Planning and Appraisal Manual for Secondary Education

160 Pages·2012·6.51 MB·English

Secondary Education
Planning and Appraisal Manual
S.M.I.A. Zaidi
K. Biswal
N. K. Mohanty
A. A. C. Lal
National University of Educational Planning and Administration
17-B, Sri Aurobindo Marg
New Delhi – 110016
January 2012
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Anshu Vaish
First Published: April 2012 (5H) ubZ fnYyh & 1100 115
Secretary
Government of India
Ministry of Human Resource Developement
Department of School Education & Literacy
124 'C' Wing, Shastri Bhavan, New Delhi-110 115
Tel. : [phone] Fax : [phone]
by National University of Educational Planning and Administration (NUEPA)
E-mail : [email protected]
(Declared by the Government of India Under Section No. 3 of the UGC Act 1956)
17-B, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi 110 016
http://www.nuepa.org FOREWORD
The 'Secondary Education: Planning and Appraisal that policymakers, implementers, school
Manual' has been developed by the National administrators, teachers, and others involved in
University of Educational Planning and secondary education will find it useful as they engage
© NUEPA, 2012 Administration (NUEPA) for the Rashtriya with the strengths and weaknesses, the challenges
Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), which was and opportunities of the secondary education sector.
launched in March, 2009 with the objective of
I place on record my deep appreciation for the
All Views expressed in the manual are those of the Author and should not be attributed to NUEPA universalizing quality secondary education.
concerted effort and hard work put in by the NUEPA
The task of developing this Manual was challenging team under the leadership of Prof. R. Govinda, Vice
as it is intended to be used by all States and Union Chancellor. In particular, I would like to
Territories in formulating their plans for expansion, acknowledge the contribution of Prof. S.M.I.A.
All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without prior written
inclusion and excellence at the secondary level of Zaidi, Dr K. Biswal, Dr N.K. Mohanty and Shri
permission of the publisher.
education. Varying ecological, socio-economic and A.A.C.Lal, Consultant, who made up the core of the
educational conditions added to its complexity. I team at NUEPA.
thank NUEPA for undertaking this task of great
Thanks are also due to the Secondary Education
importance for effective and meaningful planning
Bureau in the Ministry of HRD, under the leadership
and implementation of the RMSA.
of the former and present Joint Secretaries, and the
The Manual deals with the approaches, RMSA Technical Support Group for their constant
methodologies and technical aspects of plan involvement and support.
formulation and appraisal, as per the norms of
Published by the Registrar, National University of Educational Planning and Administration
RMSA. However, it is expected that this Manual will
(NUEPA) through Publication Unit, NUEPA
go beyond planning and appraisal under RMSA and
will support such exercises under other centrally
(Anshu Vaish)
sponsored schemes dealing with secondary
New Delhi
education as well. Thus the hope is that this Manual
December 22, 2011
Printed at: Viba Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi will also function as a tool for convergence of
programmes related to secondary education. I trust
iii
Hkkjr ljdkj
va'kq oS';
ekuo lalk/u fodkl ea=kky;
lfpo
Ldwy f'k{kk vkSj lk{kjrk foHkkx
Anshu Vaish
First Published: April 2012 (5H) ubZ fnYyh & 1100 115
Secretary
Government of India
Ministry of Human Resource Developement
Department of School Education & Literacy
124 'C' Wing, Shastri Bhavan, New Delhi-110 115
Tel. : [phone] Fax : [phone]
by National University of Educational Planning and Administration (NUEPA)
E-mail : [email protected]
(Declared by the Government of India Under Section No. 3 of the UGC Act 1956)
17-B, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi 110 016
http://www.nuepa.org FOREWORD
The 'Secondary Education: Planning and Appraisal that policymakers, implementers, school
Manual' has been developed by the National administrators, teachers, and others involved in
University of Educational Planning and secondary education will find it useful as they engage
© NUEPA, 2012 Administration (NUEPA) for the Rashtriya with the strengths and weaknesses, the challenges
Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), which was and opportunities of the secondary education sector.
launched in March, 2009 with the objective of
I place on record my deep appreciation for the
All Views expressed in the manual are those of the Author and should not be attributed to NUEPA universalizing quality secondary education.
concerted effort and hard work put in by the NUEPA
The task of developing this Manual was challenging team under the leadership of Prof. R. Govinda, Vice
as it is intended to be used by all States and Union Chancellor. In particular, I would like to
Territories in formulating their plans for expansion, acknowledge the contribution of Prof. S.M.I.A.
All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without prior written
inclusion and excellence at the secondary level of Zaidi, Dr K. Biswal, Dr N.K. Mohanty and Shri
permission of the publisher.
education. Varying ecological, socio-economic and A.A.C.Lal, Consultant, who made up the core of the
educational conditions added to its complexity. I team at NUEPA.
thank NUEPA for undertaking this task of great
Thanks are also due to the Secondary Education
importance for effective and meaningful planning
Bureau in the Ministry of HRD, under the leadership
and implementation of the RMSA.
of the former and present Joint Secretaries, and the
The Manual deals with the approaches, RMSA Technical Support Group for their constant
methodologies and technical aspects of plan involvement and support.
formulation and appraisal, as per the norms of
Published by the Registrar, National University of Educational Planning and Administration
RMSA. However, it is expected that this Manual will
(NUEPA) through Publication Unit, NUEPA
go beyond planning and appraisal under RMSA and
will support such exercises under other centrally
(Anshu Vaish)
sponsored schemes dealing with secondary
New Delhi
education as well. Thus the hope is that this Manual
December 22, 2011
Printed at: Viba Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi will also function as a tool for convergence of
programmes related to secondary education. I trust
iii
PREFACE
The country has made big strides during the last six Therefore, several existing schemes related to
decades in the field of school education, with secondary education are being gradually subsumed
unprecedented expansion of school infrastructure under the umbrella of RMSA. The challenge also lies
and student enrolment. What initially began as a in promoting complementarity among the
move towards universalising elementary education approaches, interventions and resources of these
through Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan got greater fillip and schemes. The RMSA envisages greater role for
a new perspective with the Right to Education Act. communities, panchayati raj institutions and other
Consequent to these developments there has been an stake holders in all aspects of planning and
increasing demand for secondary education in the implementation, leading to considerable devolution
country. Further, there is a clear realization that with and decentralization of authority and management
the emergence of a knowledge based society functions. Therefore, a very pragmatic approach is
secondary education has to be treated as basic needed in development and appraisal of district and
requirement for personal progress in life, as well as state level secondary education plans prepared under
for meeting national development goals. In this RMSA. Sufficient technical knowledge to deal with
context, the launch of the 'Rashtriya Madhyamik quantitative aspects and also to meaningfully
Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)' in 2009 to achieve address issues of quality is needed. It is a challenging
universal secondary education in a mission mode task to build the capacity of the planning teams
marked a major step in this direction. The vision of constituted at the state and district levels for
this programme is to make good quality education planning and management of the secondary
available, accessible and affordable to all young education in their respective areas under RMSA
persons in the age of 14-18 years. programme.
Planning, designing, appraising and monitoring Considering the expertise available in the National
progress in implementation of RMSA programme at University of Educational Planning and
the district and state levels is a challenging task. The Administration (NUEPA), the pivotal role played by
challenge of planning secondary education under its Faculty in drawing the contours of RMSA, and the
RMSA could be attributed to its unique features, long experience it has acquired in guiding and
including addressing the needs of children from a training of state and district planning teams in
pluralist socio-economic, educational and cultural planning and appraisal of district education plans,
backgrounds; meeting their needs and aspirations to the Department of School Education and Literacy,
continue with higher education or entering the Ministry of HRD, Government of India desired that
world of work. Efforts in the area of secondary NUEPA may develop a 'Planning and Appraisal
education are, of course, not altogether new. Manual for Secondary Education'. In response, this
v
PREFACE
The country has made big strides during the last six Therefore, several existing schemes related to
decades in the field of school education, with secondary education are being gradually subsumed
unprecedented expansion of school infrastructure under the umbrella of RMSA. The challenge also lies
and student enrolment. What initially began as a in promoting complementarity among the
move towards universalising elementary education approaches, interventions and resources of these
through Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan got greater fillip and schemes. The RMSA envisages greater role for
a new perspective with the Right to Education Act. communities, panchayati raj institutions and other
Consequent to these developments there has been an stake holders in all aspects of planning and
increasing demand for secondary education in the implementation, leading to considerable devolution
country. Further, there is a clear realization that with and decentralization of authority and management
the emergence of a knowledge based society functions. Therefore, a very pragmatic approach is
secondary education has to be treated as basic needed in development and appraisal of district and
requirement for personal progress in life, as well as state level secondary education plans prepared under
for meeting national development goals. In this RMSA. Sufficient technical knowledge to deal with
context, the launch of the 'Rashtriya Madhyamik quantitative aspects and also to meaningfully
Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)' in 2009 to achieve address issues of quality is needed. It is a challenging
universal secondary education in a mission mode task to build the capacity of the planning teams
marked a major step in this direction. The vision of constituted at the state and district levels for
this programme is to make good quality education planning and management of the secondary
available, accessible and affordable to all young education in their respective areas under RMSA
persons in the age of 14-18 years. programme.
Planning, designing, appraising and monitoring Considering the expertise available in the National
progress in implementation of RMSA programme at University of Educational Planning and
the district and state levels is a challenging task. The Administration (NUEPA), the pivotal role played by
challenge of planning secondary education under its Faculty in drawing the contours of RMSA, and the
RMSA could be attributed to its unique features, long experience it has acquired in guiding and
including addressing the needs of children from a training of state and district planning teams in
pluralist socio-economic, educational and cultural planning and appraisal of district education plans,
backgrounds; meeting their needs and aspirations to the Department of School Education and Literacy,
continue with higher education or entering the Ministry of HRD, Government of India desired that
world of work. Efforts in the area of secondary NUEPA may develop a 'Planning and Appraisal
education are, of course, not altogether new. Manual for Secondary Education'. In response, this
v
National University of Educational Planning and Administration
manual has been prepared with the purpose of education. Efforts have been made to bring out the
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
equipping the planning teams with knowledge and manual at a time when states and UTs are initiating
skills relevant to planning for secondary education, activities to develop their annual work plan and
developing need-based secondary education plan budget, under the RMSA programme, for the year
using appropriate methodology and techniques, 2012-13, with the hope of getting improved district
developing capacity for involving communities, PRIs and state plans.
and other stake holders in plan preparation and, The country has made tremendous progress in the Under these schemes, and especially for the
finally, providing necessary inputs for undertaking The manual has been developed by a team consisting field of education since independence. However, the implementation of the RMSA, the states are expected
the appraisal of secondary education plans. Care has of Prof. S.M.I.A Zaidi, Dr. K.K. Biswal and Dr. N.K. progress does not seem be uniform across various to develop their plans and submit them for appraisal
been taken to make the manual user friendly by Mohanty of Department of Educational Planning levels and it may be noted that progress made in the and approval of the Government of India. The focus
casting it in the form of self-learning material which and Shri A.A.C. Lal, Consultant of NUEPA. I highly area of secondary education has been relatively slow. in RMSA has been on developing the District
may be suitable for the users at different levels. The appreciate their contribution in undertaking and The access to secondary education is still a serious Secondary Education Plan (DSEP) by all districts
first part of the manual focuses on providing successfully completing the task of developing the concern in many educationally backward states of and also developing state level secondary education
knowledge about the methodology of plan manual. I am confident that this manual will help the the country. The development of secondary plans on the basis of the DSEPs. It was felt that a
formulation, developing skills to use techniques of state and district planning teams as well as other education has been, more or less, exclusively the manual needs to be developed for facilitating the
population and enrolment projection and equip the professionals who are working in the area of responsibility of state governments and UT district and state teams for planning and
users to set targets. This part also provides technical planning and management of secondary education administration, and the states could not, for some implementation of these schemes, specifically
notes on computing the performance indicators in the country. reason or the other, focus on this sector of education RMSA. Keeping this in view, NUEPA, on the request
related to secondary education. The second part properly. Further, the role of central government has of Department of Schools Education and Literacy,
provides details of plan formulation in terms of also been almost negligible in development of Ministry of HRD, Government of India, developed
preparing the perspective plan and the Annual Work (R. Govinda) secondary education in the country. this Manual, which not only covers the planning but
Plan and Budget. The third part of the manual Vice-Chancellor also the appraisal of secondary education plans to be
It is heartening to note that in the Eleventh Five Year
exclusively deals with various aspects of appraisal, NUEPA, New Delhi developed in the states under these above mentioned
Plan the Government of India had given lot of
such as purpose and approach of appraisal, process of centrally sponsored secondary education schemes.
emphasis to development of secondary education
appraisal and aspects to be looked into or reviewed
and the allocation for this sector has been increased This manual is an outcome of a meticulous process
while appraising different components. It also
many fold in the Eleventh plan, as compared to the under which very valuable inputs have been
provides an overview of different issues concerning
allocations made in the Tenth Five Year Plan. Several provided by several organizations, individuals and
planning and appraisal of social sector programmes,
centrally sponsored schemes have been launched in stakeholders. We gratefully acknowledge the
especially those relating to secondary education.
the country for the development of secondary contributions made by each of them. At the outset,
The draft of the manual was discussed in several education, namely: Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha we acknowledge our heartfelt thanks to the officials
rounds of meetings and accordingly underwent Abhiyan (RMSA), Model Schools, Girls' Hostel, of Department of School Education and Literacy,
changes to accommodate suggestions and ICT@schools, Integrated Education for Disabled in Ministry of HRD, Government of India, for showing
observations given by national and international Secondary Schools (IEDSS), National Means cum faith in us and assigning us the responsibility of
organizations, GOI and of the participating states Merit Scholarship (NMMS), Incentive for Girls, developing this manual. We are especially grateful to
and UTs. The revised draft of the manual was Vocational Education and Language Teachers. Out Ms. Anshu Vaish, Secretary, Department of School
thoroughly discussed in two training programmes of these nine schemes the highest allocation in the Education and Literacy, Ministry of HRD,
organized at NUEPA involving state and district level Eleventh Five Year Plan has been made for the RMSA Government of India, for writing Foreword of this
officers responsible for management of secondary programme. document. We put on records our thanks to Shri S.C.
vi vii
National University of Educational Planning and Administration
manual has been prepared with the purpose of education. Efforts have been made to bring out the
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
equipping the planning teams with knowledge and manual at a time when states and UTs are initiating
skills relevant to planning for secondary education, activities to develop their annual work plan and
developing need-based secondary education plan budget, under the RMSA programme, for the year
using appropriate methodology and techniques, 2012-13, with the hope of getting improved district
developing capacity for involving communities, PRIs and state plans.
and other stake holders in plan preparation and, The country has made tremendous progress in the Under these schemes, and especially for the
finally, providing necessary inputs for undertaking The manual has been developed by a team consisting field of education since independence. However, the implementation of the RMSA, the states are expected
the appraisal of secondary education plans. Care has of Prof. S.M.I.A Zaidi, Dr. K.K. Biswal and Dr. N.K. progress does not seem be uniform across various to develop their plans and submit them for appraisal
been taken to make the manual user friendly by Mohanty of Department of Educational Planning levels and it may be noted that progress made in the and approval of the Government of India. The focus
casting it in the form of self-learning material which and Shri A.A.C. Lal, Consultant of NUEPA. I highly area of secondary education has been relatively slow. in RMSA has been on developing the District
may be suitable for the users at different levels. The appreciate their contribution in undertaking and The access to secondary education is still a serious Secondary Education Plan (DSEP) by all districts
first part of the manual focuses on providing successfully completing the task of developing the concern in many educationally backward states of and also developing state level secondary education
knowledge about the methodology of plan manual. I am confident that this manual will help the the country. The development of secondary plans on the basis of the DSEPs. It was felt that a
formulation, developing skills to use techniques of state and district planning teams as well as other education has been, more or less, exclusively the manual needs to be developed for facilitating the
population and enrolment projection and equip the professionals who are working in the area of responsibility of state governments and UT district and state teams for planning and
users to set targets. This part also provides technical planning and management of secondary education administration, and the states could not, for some implementation of these schemes, specifically
notes on computing the performance indicators in the country. reason or the other, focus on this sector of education RMSA. Keeping this in view, NUEPA, on the request
related to secondary education. The second part properly. Further, the role of central government has of Department of Schools Education and Literacy,
provides details of plan formulation in terms of also been almost negligible in development of Ministry of HRD, Government of India, developed
preparing the perspective plan and the Annual Work (R. Govinda) secondary education in the country. this Manual, which not only covers the planning but
Plan and Budget. The third part of the manual Vice-Chancellor also the appraisal of secondary education plans to be
It is heartening to note that in the Eleventh Five Year
exclusively deals with various aspects of appraisal, NUEPA, New Delhi developed in the states under these above mentioned
Plan the Government of India had given lot of
such as purpose and approach of appraisal, process of centrally sponsored secondary education schemes.
emphasis to development of secondary education
appraisal and aspects to be looked into or reviewed
and the allocation for this sector has been increased This manual is an outcome of a meticulous process
while appraising different components. It also
many fold in the Eleventh plan, as compared to the under which very valuable inputs have been
provides an overview of different issues concerning
allocations made in the Tenth Five Year Plan. Several provided by several organizations, individuals and
planning and appraisal of social sector programmes,
centrally sponsored schemes have been launched in stakeholders. We gratefully acknowledge the
especially those relating to secondary education.
the country for the development of secondary contributions made by each of them. At the outset,
The draft of the manual was discussed in several education, namely: Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha we acknowledge our heartfelt thanks to the officials
rounds of meetings and accordingly underwent Abhiyan (RMSA), Model Schools, Girls' Hostel, of Department of School Education and Literacy,
changes to accommodate suggestions and ICT@schools, Integrated Education for Disabled in Ministry of HRD, Government of India, for showing
observations given by national and international Secondary Schools (IEDSS), National Means cum faith in us and assigning us the responsibility of
organizations, GOI and of the participating states Merit Scholarship (NMMS), Incentive for Girls, developing this manual. We are especially grateful to
and UTs. The revised draft of the manual was Vocational Education and Language Teachers. Out Ms. Anshu Vaish, Secretary, Department of School
thoroughly discussed in two training programmes of these nine schemes the highest allocation in the Education and Literacy, Ministry of HRD,
organized at NUEPA involving state and district level Eleventh Five Year Plan has been made for the RMSA Government of India, for writing Foreword of this
officers responsible for management of secondary programme. document. We put on records our thanks to Shri S.C.
vi vii
National University of Educational Planning and Administration Secondary Education: Planning and Appraisal Manual
Khuntia and Shri R.P. Sisodia, former Joint states and union territories participated. Sr. Consultant (Planning), Shri Manoj Mishra, Sr. We put on record out sincere thanks to him for his
Secretaries (SE), Shri Satish Namboodiripad and Consultant (Planning), Shri Sushil Kumar, Sr. encouragement and support and also for kindly
4. Four days Training Programme on School
Dr. Alka Bhargav, former Directors (SE) and Shri Consultant (Civil Works) and Ms. Amita Singla, Sr. agreeing to write the preface of this manual. Though
Mapping at Secondary Level organized by
Bhaskar Dasgupta, former Under Secretary (SE) Consultant (Finance) of Technical Support Group the responsibility of developing this manual has been
Department of Educational Planning,
Department of School Education and Literacy, (RMSA), Educational Consultants India Ltd. under taken by the faculty members of the Department of
NUEPA at Chennai during August 1-4,
Ministry of HRD, Government of India. Our sincere MHRD, New Delhi, who have not only participated Educational Planning, NUEPA, with active help and
2011, in which 23 states and UTs
thanks are due to Mrs. Radha Chauhan present Joint in various forums and gave valuable suggestions but full support of Shri A.A.C. Lal, many persons in
participated.
Secretary (SE), Ms. Caralyn K. Deshmukh, Director have also made available relevant material that has NUEPA have directly or indirectly helped us to
(SE) and Shri R.L. Gupta, Section Officer (SE) and 5. Three days National workshop on Use of been used in developing this manual. facilitate in this work. We are thankful to the
other officials of the Department of School SEMIS Data for Planning and Monitoring Administration and Accounts Section and Training
The manual has been developed under the guidance
Education and Literacy, Ministry of HRD, of Secondary Education organized by cell of NUEPA without whose help and cooperation
of Prof. R. Govinda, Vice-Chancellor NUEPA,
Government of India, for giving valuable suggestions Department of Educational Planning at this manual could not have been completed.
without whose constant encouragement and support
during the process of development of this manual. NUEPA, New Delhi during August 24-26,
the manual could not have seen the light of the day. Authors
2011, in which representatives from 27
In order to get feedback and elicit comments and
states and union territories participated.
suggestions of the stake holders and other important
functionaries working in the area of secondary 6. Five days Training Programme on School
education, the draft of this manual was presented Mapping and Formulation of District
and discussed thoroughly in various forums, which Secondary Education Plans conducted by
are as follows: the Department of Educational Planning,
NUEPA at Bhubaneswar during September
1. Five day workshop conducted at India
19-23, 2011, in which 40 officials working in
Habitat Centre, New Delhi during May 16-
secondary education at the district and state
20, 2011, where officials of MHRD GOI,
level in Orissa participated.
World Bank, DEA, NUEPA, NCERT,
NIPFP and TSG (RMSA), Ed. CIL New As it may not be possible to acknowledge all the
Delhi, participated. participants of these above mentioned programmes
individually, we put on records our sincere thanks to
2. One day workshop organized at NUEPA on
all of them, as without their valuable comments and
July 07, 2011, in which the officials of
suggestions this manual could not have been
MHRD, GOI, representatives of 10 state
properly shaped.
Governments, NCERT, Technical Support
Group (RMSA), Ed.CIL actively We are thankful to the officials of the World Bank
participated. and DFID New Delhi office for sending us their
valuable comments and suggestions that helped us in
3. Five days Training Programme on Planning
fine-tuning the contents of the manual. Our thanks
for Secondary Education organized by
are due to the members of Technical Support Group
Department of Educational Planning at
(RMSA), Educational Consultants India Ltd. In this
NUEPA, New Delhi during May 23-27,
regard we are especially thankful to Shri Mohd Altab,
2011, in which representatives from 20
viii ix