PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY VOLUME 1 Principles, Techniques, and Applications PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY VOLUME 1 Principles, Techniques, and Applications Edited by Bishun Deo Prasad, PhD Sangita Sahni, PhD Prasant Kumar, PhD Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui, PhD Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell Crescent 9 Spinnaker Way Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Canada Waretown, NJ 08758 USA © 2018 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Plant Biotechnology (2-volume set) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-580-5 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-315-21374-3 (eBook) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-582-9 (2-volume set) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-315-21309-5 (eBook) All rights reserved. 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Siddiqui, Mohammed Wasim, editor II. Prasad, Bishun Deo, editor III. Sahni, Sangita, editor IV. Kumar, Prasant, editor V. Title. TP248.27.P55P63 2017 660.6 C2017-905057-5 C2017-905058-3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Prasad, Bishun Deo, editor. Title: Plant biotechnology. Volume 1, Principles, techniques, and applications / editors: Bishun Deo Prasad, Sangita Sahni, Prasant Kumar, Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui. Other titles: Principles, techniques, and applications Description: Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017034336 (print) | LCCN 2017044760 (ebook) | ISBN 9781315213743 (ebook) | ISBN 9781771885805 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Plant biotechnology. Classification: LCC TP248.27.P55 (ebook) | LCC TP248.27.P55 P5545 2017 (print) | DDC 630--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017034336 Apple Academic Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Apple Academic Press products, visit our website at www.appleacademicpress.com and the CRC Press website at www.crcpress.com ABOUT THE EDITORS Bishun Deo Prasad, PhD Dr. Bishun Deo Prasad is an Assistant Professor and Scientist in the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, India. He has published several research papers in reputed peer-reviewed international journals which have been cited more than 100 times. He has also contributed to two authored book, has written several book chapters, and has submitted 10 sequences of different isolates to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). He is a reviewer of the International Journal of Agriculture Sciences and Journal of Environmental Biology. Dr. Prasad has received the DAE—Young Scientist Research award in 2013 and the Fast Track Scheme for Young Scientists award by the Depart- ment of Science and Technology (DST), India, in 2012. He has also been awarded with an Outstanding Achievement Award in 2014 from the Society for Scientific Development in Agriculture and Technology (SSDAT) and an Inventor of the Year Award, 2015 in the discipline of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering from the Society of Scientific and Applied Research Centre at an international conference (iCiAsT-2016) held at the Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand in 2016. Dr. Prasad acquired his BSc (Agriculture) degree from MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India, MSc (Agricultural Biotechnology) from Assam Agricul- tural University and his PhD from M. S. University from Baroda, Gujarat, India, with a thesis in the field of Plant Biotechnology. He also worked at the John Innes Centre (JIC), Norwich, UK, during his PhD. Subsequently, he worked as a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Western Ontario University, London, Ontario, Canada. He also worked at V.M.S.R.F., Banga- lore, as a Scientist and S. D. Agricultural University, Gujarat, as an Assistant Professor. He has received grants from various funding agencies to carry out his research projects. He is a member secretary of Biosafety Committee and member of different committees of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour. vi About the Editors Dr. Prasad has been associated with biotechnological aspects of rice, Brassica napus, Arabidopsis, linseed, lentil, vegetable (bitter guard and pointed guard), and horticultural (mango, litchi, and banana) crops. He is also associated with host–pathogen interaction studies in rice, B. napus, and Arabidopsis as well as mutational breeding aspect in rice for abiotic stress tolerance. He is dynamically involved in teaching graduate and post- graduate courses of Biotechnology, Plant Breeding and Genetics, Vegetable Crops, and Horticultural Crops. Sangita Sahni, PhD Dr. Sangita Sahni is a Junior Scientist and Assistant Professor in the Department of Plant Pathology, Tirhut College of Agricul- ture, Dholi, Rajendra Agricultural Univer- sity, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, India. She has published several research papers in reputed peer-reviewed national and international journals. She has published two authored book and several book chapters. She has isolated several bacterial isolates from different sources and submitted their sequences to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Dr. Sahni acquired a BSc (Agriculture) degree from A.N.G.R.A.U, Hyder- abad, India, and an MSc (Agriculture) in Mycology and Plant Pathology from Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. She received her PhD (Agriculture) in Plant Pathology from the B.H.U, Varanasi. Subsequently, she worked as a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Western Ontario University, London, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Sahni has been awarded with the Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Educa- tion Shikhar Award for outstanding contribution in the field of education, a Young Scientist Award in 2014 from the Society for Scientific Develop- ment in Agriculture and Technology (SSDAT), and an Innovative Scientist of the Year Award, 2015, from the Scientific Education Research Society for outstanding contribution in the field of Plant Pathology. She is a Principal Investigator in All India Co-ordinated Research Programme at MULLaRP and Chickpea Pathology at T.C.A., Dholi. She is an officer in-charge of ARIS cell, TCA, Dholi, and a member of different committees of RAU, Pusa. She About the Editors vii has been an active member of the organizing committees of several national and international seminars. Dr. Sahni has been associated with molecular host–pathogen interaction studies in Arabidopsis and B. napus. She is also associated with patholog- ical aspect of chickpea and MULLaRP. She is actively involved in teaching graduate and post-graduate courses in Plant Pathology and Biotechnology. She has proved herself as an active scientist in the area of Molecular Plant Pathology. Prasant Kumar, PhD Dr. Prasant Kumar is an Assistant Professor at the C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotech- nology, Department of Fundamental and Applied Science at Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, Gujarat, India, and is the author or co-author of several peer-reviewed journal articles and eight conference papers and a newsletter. He is a reviewer and editorial board member of several peer-reviewed journals. He has been an active member of the organizing committees of several national and international seminars and conferences. Dr. Kumar received a BSc (Agriculture) from Acharya N. G. Ranga Agri- culture University through the all India combined entrance exam conducted by the Indian Council of Agriculture Research, India. After graduating from Acharya N. G. Ranga Agriculture University, he was selected for the MSc Biotechnology program of The Maharaha Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat, through the all India combined biotechnology entrance exam conducted by Department of Biotechnology (Govt. of India) and Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Along with completion of his postgraduation, with first class with distinction in Biochemistry, he qualified GATE, ICMR- JRF, UGC-NET exam of national repute. Later, he joined the PhD program in Biochemistry from The Maharaha Sayajirao University of Baroda. He was awarded an Indian Council of Medical Research Fellowship Award for the PhD from the Indian Council of Medical research, New Delhi, India. He worked as an Assistant Professor in Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat, from August 2011 to June 2012. viii About the Editors Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui, PhD Dr. Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui is an Assis- tant Professor and Scientist in the Depart- ment of Food Science and Post-Harvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, India, and author or co-author of 34 peer-reviewed research articles, 26 book chapters, 2 manuals, and 18 conference papers. He has 11 edited and one authored books to his credit, published by Elsevier, USA; CRC Press, USA; Springer, USA; and Apple Academic Press, USA. Dr. Siddiqui has established an international peer-reviewed journal, Journal of Postharvest Technology. He has been honored to be the Editor-in-Chief of two book series: “Postharvest Biology and Technology” and “Innovations in Horticultural Science,” being published by Apple Academic Press, USA. Dr. Siddiqui is also a Senior Acquisitions Editor for Apple Academic Press, for Horticul- tural Science. He has been serving as an editorial board member and active reviewer of several international journals, such as PLoS ONE, (PLOS), LWT—Food Science and Technology (Elsevier), Food Science and Nutri- tion (Wiley), Acta Physiologiae Plantarum (Springer), Journal of Food Science and Technology (Springer), Indian Journal of Agricultural Science (ICAR), etc. Recently, Dr. Siddiqui was conferred with the Best Citizen of India Award- 2016; Bharat Jyoti Award, 2016; Outstanding Researcher Award, 2016; Best Young Researcher Award, 2015; and the Young Scientist Award, 2015. He was also a recipient of the Young Achiever Award, 2014, for outstanding research work by the Society for Advancement of Human and Nature (SADHNA), Nauni, Himachal Pradesh, India, where he is an honorary board member and lifetime author. He has been an active member of the organizing committee of several national and international seminars/conferences/summits. He is one of the key members in establishing the World Food Preservation Center (WFPC), LLC, USA. Presently, he is an active associate and supporter of WFPC, LLC, USA. Considering his outstanding contribution in science and technology, his biography has been published in Asia Pacific Who’s Who and The Honored Best Citizens of India. About the Editors ix Dr. Siddiqui acquired his BSc (Agriculture) degree from Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, India. He received the MSc (Horticulture) and PhD (Horticulture) degrees from Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, India, with specialization in Postharvest Technology. He was awarded a Maulana Azad National Fellowship Award from the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India. He is a member of Core Research Group at the Bihar Agricultural University (BAU) where he is providing appropriate direction and assistance to sensitizing priority of the research. He has received several grants from various funding agen- cies to carry out his research projects. Dr. Siddiqui has been associated with postharvest biotechnology and processing aspects of horticultural crops. He is dynamically indulged in teaching (graduate and doctorate students) and research, and he has proved himself as an active scientist in the area of post- harvest biotechnology.