Planning and Designing Research Animal Facilities (American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine)

517 Pages·2008·12.13 MB·English

by  Jack Hessler

Planning and Designing Research Animal Facilities
AMERICAN COLLEGE OF LABORATORY ANIMAL MEDICINE SERIES
Steven H. Weisbroth, Ronald E. Flatt and Alan L. Kraus, eds:
The Biology of the Laboratory Rabbit, 1974
Joseph E. Wagner and Patrick J. Manning, eds:
The Biology of the Guinea Pig, 1976
Edwin J. Andrews, Billy C. Ward and Norman H. Altman, eds:
Spontaneous Animal Models of Human Disease, Volume 1, 1979; Volume 2, 1980
Henry J. Baker, J. Russell Lindsey and Steven H. Weisbroth, eds:
The Laboratory Rat, Volume I: Biology and Diseases, 1979; Volume II: Research Applications, 1980
Henry L Foster, J. David Small and James G. Fox, eds:
The Mouse in Biomedical Research, Volume I: History, Genetics and Wild Mice, 1981; Volume II: Diseases, 1982;
Volume III: Normative Biology, Immunology and Husbandry, 1983; Volume IV: Experimental Biology and Oncology
James G. Fox, Bennett J. Cohen and Franklin M. Loew, eds:
Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1984
G. L. Van Hoosier Jr and Charles W. McPherson, eds:
Laboratory Hamsters, 1987
Patrick J. Manning, Daniel H. Ringler and Christian E. Newcomer, eds:
The Biology of the Laboratory Rabbit, second edition, 1994
B. Taylor Bennett, Christian R. Abee and Roy Henrickson, eds:
Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, Biology and Management, 1995
Dennis F. Kohn, Sally K. Wixson, William J. White and G. John Benson, eds:
Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, 1997
B. Taylor Bennett, Christian R. Abee and Roy Henrickson, eds:
Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research, Diseases, 1998
James G. Fox, Lynn C. Anderson, Franklin M. Loew and Fred W. Quimby, eds:
Laboratory Animal Medicine, second edition, 2002
Mark A. Suckow, Steven H. Weisbroth and Craig L. Franklin, eds:
The Laboratory Rat, second edition, 2006
James G. Fox, Stephen W. Barthold, Muriel T. Davisson, Christian E. Newcomer,
Fred W. Quimby and Abigail L. Smith, eds:
The Mouse in Biomedical Research, second edition, 2007, Volume I: History, Wild Mice, and
Genetics; Volume II: Diseases; Volume III: Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models; Volume IV: Immunology
Richard E. Fish, Peggy J. Danneman, Marilyn Brown and Alicia Z. Karas, eds:
Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, second edition, 2008
Jack R. Hessler and Noel Lehner, eds:
Planning and Designing Research Animal Facilities
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PLANNING AND DESIGNING RESEARCH
ANIMAL FACILITIES
EDITED BY
Jack R. Hessler
Hessler Consulting, LLC
Laytonsville, Maryland
USA
and
Noel D.M. Lehner
Emory University
School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
USA
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ISBN: 978-0-12-369517-8
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09 10 11 12 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Food for Thought vii Chapter 8 Cost 85
List of Contributors ix
Larry W. Smith, Carol Orndorff and
List of Reviewers xi
Noel D.M. Lehner
Preface xiii
Section II–Design Concepts and Considerations
Introduction
Jack R. Hessler and Noel D.M. Lehner xv Chapter 9 Circulation 95
Pierre A. Conti and Jack R. Hessler
Section I–General Considerations Chapter 10 Functional Adjacencies 107
Chapter 1 Goals and Objectives for Research Jack R. Hessler
Animal Facilities 3
Jack R. Hessler and Steven L. Leary Chapter 11 Vivarium Esthetics and Visual
Design 109
Chapter 2 Master Planning and Animal Facility Josh S. Meyer and
Location 5 J. Erik Mollo-Christensen
Michele M. (Smith) Bailey and James Lew
Chapter 12 Ergonomic Considerations and
Chapter 3 A Team Process from Programming Allergen Management 115
to Commissioning 13
Michael J. Huerkamp, Michael A. Gladle,
Robert E. Faith, Mark A. Corey and Michael P. Mottet and Kathy Forde
Rachel Nelan
Chapter 13 Interstitial Mechanical Space 129
Chapter 4 The Planning, Design and
Steven L. Leary and Josh S. Meyer
Construction Process 17
John N. Norton and Alex B. Brouwer
Chapter 14 Hazard-resistant Building
Construction 135
Chapter 5 Pre-occupancy Planning, Commission,
Catherine M. Vogelweid, James B.
Qualifi cation and Validation Testing 45
Hill and Robert A. Shea
Michael J. Kuntz and Hilton J. Klein
Chapter 15 Animal Isolation Cubicles 151
Chapter 6 Regulatory Issues 53
Jack R. Hessler and William R. Britz
Harry Rozmiarek
Chapter 7 Environmental Considerations for Chapter 16 Modular Buildings 173
Research Animals 59
Clifford R. Roberts and
Robert E. Faith and Michael J. Huerkamp William E. Britz, Jr
vi CONTENTS
Chapter 17 Common Facility Design Errors Section IV–Systems
and Problems 179
Chapter 27 Introduction to Specifi cations:
Noel D.M. Lehner and Jack R. Hessler
General Considerations and
Division 1 379
Section III–Facility Design James F. Riley, Mark E. Fitzgerald and
Noel D.M. Lehner
A: General
Chapter 28 Structure 385
Chapter 18 Animal Care and Administration
Space 187 Mark A. Corey, John O. Bauch, Tom E.
Gatzke and Robert E. Faith
Robert E. Faith, Mark A. Corey and
Rachel Nelan
Chapter 29 Doors and Hardware: Practical
Choices 389
Chapter 19 Animal-use Space 203
J. Erik Mollo-Christensen
Herod Howard and Yvonne K. Foucher
Chapter 30 Finish Decisions 397
B: Species-specifi c Housing Space Ned Leverage and Clifford R. Roberts
Chapter 20 Rodent Facilities and Caging
Chapter 31 Special Fixed Equipment for
Systems 265
Research AnimalFacilities 409
Neil S. Lipman
Hilton J. Klein, Michael J. Kuntz and
Jack R. Hessler
Chapter 21 Facilities for Non-human Primates 289
Rudolf P. (Skip) Bohm Jr and E. Scott Chapter 32 Plumbing: Special Considerations 425
Kreitlein
Robert C. Dysko, Michael J. Huerkamp,
Karl E. Yrjanainen, Stacey Smart,
Chapter 22 Facilities for Dogs, Swine, Sheep,
Robert Curran, Carrie J. Maute and
Goats and Miscellaneous Species 313
Wesley D. Thompson
Donald B. Casebolt
Chapter 33 Electrical: Special Considerations 455
Chapter 23 Aquatic Facilities 323
Jack R. Hessler
Helen E. Diggs and John M. Parker
Chapter 34 Heating, Ventilation and Air
Conditioning (HVAC): Special
C: Special Facilities
Considerations 461
Chapter 24 Barrier Housing for Rodents 335 Jack R. Hessler and Daniel P. Frasier
Jack R. Hessler
Chapter 35 Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) in Laboratory Animal
Chapter 25 Biohazards: Safety Practices,
Facilities 479
Operations and Containment
Facilities 347 Scott D. Reynolds
Noel D.M. Lehner, Jonathan T. Crane,
Index 489
Michael P. Mottet and Mark E. Fitzgerald
Chapter 26 Quarantine Facilities and
Operations 365
Michael J. Huerkamp and Jennifer
K. Pullium
Food for Thought
In the fi rst, and until this book, only comprehensive book The following echoes Ruskin’s sentiment:
on the subject of planning laboratory animal facilities edited
Cheap is not necessarily inexpensive and all too frequently it is not.
by Theodorus Ruys and published by Van Nostrand Reinhold
in 1991, Ted included the following quotation that the editors
Also relevant to planning and designing research animal
of this book consider worth repeating:
facilities is the following sentiment:
I t’s unwise to pay too much … but it’s worse to pay too little. When
I f a poor design makes a routine task diffi cult to do, it will not be done
you pay too much, you lose a little money … that is all. When you pay
routinely and certainly will not be done effi ciently.
too little, you sometimes lose everything, because the thing you bought
Jack R. Hessler
was incapable of doing the thing it was bought to do. The common law
Noel D. M. Lehner
of business balance prohibits paying a little and getting a lot … it can’t
be done. If you deal with the lowest bidder it is well to add something
for the risk you run. And if you do that, you will have enough to pay
for something better.
John Ruskin
vii
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List of Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors’ contributions begin.
MICHELE M. BAILEY (5), Research Animal Resources, MARK E. FITZGERALD (347, 379), CUH2A, Inc., Atlanta,
Laboratory Animal Services, Cornell University, Ithaca, Georgia 30361-6316.
New York 14853-6401.
KATHY FORDE (115), Senior Physical Therapist, Atlanta,
JOHN O. BAUCH (385), Flad Architects, Madison, Wisconsin Georgia 30341.
53711.
YVONNE K. FOUCHER (203), Research Animal Facility
RUDOLF P. BOHM JR (289), Tulane Regional Primate Research Consultant, Tucson, Arizona 85718.
Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433.
DANIEL P. FRASIER (461), Cornerstone Commissioning, Inc.,
WILLIAM E. BRITZ JR (173), Britz & Company, Wheatland, Boxford, Massachusetts 01921-0911.
Wyoming 82201.
TOM E. GATZKE (385), Flad Architects, Madison, Wisconsin
WILLIAM R. BRITZ (151), Britz & Company, Wheatland, 53711.
Wyoming 82201.
MICHAEL A. GLADLE (115), Environmental Health and Safety
ALEX B. BROUWER (17), EwingCole, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Offi ce, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York 13346.
19106-1590.
JACK R. HESSLER (3, 95, 107, 151, 179, 335, 409, 455, 461),
DONALD B. CASEBOLT (313), Department of Animal Resources, Hessler Consulting, LLC, Laytonsville, Maryland, 20882.
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
90033. JAMES B. HILL (135), BSA Lifestructures, Inc., Indianapolis,
Indiana 46240.
P IERRE A. CONTI (95), Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Flourtown,
Pennsylvania 19031-1908. HEROD L. HOWARD (203), The Scripps Research Institute, La
Jolla, California 92037.
MARK A. COREY (13, 187, 385), Flad Architects, Madison,
Wisconsin 53711. MICHAEL J. HUERKAMP (59, 115, 365, 425), Division of Animal
Resources, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.
JONATHAN T. CRANE (347), CUH2A, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia
30361-6316. HILTON J. KLEIN JR (45, 409), Department of Laboratory
Animal Research, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point,
ROBERT CURRAN (425), Edstrom Industries, Inc., Waterford,
Pennsylvania 19486.
Wisconsin 53185.
HELEN E. DIGGS (323), Offi ce of Laboratory Animal Care, E. SCOTT KREITLEIN (289), CUH2A, Atlanta, Georgia
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 30361-6316.
94720-7150.
MICHAEL J. KUNTZ (45, 409), Department of Laboratory
ROBERT C. DYSKO (425), Unit for Laboratory Animal Animal Resources, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck&
Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Co. Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486.
48109.
STEVEN L. LEARY (3, 129), Veterinary Affairs, Division of
R OBERT E. FAITH (13, 59, 187, 385), Animal Resource Center, Comparative Medicine, Washington University School of
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226. Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110.
ix