenheimer Feld 360 6900 Heidelberg, FRG ISBN-I3: 978-3-642-71020-9 e-ISBN-I3: 978-3-642-71018-6 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-71018-6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. International Conference on Plant Growth Substances (12th: 1985:Heidelberg, Germany). Plant growth substances 1985. (proceedings in life sciences). Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Plant hormones-Congresses. 2. Plant regulators-Congresses. I. Bopp, Martin, 1923- . II. Title. III. Series. QK731.155 1985 581.3 86-10219. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law, where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich. © by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1986 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Offsetprinting and bookbinding: Briihlsche Universitiitsdruckerei, Giessen 2131/3130-543210 Preface The 12th International Conference on Plant Growth Substances was held from 26th to 31st August 1985 in Heidelberg, F.R.G., under the auspices of the IPGSA (International Plant Growth Sub stances Association) and the University of Heidelberg in its 599th year. As many as 750 participants from 40 countries all over the world attended the conference, including guests and staff members of the local organizers. Fine days provided an excellent background for a fruitful and pleasant meeting and all the activities accompanying the scientific programme. During the conference all current aspects concerning growth substances were treated. Altogether the par ticipants presented 207 oral reports organized in four parallel sessions and about 300 posters, for which 2 hours' poster sessions were reserved each day. The conference gained in perspective from the arrangement of five workshops in which special aspects and the most recent results could be presented by specialists in the particular fields. The topics of the workshop were: actual methods of hormone detection (orga nizer H. Kende), auxin transport (organizer R. Hertel), growth sub stances and tumour formation (organizer J. Schroder), evolution of the hormone system (organizer W. Jacobs) and problems of ap plication (organizer J. Jung). The abstracts of all presentations were collected in a Book of Abstracts available during the conference, giving a rough surveY of the whole field of plant growth substances in its present state. The present volume of Proceedings in the Life Sciences series follows two volumes from earlier meetings (1976, 1979), and should be used as a guideline to the development of research in growth substances. It contains all invited lectures, including the reports from the workshops. To cover the many different aspects, the con tributions of the meeting were divided into 23 sections, for each of which one main speaker was invited. Therefore we hope that no important aspect has been totally neglected, even if certain chapters may be missing. Questions of hormone receptor substances are, for example, not the subject of active research at the moment, and we have omitted this aspect. Also the mechanisms of hormone effects - how the hormones do their job - is with few exceptions almost completely unkown and even some of these exceptions, like auxin VI Preface effects on elongation, have recently been questioned. The organiza tion of the volume does not follow the time schedule of the confer ence, but is composed so that related topics are treated in one chapter. The lectures of the workshops are included in the relevant chapters. It is, of course, impossible to arrange all contributions in a completely homogeneous way. Nevertheless, we hope that the book may serve as a source of information in the field of plant hormones. It is a great pleasure for me to express my thanks to all the speak ers who have prepared their manuscripts for this volume; to all mem bers of the local organization committee for their help before and during the conference: Dr. B. Knoop, Dr. W. Rademacher and Dr. B. Zbell; Prof. I. Essigmann-Capesius, who organized the enter tainment; Dr. G. Bopp-Hassenkamp and Mrs. H. Knoop, responsible for the Ladies' Programme. Many members of the staff of the Bo tanical Institute worked hard to prepare the conference and its smooth organization, above all, my secretary Mrs. B. Nickel. The conference would not have been such a success without the financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Land Baden-Wtirttemberg, the P.F. Saunders Memorial Fund and the following organizations: Amersham Buchler GmbH & Co. KG, Braun schweig; ARCO Solar, Inc., California; BASF, Ludwigshafen; Bayer AG, Leverkusen; Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Mannheim; Celamerck GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim/Rhein; Ciba-Geigy AG, Division AGRO, Basel; FESPP (Federation of European Societies of Plant PhYSio logy); Hoechst AG, Frankfurt; Kali und Salz AG, Kassel; Schering AG, Berlin; F. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg; Union Carbide Agri cultural Products Company, Inc., Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709, USA. Finally I wish to express my gratitude to the members of Springer Verlag for their support during the preparation of this volume. Heidelberg, June 1986 MARTINBOPP Contents Plant Cell Responses and the Role of Growth Substances P.F. Wareing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I. Methods The Use of Immunological Techniques in Plant Hormone Analysis A. Crozier, G. Sandberg, A.M. Monteiro, and B. Sundberg (With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l3 Immunoassays for the Quantitation of Plant Growth Regulators Using Monoclonal Antibodies E.W. Weiler, J. Eberle, and R. Mertens ................. 22 Immunoassays for Plant Growth Regulators - A Help or a Hindrance? T.L. Wang, P. Griggs, and S. Cook (With 6 Figures) . . . . . . . .. 26 Validation of Immunoassays W.L. Pengelly (With 6 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35 Immunoaffmity Columns for the Isolation and Analysis of Plant Hormones G.C. Davis, M.B. Hein, D.A. Chapman, B.C. Neely, C.R. Sharp, R.C. Durley, D.K. Biest, B.R. Heyde, and M.G. Carnes (With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 44 II. Hormones: Synthesis, Metabolism and Biochemistry Dwarf Mutants in Maize - The Gibberellin Biosynthetic Pathway and its Molecular Future B.O. Phinney, M. Freeling, D.s. Robertson, C.R. Spray, and J. Silverthorne (With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 55 VIII Contents Gibberellins: Structure-Activity Relationships and the Design of Molecular Probes M.H. Beale, R. Hooley, and J. MacMillan (With 9 Figures). . . .. 65 Gibberellin Biosynthesis from Gibberellin A12 -Aldehyde J.E. Graebe (With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74 Biosynthetic and Metabolic Aspects of Auxins R.S. Bandurski, A. Schulze, and D.M. Reinecke (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 83 Cytokinin Biosynthesis and Metabolism R. Horgan (With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92 The Nomenclature of Abscisic Acid and its Metabolites G.L. Boyer, B.V. Milborrow, P.F. Wareing, and J.A.D. Zeevaart . 99 Metabolism of Abscisic Acid J.A.D. Zeevaart, G.L. Boyer, K. Cornish, and R.A. Creelman (With 1 Figure). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101 The Shapes of Abscisic Acid and the Active Site B.V. Milborrow (With 6 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 108 Enzymes of Ethylene Biosynthesis H. Kende, A.B. Bleecker, W.H. Kenyon, and R.G. Mayne (With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 120 Chemistry, Physiology and Agricultural Application of Brassinolide and Related Steroids T. Yokota and N. Takahashi (With 1 Figure) .. . . . . . . . . . .. 129 Plant Growth Substances of Plant and Microbial Origin G. Sembdner and D. Gross (With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 139 III. Hormones: Mechanism Plant Growth Substances and the Ionic Permeability of Membranes M.F. Hipkins and J.R. Hillman (With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . .. 151 Ca2 +: Calmodulin Phytohormone-Linked Plant Senescence Control Y.Y. Leshem, M. Freud-Silverberg, J. Wurzburger, G. Bar-Nes, Z. Malik, and Y. Langsam (With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 159 Contents IX Phytohormones and Gene Expression B. Parthier (With 2 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 169 Enzymes of Auxin and Cytokinin Biosynthesis Encoded in Ti Plasmids J. Schroder, I. Buchmann, and G. Schroder (With 3 Figures) . .. 177 Cytokinin Biosynthetic Genes and Enzymes from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and other Plant-Associated Procaryotes R.O. Morris, G.K. Powell, J.S. Beaty, R.C. Durley, N.G. Hommes, L. Lica, and E.M.S. MacDonald (With 8 Figures). . . . . . . . . .. 185 The Evolution of Polar Transport Models, and some Possibilities for the Regulation of Auxin Carriers P.H. Rubery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 197 Roles of Transport and Binding in the Specific ~pH-Dependent Accumulation of Auxin by Zucchini Membrane Vesicles K.A. Clark and M.H.M. Goldsmith (With 4 Figures). . . . . . . .. 203 Active Auxin Uptake by Specific Plasma Membrane Carriers T.L. Lomax (With 1 Figure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 209 Two Comments on Auxin Transport: The Uptake/Efflux-Mechanism and the Problem of Adaptation R. Hertel (With 2 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 214 Further Characterization of the Presumptive Auxin Transport Carrier Using Monoclonal Antibodies M. Jacobs and T.W. Short (With 4 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 218 The Requirement for Calcium and Boron in Auxin Transport R.K. DelaFuente, P.M. Tang, and C.C. de Guzman . . . . . . . .. 227 Cellular Patterns Determined by Polar Transport T. Sachs (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 231 Auxin Transport and Shoot Tropisms: The Need for Precise Models R.D. Firn and S. Tamimi (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 236 Auxin and Root Gravitropism: The State of Our Knowledge T.J. Mulkey and M.A. Vaughan (With 5 Figures). . . . . . . . . .. 241 x Contents IV. Honnones: Effects Are Angiosperm Hormones Present in, and Used as Hormones by, Algae? W.P. Jacobs (With 4 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 249 Hormonal Coordination of the Processes Leading to Cell Fusion in Algae: A Glycoprotein Hormone from Red Algae S.D. Waaland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 257 On the Hormonal System of Mosses M. Bopp, D. Gerhauser, and U. Ke~ler (With 2 Figures) 263 Phytohormones and Filicinae: Chemical Signals Triggering Morphogenesis in Schizaeaceae H. Schraudolf (With 3 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 270 The Control of Plant Cell Elongation by Auxin and Gibberellin R.L. Jones (With 3 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 275 Mechanism of Growth Induction by Ester Compounds. Studies with Segments and Protoplasts of Oat Coleoptiles A. Hager, R. Hampp, and W. Mehrle (With 7 Figures). . . . . . .. 284 The Control of Flower Initiation and Development G. Bernier and J.M. Kinet (With 2 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 293 Hormonal Regulation of Plant Flowering M. Kh. Chailakhyan (With 1 Figure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 303 Phytohormones in Seed and Fruit Development C. Bulard and M. Th. Le Page-Degivry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 308 A Revision of the Hormone Balance Theory of Seed Dormancy: Studies on Gibberellin and/or Abscisic Acid-Deficient Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana C.M. Karssen and E. La9ka (With 5 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . .. 315 Cytokinin Control of Monocarpic Senescence in Soybean L.D. Nooden and D.s. Letham (With 2Figures). . . . . . . . . . .. 324 Epigenetic and Genetic Factors Regulating the Cytokinin Requirement of Cultured Cells F. Meins, JI. and C.E. Hansen (With 1 Figure). . . . . . . . . . . .. 333 Contents XI Apical Dominance and Correlations by Hormones J .R. Hillman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 341 Hormonal Control of Assimilate Movement and Compartmentation T .H. Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 350 v. Hormones: Applications Aims and Possibilities of Applied Plant Bioregulation J. Jung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 363 Growth Regulation of Arable Crops K.J. Treharne, R.D. Child, H. Anderson, and G.V. Hoad. . . . .. 368 Ethylene as an Indicator and Regulator in the Development of Field Crops P.W. Morgan ................................... 375 Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Plant Growth Substances on Development and Yield of Soybeans M.L. Brenner, W.A. Brun, J. Schussler, and N. Cheikh (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 380 Natural and Synthetic Plant Growth Substances in Fruit Growing F. Bangerth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 387 Recent Advances in the Use of Growth Substances in Ornamental Horticulture A.H. Halevy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 391 Interrelations of Plant Growth Substances, Mineral Nutrition and Crop Yield H. Beringer (With 1 Figure). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 399 Examples of the Use of Natural and Synthetic Plant Growth Substances in Cereal Breeding S.A. Quarrie and M.D. Gale (With 1 Figure) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 404 SubjectIndex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 411
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