Planning in Wartime: Aircraft Production in Britain, Germany and the USA PDF
Preview Planning in Wartime: Aircraft Production in Britain, Germany and the USA
PLANNING IN WARTIME Planning in Wartime Aircraft Production in Britain, Germany and the USA Sir Alec Cairn cross Supernumerary Fellow, St Antony's College, Oxford and Chancellor, University of Glasgow Pal grave Macmillan ISBN 978-1-349-21304-7 ISBN 978-1-349-21302-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-21302-3 © Sir Alec Cairncross, 1991 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1991 All rights reserved. For information, write: Scholarly and Reference Division, St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 First published in the United States of America in 1991 ISBN 978-0-312-05346-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cairncross, Alec, Sir, 1911- Planning in wartime: aircraft production in Britain, Germany and the USA/ Alec Cairncross. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-312-05346-8 1. Aircraft industry-Great Britain-Military aspects-History. 2. Aircraft industry-Germany-Military aspects-History. 3. Aircraft industry-United States-Military aspects-History. 4. World War, 1939-194S-Equipment and supplies-Planning. 5. Industrial mobilization-History-20th century. I. Title. HD9711.G72C35 1991 91-43258 338.4'762913334'09044--dc20 CIP To the memory of Ely Devons Contents List of Tables and Figures IX List of Abbreviations X Preface X111 Introduction: Planning Aircraft Production xv Part I Great Britain 1 Planning and Coordination 3 2 Planning in MAP 7 A planning department? 7 The heavy bomber programme 8 Putting the statistics in order 10 Production programmes 13 Aircraft components 14 Aero-engines 15 Contracts 16 The role of production programmes 17 Technical guidance 19 Target or 'realistic' programmes 20 Control over programmes 24 Planning as coordination 25 Changes in programme 28 Ministerial changes in programme 31 The 'healthy' aircraft programme 41 3 Organisation 44 The planning staff 44 Ministers 46 Relations with top officials 48 Relations with the Air Ministry 54 Relations with the manufacturers 63 MAP and aircraft requirements 67 Labour supply 70 4 The Engine Programme 76 Development problems 76 vii viii Contents Coordination problems 77 Coordination with American supplies 79 Sharing out Packard engines 80 Expanding Packard 82 Problems of one- and two-stage Merlins 84 Bristol engines 86 Napier engines 90 Jet engines 91 5 Propeller Planning 92 Slowness in development 92 The propeller programme 93 Design changes 98 The propeller shortage 100 The rack type propeller 104 6 Conclusion 106 Part 11 Germany 7 Planning Aircraft Production in Germany 115 Background 115 Planning arrangements 117 The aircraft industry 122 The pattern of production 126 The acceleration in production 129 The Farren Mission 137 Jet aircraft 140 Spares and spare parts 144 Coordination of programmes 146 Conclusion 148 Appendix: The Heinkel162 149 Part III The United States 8 Planning Aircraft Production in the United States 157 Expanding production 157 Planning arrangements 158 Early programmes 161 The WPB and the military 165 Shortages 167 The process of expansion 171 Conclusion 179 Notes 181 Bibliography 191 Index 193 List of Tables and Figures Tables 6.1 UK Output of Aircraft, 1938-45 110 6.2 UK Aircraft Programmes, 1938-44 110 6.3 UK Output of Aircraft, Engines and Propellers, 1939-45 111 6.4 Employment on Munitions for MAP and Structure Weight of Aircraft Delivered, 1939-45 112 6.5 Output in Structure Weight of USA, UK, Germany and Japan 112 7.1 Output of German Aircraft, 1939-45 119 7.2 Planned and Actual Output of the Me 262 143 8.1 Production of Military Aircraft, 1939-45 163 8.2 US Output of Aircraft, Engines and Propellers, 1940-45 171 8.3 Growth of Floor Space in US Aircraft Industry, 1939-44 176 Figures 2.1 Deliveries of Heavy Bombers, Fighters and Trainers, 1938-45 9 3.1 Employment on Munitions for MAP and Structure Weight of Aircraft Delivered, 1939-45 72 ix List of Abbreviations AD Assistant Director AMSO Air Member for Supply and Organisation ANB Army and Navy Board APB Aircraft Production Board ARCO Aircraft Resources Control Office ASU Aircraft Scheduling Unit BMW Bayerische Motorenwerke BOAC British Overseas Airways Corporation BSC British Supply Council CE Chief Executive CFE Contractor furnished equipment CIGS Chief of the Imperial General Staff C-in-C Commander-in-Chief CMA Controller Materials Allocation CRD Controller of Research and Development CSU Constant speed unit DDGQP Deputy Director General of Equipment Production DDG Stats P Deputy Director General, Statistics and Planning Programmes DDRDA Deputy Director of Research and Development, Aircraft DGAP Director General of Aircraft Production DGAI Director General of Aeronautical Inspection DGCA Director General of Civil Aviation DGCE Director General of Communications Equipment DGE Director General of Equipment DGEMP Director General of Engines and Materials Production DRM Director of Repairs and Maintenance DTD Director of Technical Development GFE Government furnished equipment ICI Imperial Chemical Industries JAC Joint Aircraft Commission MAP Ministry of Aircraft Production NDAC National Defence Advisory Committee OPM Office of Production Management POAE Principal Officer for Aircraft Equipment x List of Abbreviations Xl RAF Royal Air Force Rand D Research and Development RLM Reichsluftfahrtministerium RPO Resident Production Officer RTO Resident Technical Officer WPB War Production Board USSBS United States Strategic Bombing Survey VCIGS Vice-Chief of the Imperial General Staff
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