Plant Conservation Genetics

196 Pages·2006·15.853 MB·\196

by  Robert J Henry (Editor)

Robert J. Henry
Editor
Plant Conservation
Genetics
Pre-publication “Thistimelyvolumewillbeagreat
REVIEWS, resource for research scientists,
COMMENTARIES, curators, and graduate and advanced
EVALUATIONS . . . undergraduate students in the plant
genetic resource area. It covers both
economicallyimportantfoodandfibre
crops,andtheissuesofconservationof
biodiversity,rarespecies,andtheprob-
lemsoffragmentedhabitatswhichare
now to be found on every continent.
“As efforts grow to conserve the Manyofthechaptersincludeinforma-
world’s plant diversity, under- tiononthelatesttechnicaladvancesin
standing the genetic diversity of each plant conservation genetics, from col-
of the target species will become in- lection to conservation methodologies
creasingly important. Robert Henry andtheuseofthelatestgenomicstech-
has assembled outstanding authors at niquesforsensiblemanagementofcol-
thecuttingedgeofconservationgenet- lections and habitats. The chapters by
ics.Frominsitutoexsitusituations,and NicoleRiceandGlennBryanraisepar-
fromtargetingpopulationstoevaluat-
ticularlyimportantissuesaboutthefu-
ing collections, this book reviews the
tureutilityofDNAbanksandsequence
currentstateofknowledgeinthefield
informationforconservationstrategies
anditspotentialimportancetoconser-
in the freezer or potentially even ‘in
vationefforts.Studentsofthefieldand
silico.’ThefinalchapterbyeditorRob-
all involved in the implementation of
plant conservation efforts won’t want ert Henry brings to light some of the
tomissthisinvaluablediscussionofa challengesinusingthesetechniquesin
rapidly evolving field.” anintelligentmannertoenhanceplant
conservation strategies.”
James S. Miller, PhD
William L. Brown Curator Ian Godwin, PhD, BAgrSc(Hons)
And Director, William L. Brown Associate Professor of Plant Molecular
Center for Plant Genetic Resources, Genetics, School of Land and Food
Missouri Botanical Garden Resources, The University of Queensland
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Plant Conservation
Genetics
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Plant Conservation
Genetics
Robert J. Henry
Editor
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Cover design by Marylouise E. Doyle.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Plant conservation genetics / Robert J. Henry, editor.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-56022-996-4 (hard : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-56022-996-9 (hard : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-1-56022-997-1 (soft : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-56022-997-7 (soft : alk. paper)
1. Germplasm resources, Plant. 2. Genetic resources conservation. I. Henry, Robert J.
QK981.7.P58 2006
333.95'3416—dc22
2005023383
CONTENTS
About the Editor ix
Contributors xi
Chapter 1. Plant Conservation Genetics:
Importance, Options, and Opportunities 1
Robert J. Henry
Introduction 1
Importance of Plants in Life 2
Role of Genetics 2
Options and Strategies for Plant Conservation 3
Opportunities for Application of Plant Conservation
Genetics 3
Overview of Plant Conservation Genetics 5
Chapter 2. Techniques for ex Situ Plant Conservation 7
Imke Thormann
Mohammad Dulloo
Johannes Engels
Introduction 7
Historical Context 8
Seed and Ultra-Dry Seed Storage 10
Botanic Garden Conservation 11
DNA Storage 12
Field Gene Banks 12
In Vitro Techniques 15
Pollen Storage 23
Germplasm Collection and Management 26
Complementary Conservation 26
Chapter 3. Strategies Employed to Collect Plant Genetic
Resources for ex Situ Conservation 37
Sally L. Dillon
Introduction 37
Planning the Collecting Mission 39
Data and Seed Collection 48
Postcollection Activities and Seed Processing for ex Situ
Conservation 52
Recent Collecting by the Australian Tropical Crops
and Forages Collection 53
Concluding Remarks 54
Chapter 4. The Role of Genetic Resources
Held in Seed Banks in Plant Improvement 57
Tsukasa Nagamine
Introduction 57
New Alleles onWxGenes Found in Local Wheat Cultivars 58
Null Allele of Lipoxygenase-3 from Rice Local Cultivars
Using Core Collection 61
Characterizing Natural Genes Controlling the Heading
of Rice by QTL Analysis 64
Discovery of the Gene Controlling Seed Longevity of Rice 66
Effective Management of the Stock Database by Seed Lot
Unit 68
Conservation and Multiplication of Plant Genetic Resources
in the Country of Origin 69
Evaluation Database for Heterogeneous Plant Genetic
Resources 71
Conclusion 71
Chapter 5. Botanic Gardens and Conservation 75
Robert O. Makinson
Introduction 75
Critical Factors in Using Botanic Gardens for
Conservation Science 80
Who Has What Species? 86
Acknowledgment and Promotion of ex SituCollections 88
Property Rights, Access, and Benefit Sharing 88
Chapter 6.Conservation of Plant Genes
and the Role of DNA Banks 91
Nicole Rice
Introduction 91
Conservation of Plant Biodiversity 92
Ex Situ Collections 92
How Do We Define a DNA Bank? 93
Database and Sample Management 95
Collection Strategies 98
DNA Extraction and Storage 99
Constraints for ex Situ Collectionsand DNA Banks 100
Concluding Remarks 101
Chapter 7. Strategies for in SituConservation 105
Ghillean T. Prance
Introduction 105
Identification of Ecosystems to Be Conserved 106
Relationships with the Local Population 110
Protection Legislation 111
Monitoring 111
Maintaining the Ecosystem 111
Effective Financing 112
A Management Plan 113
Conclusion 114
Appendix: Article 8 of the Convention on Biological
Diversity (UNEP/CBD, 1994) 114
Chapter 8. Impact of Habitat Fragmentation on
Plant Populations 117
Maurizio Rossetto
Introduction 117
Consequences of Habitat Fragmentation: Genetic
Hazards Small, Isolated Populations Face 118
Conclusion: Developing Informative Habitat
Fragmentation Research 125
Chapter 9. Molecular Analysis of Plant Genetic
Resources 131
Glenn Bryan
Rationale for Molecular Analysis of Plant Genetic
Resources 131
Molecular Marker Techniques Available for the
Analysis of Plant Genetic Resources 132