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Plant Cell Wall Patterning and Cell Shape PDF

466 Pages·2014·6.946 MB·English
by  FukudaHiroo
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Table of Contents Title Page Copyright List of Contributors Preface Section 1: Factors Controlling Plant Cell Wall Patterning Chapter 1: The Biosynthesis and Function of Polysaccharide Components of the Plant Cell Wall Introduction Overview of the Plant Cell Wall Components of the Primary Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Assembly of the Cell Wall Function of Xyloglucan and XTH Function of Pectin and PME References Chapter 2: Regulation of Cell Wall Formation by Membrane Traffic Introduction Membrane Trafficking in Plant Cells Membrane Traffic in Cell Wall Metabolism Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References Chapter 3: A Blueprint for Cellulose Biosynthesis, Deposition, and Regulation in Plants Introduction Structure and Deposition of Cellulose Isolation of Genes Encoding Cellulose Synthase Catalytic Subunits Structural Insights from the Bacterial Cellulose Synthase Complex CesAs Involved in Primary Cell Wall Biosynthesis CesAs Involved in Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis Regulation of the Cellulose Synthase Complex (CSC) by Cytoskeletal Components and Vesicle Trafficking Other Genes Involved in Cellulose Biosynthesis Regulation of the CSC by Phosphorylation Wall Integrity Sensing Conclusions and Future Perspectives Acknowledgements References Chapter 4: Cortical Microtubule Array Organization and Plant Cell Morphogenesis Introduction Microtubule Polymers Microtubule Behaviors in Plant Cells Microtubule Functions in Plant Cells Organizing Transverse Plant Microtubule Arrays References Chapter 5: Actin Filament Dynamics and their Role in Plant Cell Expansion Introduction The Actin Cytoskeleton and Cell Morphogenesis Live-Cell Imaging and New Fluorescent Reporters for Actin Dynamics Studies A New View of Actin Turnover in Plants Actin-binding Proteins Modulate Stochastic Dynamics Genetic Evidence for the Stochastic Dynamics Model Filament Length and Lifetime: Key Parameters Linking Actin Dynamics with Axial Cell Expansion? Prospects for the Future Acknowledgements References Section 2: Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Various Cell Shapes Chapter 6: The Regulation of Cell Shape Formation by ROP-dependent Auxin Signaling Introduction Leaf PCs as a Model System to Study Cellular Morphogenesis Cytoskeletal Regulation of PC Morphogenesis: Counteraction between ROP-mediated Cortical Actin Microfilament and Microtubules Self-organizing Mechanism Controls the Localized Auxin Transport Critical for PC Morphogenesis Coordination of Interdigitative Growth by Auxin Connecting Signals to Rop GTPases: GEFs as Activators of ROP Signaling Future Perspectives Acknowledgements References Chapter 7: Xylem Cell Wall Pattern Formation Regulated by Microtubule-associated Proteins and ROP GTPases Introduction Microtubules and Secondary Wall Development in Xylem Cells Experimental Systems using Arabidopsis for Study of Xylem Cell Differentiation Secondary Cell Wall Patterning in Xylem Cells Membrane Traffic and Cellulose Synthesis Activity are Essential for Secondary Wall Patterning Future Perspectives Acknowledgements References Chapter 8: ROP Signaling and the Cytoskeleton in Pollen Tube Growth Introduction Structural Basis for Pollen Tube Tip Growth The Cytoskeleton ROP GTPases in Pollen Tubes ROPs regulate F-actin Organziation and Dynamics Regulation of ROP Activity in Pollen Tubes Future Prospects Acknowledgements References Chapter 9: Phosphoinositide Signaling in Root Hair Tip Growth Introduction to Root Hair Study Overview of Phosphoinositide Signaling in Eukaryotes Phosphoinositide Signaling in Root Hair Tip Growth Signaling by Other Phospholipids in Root Hair Tip Growth Signal Integration by Phosphoinositide Interactors A Hypothetical Mechanism for Sustaining the Tip Growth Polarity Concluding Remarks References Chapter 10: Arabidopsis Trichome Morphogenesis and the Role of Microtubules in Controlling Trichome Branch Formation Introduction Transcriptional Control of Trichome Development Analysis of Gene Expression in Developing Trichomes Role of Microtubules in Trichome Branching Molecular Processes Influencing MT Dynamics and Trichome Branching Conclusions References Chapter 11: Transfer Cells: Novel Cell Types with Unique Wall Ingrowth Architecture Designed for Optimized Nutrient Transport Introduction Reticulate Wall Ingrowth Morphology Flange Wall Ingrowth Morphology Chemical Composition of Wall Ingrowths Mechanisms of Reticulate Wall Ingrowth Deposition: A Unique Type of Localized Wall Deposition in Plants Mechanisms of Flange Wall Ingrowth Deposition: Similarities to Secondary Wall Thickenings Signals Inducing Transfer Cell Differentiation The Transfer Cell Transcriptome Phloem Parenchyma Transfer Cell in Arabidopsis thaliana: A Genetic Model to Study Transfer Cell Biology Conclusions Acknowledgements References Section 3: Developmental Regulations of Cell Shape Chapter 12: Regulation of Guard Cell Formation by Integration of Transcriptional and Signaling Regulation Introduction Transcription Factors: Intrinsic Factors Regulate Stomatal Formation The Signaling Cascade: Receiving Extracellular Signals by Membrane-bound Receptors YDA MAPK Pathway: Transducing Extracellular Information to Intracellular Transcription Factors Modulation of Stomatal Development by Environmental Stimuli Conclusion References Chapter 13: Transcriptional Regulation of Biosynthesis of Cell Wall Components during Xylem Differentiation Introduction Xylem Cell Wall Composition and Biosynthesis Coordinated Expression of Secondary Wall Biosynthetic Genes during Xylem Differentiation Promoter Analysis of Xylem-specific Expression Transcriptional Switches Activating Secondary Wall Deposition Feed-forward Loop Regulatory Network Controlling the Expression of Secondary Wall Biosynthetic Genes Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References Chapter 14: Phloem Cell Development Introduction Primary Development of the Vasculature Differentiation and Characteristics of Phloem Evolutionary and Divergence Aspects Conclusions Acknowledgements References Index End User License Agreement List of Illustrations Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2 Figure 1.3 Figure 1.4 Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2 Figure 3.3 Figure 3.4 Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2 Figure 4.3 Figure 4.4 Figure 5.1 Figure 5.2 Figure 5.3 Figure 6.1 Figure 6.2 Figure 6.3 Figure 7.1 Figure 7.2 Figure 7.3 Figure 8.1 Figure 8.2 Figure 8.3 Figure 9.1 Figure 9.2 Figure 9.3 Figure 9.4 Figure 10.1 Figure 10.2 Figure 10.3 Figure 10.4 Figure 10.5 Figure 11.1 Figure 11.2 Figure 11.3 Figure 11.4 Figure 11.5 Figure 11.6 Figure 11.7 Figure 12.1 Figure 12.2 Figure 12.3 Figure 13.1 Figure 13.2 Figure 13.3 Figure 13.4 Figure 14.1 Figure 14.2 Figure 14.3 Figure 14.4 Figure 14.5 List of Tables Table 5.1 Table 8.1 Table 9.1 Table 10.1 Table 12.1 Plant Cell Wall Patterning and Cell Shape Edited by HIROO FUKUDA Copyright © 2015 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750- 8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748- 6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Plant cell wall patterning and cell shape / edited by Hiroo Fukuda. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-64737-0 (cloth) 1. Plant cell walls. I. Fukuda, H (Hiroo) QK725.P4723 2014 572′.472–dc23 2014024315

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