Planning for Climate Change: Strategies for Mitigation and Adaptation for Spatial Planners

344 Pages·2009·2.62 MB·English

by  Simin Davoudi

PLANNING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE - Hardback (ppc) - spine 23.2mm - trim 246x189mm
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Climate change is changing the context of ‘This book is an exceptionally valuable resource L
spatial planning and shaping its priorities. It and comes at the moment of greatest need – A
has strengthened its environmental dimension putting climate change mitigation and N
and has become a new rationale for adaptation into practice is now an imperative N
coordinating actions and integrating different for all spatial planning practitioners.’ I
policy priorities. N
Robert Upton, Secretary General, Royal Town
G PLANNING FOR
This book sets out the economic, social and Planning Institute

environmental challenges that climate change F
raises for urban and regional planners, and O
explores current and potential responses. R
CLIMATE CHANGE
These are set within the context of recent
C
research and scholarly works on the role of
Simin Davoudi is Professor of Environmental L
spatial planning in combating climate change.
Policy and Planning and Deputy Director of the I
M Strategies for Mitigation and
Addressing both mitigation measures for Institute for Research on Environment and
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and Sustainability (IRES) at Newcastle University. A
T
adaptation to the effects of climate change, Adaptation for Spatial Planners
Jenny Crawford is an urban and regional E
the book provides an overview of emerging
planner and Head of Research at the Royal
practice, with analysis of the drivers of policy C
Town Planning Institute.
change and practical implementation of H
measures. It scopes planning issues and Abid Mehmood is working on environment, A Edited by Simin Davoudi, Jenny Crawford
opportunities at different spatial scales, sustainability and climate change at the N
drawing on both the UK and international Institute for Research on Environment and G and Abid Mehmood
experiences, and highlighting the need to link Sustainability (IRES) and Global Urban E
global and local responses to shared risks Research Unit (GURU), Newcastle University.
and opportunities.
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PLANNING FOR
CLIMATE CHANGE

PLANNING FOR
CLIMATE CHANGE
STRATEGIES FOR MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION
FOR SPATIAL PLANNERS
Edited by Simin Davoudi,Jenny Crawford and Abid Mehmood
London • Sterling,VA
First published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2009
Copyright © Professor Simin Davoudi,Jenny Crawford and Abid Mehmood 2009
All rights reserved
ISBN:978-1-84407-662-8
Typeset by MapSet Ltd,Gateshead,UK
Cover design by Rob Watts
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Planning for climate change :strategies for mitigation and adaptation for spatial planners / edited by Simin
Davoudi,Jenny Crawford and Abid Mehmood.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical referecnes and index.
ISBN 978-1-84407-662-8 (hardback)
1.Regional planning.2.Spatial behavior.3.Climatic changes.I.Davoudi,Siin.II.Crawford,Jenny.III.
Mehmood,Abid.
HT391.P5443 2009
307.1'2–dc22
2009009652
At Earthscan we strive to minimize our environmental impacts and carbon footprint through reducing waste,
recycling and offsetting our CO emissions,including those created through publication of this book.For more
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details of our environmental policy,see www.earthscan.co.uk.
This book was printed in the UK by TJ International,an ISO 14001 accredited company.
The paper used is FSC certified and the inks are vegetable based.
The paper used for this book is FSC-certified and
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Contents
List of Figures,Tables and Boxes ix
List of Contributors xi
Preface and Acknowledgements xix
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xxi
Part 1 The Challenge of Climate Change:Adaptation,
Mitigation and Vulnerability
Introduction to Part 1 3
Simin Davoudi
Chapter 1 Climate Change and Spatial Planning Responses 7
Simin Davoudi,Jenny Crawford and Abid Mehmood
Chapter 2 Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Developed Nations:
A Critical Perspective on the Adaptation Turn in Urban Climate Planning 19
Jeff Howard
Chapter 3 Urban Form and Climate Change:Towards Appropriate Development
Patterns to Mitigate and Adapt to Global Warming 33
Rafael Pizarro
Chapter 4 Patterns of Settlement Compared 46
Nick Green and John Handley
Chapter 5 Transport Policies and Climate Change 55
David Banister and Jillian Anable
Chapter 6 Transitioning Away from Oil:A Transport Planning Case Study with
Emphasis on US and Australian Cities 70
Peter Newman
Chapter 7 Climate Change Vulnerability:A New Threat to Poverty Alleviation in
Developing Countries 83
Kirsten Halsnæs and Nethe Veje Laursen
Chapter 8 Climate Change Vulnerability:Planning Challenges for Small Islands 94
Thanasis Kizos,Ioannis Spilanis and Abid Mehmood
vi Planning for Climate Change
Part 2 Strategic Planning Responses
Introduction to Part 2 107
Jenny Crawford
Chapter 9 The Territorial Agenda of the European Union – Progress for
Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation? 111
Olivier Sykes and Thomas Fischer
Chapter 10 California’s Climate Change Planning:Policy Innovation and
Structural Hurdles 125
Stephen Wheeler
Chapter 11 Climate Change and Australian Urban Resilience:The Limits of
Ecological Modernization as an Adaptive Strategy 136
Jason Byrne,Brendan Gleeson,Michael Howes and Wendy Steele
Chapter 12 Beyond a Technical Response:New Growth-management Experiments
in Canada 155
Pamela Robinson
Chapter 13 Planning for Offshore Wind Energy in Northern Europe 167
Stephen Jay
Chapter 14 Sustainable Construction and Design in UK Planning 181
Yvonne Rydin
Chapter 15 Making Space for Water:Spatial Planning and Water Management in
the Netherlands 191
Jochem de Vries and Maarten Wolsink
Chapter 16 Climate Change and Flood Risk Methodologies in the UK 205
Andrew Coleman
Part 3 Implementation,Governance and Engagement
Introduction to Part 3 219
Abid Mehmood
Chapter 17 Use of Scenarios for Climate Change Adaptation in Spatial Planning 223
Elizabeth Wilson
Chapter 18 Integrated Assessment to Support Regional and Local Decision Making 236
Jim Hall
Chapter 19 Planning for Green Infrastructure:Adapting to Climate Change 249
Susannah Gill,John Handley,Roland Ennos and Paul Nolan
Contents vii
Chapter 20 A Climate of Planning:Swedish Municipal Responses to Climate Change 262
Richard Langlais
Chapter 21 Moving Cities Towards a Sustainable Low Carbon Energy Future:
Learning from Woking and London 272
Allan Jones
Chapter 22 Planning and Governance of Climate Change 284
Harriet Bulkeley
Chapter 23 Public Engagement in Planning for Renewable Energy 297
Claire Haggett
Index 308

List of Figures, Tables
and Boxes
Figures
1.1 World GHG emissions by sector in 2000,percentage 9
1.2 Climate change – an integrated framework 13
2.1 Simple conceptualization of the relationship between mitigation and adaptation 21
2.2 Integrated model of climate change adaptation 27
3.1 Compact urban form in the town centre of Cartagena,Colombia 36
3.2 New suburban developments in the outskirts of Cartagena,Colombia 37
6.1 The waves of economic innovation showing the booms and busts related to how cities
have adopted technologies and built themselves around these 72
6.2 City ratios for car travel and public transport use 74
8.1 Islands of the North and South Aegean Regions,Greece 97
10.1 GHG emissions sources in California 126
10.2 Timetable for Implementation of AB32 in California 128
11.1 Gold Coast built environment 148
11.2 Sustainable house,Gold Coast 149
12.1 EcoDensity in Context 163
13.1 Horns Rev offshore wind farm,Denmark 168
13.2 Potential offshore wind farm sites in Danish waters 173
13.3 The Kreigers Flak projects,Baltic Sea 176
16.1 Application of the Sequential Test at the Local Development Document level 210
16.2 Relationship between flood risk assessments and spatial planning (England) 212
16.3 Recommended content of flood risk assessments 213
17.1 Four socio-economic scenarios for the UK 228
17.2 Four socio-economic scenarios for the Netherlands 228
18.1 The Foresight Futures scenario grid 241
18.2 Overview of the integrated assessment methodology for GHG emissions and climate
impacts analysis 241
18.3 Erosion on the cliffed coast of north Norfolk over 100 years under varied climate
change scenarios and assuming no engineering intervention 243
18.4 Typical outputs from the Foresight scenario analysis of changes in flood risk in England
and Wales 244
18.5 Visualization of coastal simulations 246
19.1 Percentage of evapotranspiring (i.e.vegetated and water) surfaces in Greater Manchester
(assuming the average from the photo interpretation of sample points within urban
morphology type categories) 252
19.2 Maximum surface temperature for the 98th percentile summer day in high density
residential areas,with current form and when 10 per cent green cover is added or
removed.Dashed line shows the temperature for the 1961–1990 current form case 253