Plant Genetic Engineering PDF
Preview Plant Genetic Engineering
Subcellular Biochemistry 17 Volume Plant Genetic Engineering SUBCELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY SERIES EDITOR J. R. HARRIS, Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany ASSISTANT EDITOR H. J. HILDERSON, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Recent Volumes in This Series: Volumes 5-11 Edited by Donald B. Roodyn Volume 12 Immunological Aspects Edited by J. R. Harris Volume 13 Fluorescence Studies on Biological Membranes Edited by H. J. Hilderson Volume 14 Artificial and Reconstituted Membrane Systems Edited by J. R. Harris and A.-H. Etemadi Volume 15 Virally Infected Cells Edited by J. R. Harris Volume 16 Intracellular Transfer of Lipid Molecules Edited by H. J. Hilderson Volume 17 Plant Genetic Engineering Edited ~y B. B. Biswas and J. R. Harris Volume 18 Intracellular Parasites Edited by J. L. Avila and J. R. Harris A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. Subcellular Biochemistry 17 Volume Plant Genetic Engineering Edited by B. B. Biswas Bose Institute Calcutta, India and J. R. Harris Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Germany PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this title as follows: Sub-cellular biochemistry. London, New York, Plenum Press. v. illus. 23 cm. quarterly. Began with Sept. 1971 issue. Cf. New serial titles. 1. Cytochemistry-Periodicals. 2. Cell organelles-Periodicals. QH611.S84 574.8'76 73-643479 ISBN-13:978-1-4613-9367-2 e-ISBN-13:978-1-4613-9365-8 DOl: 10.10071978-1-4613-9365-8 This series is a continuation of the journal Sub-Cellular Biochemistry, Volumes 1 to 4 of which were published quarterly from 1972 to 1975 © 1991 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1991 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARD J. L. AVILA, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela J. J. M. BERGERON, McGill University, Montreal, Canada B. B. BISWAS, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India N. BORGESE, CNR Center for Pharmacological Study, Milan, Italy M. J. COSTELLO, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA N . CRAWFORD, Royal College of Surgeons, London, England A.-H. ETEMADl, University of Paris VI, Paris, France W. H. EVANS, National Institute for Medical Research, London, England H. GLAUMANN, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden D. R. HEADON, University College Galway, Galway, Ireland P. L. J0RGENSEN, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark J. KIM, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan J. B. LLOYD, University of Keele, Keele, England J. A. LUCY, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, England A. H. MADDY, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland J. D. MORRE, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA P. QUINN, King's College London, London, England G. RALSTON, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia S. ROTTEM, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel M. R. J. SALTON, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA G. SCHATTEN, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA F. S. SJOSTRAND, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA F. WUNDERLICH, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, FRG G. ZAMPIGHI, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA 1. B. ZBARSKY, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR Contributors Giorgio BineUi Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy B. B. Biswas Bose Institute, Centenary Building, Calcutta 700 054, India Paula P. Chee Molecular Biology, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michi gan 49007 Abhaya M. Dandekar Davis Crown Gall Group, Department of Pomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8630 Andrew Davidson Max-Planck Institut fUr Zuchtungsforschung, Abt. Gene tische Grundlagen der Pflanzenzuchtung, 5000 KOln-30, Germany Tristan A. Dyer Molecular Genetics Department, Cambridge Laboratory, John Innes Centre for Plant Science Research, Norwich, NR4 7UJ, United Kingdom David A. Evans DNA Plant Technology Corporation, Cinnaminson, New Jersey 08077 Zhegong Fan DNA Plant Technology Corporation, Cinnaminson, New Jersey 08077 Hans-Jorg Jacobsen FB Biologie, Lehrgebiet Molekulargenetik, Universitiit Hannover, D-3000 Hannover, Germany Dieter Jahn Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale Uni versity, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 David I. Jokhadze Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Georgian Academy of Sciences, 380059 Tbilisi USSR Gary Kochert Department of Botany, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 vii viii Contributors Robert A. Morri~on DNA Plant Technology Corporation, Cinnaminson, New Jersey 08077 Richard J. Mural Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-8077 Nihal K. Notani Biomedical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bom bay 400085, India Gary P. O'Neill Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 Ercole Ottavianot Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy M. Enrico Pe Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy Peter L. Schuerman Davis Crown Gall Group, Department of Pomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8630 Jerry L. Sllghtom Molecular Biology, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007 Dieter SoU Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale Uni versity, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 Hans-Henning Steinbiss Max-Planck Institut flir Ziichtungsforschung, Abt. Genetische Grundlagen der Pflanzenziichtung, 5000 Koln-30, Germany Dominique Van Der Straeten Laboratorium voor Genetica, Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Marc Van Montagu Laboratorium voor Genetica, Universiteit Gent, B-9ooo Gent, Belgium tOeceased Preface Plant genetic engineering and the techniques of plant gene manipulation at large have gained importance because of their application in the improvement of plants. The ability to introduce foreign genes into a wide variety of plants has created a revolution in plant biology. A tremendous information explosion in this area of research, both basic and applied, has taken place during the last decade. Despite this advancement of knowledge, however, transformation, regeneration, and stabilization of genes inserted by direct or indirect method, particularly in the case of cereals, legumes, and trees, are still difficult to achieve. No general prescription can be given for producing fertile transgenic crop plants. It appears that each plant will have to be studied individually for proper manipulation of genes. This volume of Subcellular Biochemistry gives an overall coverage of the achievements in plant gene manipulation, since technological advances in plant cell transformation and molecular biology have led to enormous progress in understanding how plant cells function. In the opening chapter, an overview of prospects, perspectives, and prob lems of plant genetic engineering is presented by Biswas in order to describe the progress made so far in gene manipulation in plants. Different problems and methods available for gene transfer in plants are well documented. In the second chapter, Chee and Slightom discuss the expression of storage pro tein, particularly vicilin gene from legumes in tobacco. This is one of the model plants in which regulation of expression of plant genes to find cis and trans elements has been studied. Expression of high sulfur-containing seed stor age protein genes in tobacco suggests there is potential for legumes to be en riched with vicilin and phaseolin in sulfur-containing amino acids. The tech nology of producing haploid plants, particularly for the improvement of crop plants, has gained attention recently for its simplicity and transfer of specific traits via hybrid sorting. This is described in Chapter 3 by Morrison, Evans, and Fan. Plant transposable elements are extremely valuable for gene tagging, muta- ix x Preface tion, and monitoring of putative gene function. A succinct discussion of the role of these elements in diversification of plants is presented by Notani in Chapter 4. Woody plants are important and difficult to engineer. Recombinant DNA tech nology is now, applied to forest trees to contain the spread of diseases. Some aspects of this possibility are discussed in Chapter 5 by Schuerman and Dan-· dekar. Pollen transformation and gene transfer by transformed pollen is an impor tant technique for generation of engineered plants. This aspect also has implica tions in manipulating self-incompatibility in plants. This is stressed by Ottaviano, Pe, and Binelli in Chapter 6. Chimeric gene expression in plant cells is important in monitoring the transformation of cells and also in designing the expression vectors for plant cells. Steinbiss and Davidson project the problems and possibilities connected with it in Chapter 7. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping has emerged as an important tool in plant breeding programs. RFLP mapping is being used to expedit~ the acquisition of important genes from wild species, which may in crease yield, resistance, and adaptability to extreme environments, since these traits are found to be polygenic. Thus the uses of RFLP and RFLP mapping in DNA fingerprinting, plant breeding, and cloning of genes are elaborately pre sented by Kochert in Chapter 8. In the next three chapters, light-regulated gene expression in plants is discussed. Specific promoters for transcription of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase responsive to light and other effects of light, such as translation and protein stability, are discussed by Mural. Light-mediated reac tions are involved in photosynthesis. Although the process is very complex, the question arises as to how this process can be improved upon by available genetic engineering techniques. Selection of photosynthetic components for manipula tion is essential. Dyer covers this aspect of the photosynthetic process and O'Neill et al. discuss the interesting process of involvement of glutamyl-tRNA in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Finally, in the last three chapters, the molecular basis of the action of auxins, ethylene, and gibberellin in plants in eliciting the signal transaction, as well as in modulating gene expression, is discussed. Jacobsen discusses the role of auxins in somatic embryogenesis as well as auxin-induced genes in plants, including what is known about biochemical markers for developmental processes and the possible relevance of specific markers for improving regen eration systems. Van Der Straeten and Van Montagu review the molecular basis of ethylene biosynthesis along with gene manipulation for endogenous ethylene formation and stress production. Ethylene-induced genes have been implicated in plant development. Jokhadze discusses the gibberellin binding protein and transcription process in nuclei and chloroplasts in order to eluci date the genetic system of plants under the influence of this plant growth substance.
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