Plant Cells PDF
Preview Plant Cells
72 Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology Managing Editor: T. Scheper Editorial Board: W. Babel. H.W. Blanch. C.L. Cooney • I. Endo S.-O. Enfors • K.-E. L. Eriksson • A. Fiechter • M. Hoare B. Mattiasson • H. Sahm. K. Schiigerl G. Stephanopoulos • G.T. Tsao. K. Venkat • J. Villadsen U. yon Stockar • C. Wandrey Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo Plant Cells Volume Editor: J.-J. Zhong With contributions by S. Y. Byun, G. H. Cho, J. W. Choi, J. R. Haigh, H. Honda, E. ]ames, J. W. Kijne, D.-I. Kim, T. Kobayashi, J. M. Lee, M. Kino-oka, J. C. Linden, C. Liu, J. Memelink, N. Mirjalili, H. Nagatome, M. Taya, M. Phisaphalong, R. van der Heijden, R. Verpoorte, J.-J. Zhong ~ Springer Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology reviews actual trends in modern biotechnology. Its aim is to cover all aspects of this interdisciplinary technology where knowledge, methods and expertise are required for chemistry, biochemistry, micro- biology, genetics, chemical engineering and computer science. Special volumes are dedi- cated to selected topics which focus on new biotechnological products and new pro- cesses for their synthesis and purification. They give the state-of-the-art of a topic in a comprehensive way thus being a valuable source for the next 3-5 years. It also discusses new discoveries and applications. In general, special volumes are edited by well known guest editors. The managing editor and publisher will however always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Manuscripts are accepted in English. In references Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology is abbreviated as Adv Biochem Engin/Biotechnol as a journal. Visit the ABE home page at http:l/link.springer.de/series/abe/ http:/llink.springer-ny.comlserieslabel ISSN 0724-6145 ISBN 3-540-41849-0 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 72-152360 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York a member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this pub- lication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regtdations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Fotosatz-Service K6hler GmbH, Wiirzburg Cover: E. Kirchner, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 10753451 02/3020hu- 5 4 3 2 1 0 Managing Editor Professor Dr. T. Scheper Institute of Technical Chemistry University of Hannover Callinstraf~e 3 D-30167 Hannover/FRG E-mail: [email protected], uni-hannover.de Volume Editor Prof. Dr. J.-J. Zhong State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Prof. Dr. W. Babel Prof. Dr. H.W. Blanch Section of Environmental Microbiology Department of Chemical Engineering Leipzig-HalleG mbH University of California Permoserstrat~e 15 Berkely, CA 94720-9989IUSA D-04318 Leipzig/FRG E-maih [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. I. Endo Prof. Dr. C. L. Cooney Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Bioproductive Science Department of Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Utsunomiya University 25 Ames Street, Room 66-350 Mine-cho 350, Utsunomiya-shi Cambrigde, MA 02139-4307/USA E-maih [email protected] Tochigi 321-8505/Japan E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. S.-O. Enfors Prof. Dr. K.-E.L. Eriksson Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biological Resource Recovery Biotechnology The University of Georgia Royal Institute of Technology A214 Life Science Building Teknikringen 34, S-100 44 Stockholm/Sweden Athens, GA 30602-7229/USA E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. A. Fiechter Prof. M. Hoare Institute of Biotechnology Department of Biochemical Engineering Eidgen6ssische Technische Hochschule University College London ETH-H6nggerberg Torrington Place CH-8093 Zfirich/Switzerland London, WC1E 7JE/UK E-mail: [email protected] E-maih [email protected] VI Editorial Board Prof. Dr. B. Mattiasson Prof. Dr. H. Sahm Department of Biotechnology Institute of Biotechnolgy Chemical Center, Lund University Forschungszentrum Jtilich GmbH P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund/Sweden D-52425 ]filich/FRG E-maih [email protected] E-maih [email protected] Prof. Dr. K. Schfigerl Institute of Technical Chemistry Prof. Dr. G. Stephanopoulos University of Hannover Department of Chemical Engineering Callinstratge 3, Massachusetts Institute of Technology D-30167 Hannover/FRG Cambridge, MA 02139-4307/USA E-mail: [email protected] E-maih [email protected] Prof. Dr. U. von Stockar Laboratoire de G6nie Chimique et Prof. Dr. G. T. Tsao Biologique (LGCB) Director D6partment de Chimie Lab. of Renewable Resources Eng. Swiss Federal Institute A.A. Potter Eng. Center of Technology Lausanne Purdue University CH-1015 Lausanne/Switzerland West Lafayette, IN 47907/USA E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dr. K. Venkat Chairman Prof. Dr. ]. Villadsen Morphochem, Inc. Department of Biotechnology 11 Deer Park Drive, Suite 116 Technical University of Denmark Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852/USA Bygning 223 E-maih [email protected] DK-2800 Lyngby/Denmark Prof. Dr. C. Wandrey Institute of Biotechnology Forschungszentrum ]iilich GmbH D-52425 ]tilich/FRG E-maih c. 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Save 15% We recommend a standing order for the series to ensure you automatically receive all volumes and all supplements and save 15 % on the list price. Preface Plants produce more than 30,000 types of chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, pigments and other fine chemicals, which is four times more than those obtain- ed from microbes. Plant cell culture has been receiving great attention as an alternative for the production of valuable plant-derived secondary metabolites, since it has many advantages over whole plant cultivation. However, much more research is required to enhance the culture productivity and reduce the pro- cessing costs, which is the key to the commercialization of plant cell culture pro- cesses. The recent achievements in related biochemical engineering studies are reviewed in Chapter 1. The effect of gaseous compounds on plant cell behavior has been little studied, and Chapter 2 focuses on these gas concentration effects (including oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethylene and others, such as volatile hor- mones like methyl jasmonate) on secondary metabolite production by plant cell cultures. Two metabolites of current interest, i.e., the antimalarial artemisinin (known as "qing hao su" in China) that is produced by Artemisia annua (sweet wormwood) and taxanes used for anticancer therapy that are produced by species of Taxus, are taken as examples. Bioprocess integration is another hot topic in plant cell culture technology. Because most of the plant secondary meta- bolites are toxic to the cells at high concentrations during the culture, removal of the product in situ during the culture can lead to the enhanced productivity. Various integrated bioprocessing techniques are discussed in Chapter 3. To improve the productivity of commercially important compounds in plants or plant cell cultures, or even to produce completely new compounds, metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolite pathways has opened a new promis- ing perspective. Different strategies used for the genetic modification are dis- cussed in Chapter 4, including single-gene and multiple-gene approaches, as well as the use of regulatory genes for increasing productivity. These approaches are, among others, illustrated with work on the terpenoid indole alkaloid bio- synthesis. With the development of genetic engineering of plant cells or organs, a lot of recombinant products can be obtained in cheap plant cell culture media. Production of these high- value products in plant cells is an economically viable alternative to other systems, particularly in cases where the protein must be bio- logically active. Chapter 5 reviews foreign protein production from genetically modified plant cells, and the implications for future development of this tech- nology are also discussed. Plant micropropagation is another important application of plant cell culture, which is an efficient method of propagating disease-free, genetically uniform X Preface and massive amounts of plants in vitro. The prospect of micropropagation through somatic embryogenesis provides a valuable alternative to the tradi- tional propagation system, and the micropropagation of elite hairy roots offers other attractive advantages in the large-scale production of artificial seeds. Large-scale production of somatic embryos and hairy roots in appropriate bioreactors is essential if micropropagation and artificial seed systems are to compete with natural seeds. Chapter 6 identifies the problems related to large- scale plant micropropagation via somatic embryogenesis and hairy roots, and the most recent developments in bioreactor design are summarized. Emphasis is given to immobilization technology and computer-aided image analysis employed in the mass micropropagation. As promising materials in plant cell cultures, hairy roots are recently shown to be responsive to physical stimuli such as exposure to light. However, physiological properties of hairy roots caused by environmental conditions have been hardly investigated in engineering aspects. In Chapter 7, the authors have developed the photomixotrophic and photo- autotrophic hairy roots of pak-bung (water spinach) from the heterotrophic originals under light conditions. The physiological and morphological prop- erties and growth kinetics of these hairy roots have been characterized. The relationships between growth potential of photoautotrophic hairy roots and energy acquired by photosynthesis in the cells are discussed in terms of main- tenance energy. I would like to thank Professor Thomas Scheper, the managing editor of this series, and Dr. Marion Hertel, chemistry editorial of Springer-Verlag, for their strong support. The excellent work and very pleasant cooperation of Mrs. Ulrike Kreusel, desk editor (chemistry) of Springer-Verlag, is greatly appreciated. I am also grateful to the supports from the Cheung Kong Scholars Program of the Ministry of Education of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the East China University of Science and Technology. ECUST Shanghai Jian-Jiang Zhong February 2001
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