Placing the Gods: Sanctuaries and Sacred Space in Ancient Greece PDF
Preview Placing the Gods: Sanctuaries and Sacred Space in Ancient Greece
PL Cl G THE G D Sanctuariesa nd SacredS pace in Ancient Greece Edited by SUSAN E. ALCOCK AND ROBIN OSBORNE CLARENDON PRESS · OXFORD 1994 Oxford UniversityP ress, Walton Street, Oxford ox2 6DP Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bombay Calcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi FlorenceH ong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto and assodatedc ompaniesin Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a tradem ark ofO xford UniversityP ress Publishedi n the United States by Oxford UniversityP ressI nc., New York © Susan E. Alcock and Robin Osborne1 994 All rightsr eservedN. o part oft his publicationm ay be reproduced, storedi n a retrievasl ystem, or transmitted,i n anyf orm or by any means, without the priorp ermissioni n writingo fO xford UniversityP ress. Within the UK, exceptionsa rea llowedi n respecot fa nyf air dealingfort he purposeo fr esearcho rp rivates tudy, or critidsmo r review,a s permitted under the Copyright,D esignsa nd PatentsA ct, 1988, or in the caseo f reprographirce productioinn accordancwei th the termso ft he licences issuedb y the CopyrightL icensingA gency. Enquiriesc oncerning reproductioonu tsidet hese termsa nd in otherc ountriess hould be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford UniversityP ress, at the addressa bove British Library Cataloguingi n PublicationD ata Data available Libraryo fC ongressC atalogingi n PublicationD ata Placingt he gods: sanctuarieas nd sacreds pacei n ancientG reece editedb y Susan E. Alcock and Robin Osborne. Includesi ndex. 1. Shrines-Greece. 2. Sacreds pace--Greece. 3. Greece--Religion. I. Alcock, Susan E. II. Osborne,R obin BL795.S47P53 1994 292.3'5'0938-dczo 94-3930 ISBN o-ig-814947-6 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Typesetb y SelwoodS ystems, MidsomerN orton Printed in Great Britain on acid-frepe aper by BiddiesL td., Guildforda nd King's Lynn CONTENTS List efI llustrations Vl List of Tables Vlll Abbreviations 1X Introduction I I. Mediation, Competition, and Sovereignty: The Evolution of 3 Rural Sanctuaries in Geometric Greece FRANyOIS DE POLIGNAC 2. After the 'Big Bang'-What? or Minoan Symbols and Shrines I9 beyond Palatial Collapse ALAN PEATFIELD 3. The Spatial Configuration of Belief: The Archaeology of 37 Mycenaean Religion JAMES C. WRIGHT 4. Placing the Past: the Bronze Age in the Cultic Topography of 79 Early Greece CARLA M. ANTONACCIO 5. The Evolution of a Sacral 'Landscape': Isthmia, Perachora, and ro5 the Early Corinthian State CATHERINE MORGAN 6. Archaeology, the Salaminioi, and the Politics of Sacred Space in r43 Archaic Attica ROBIN OSBORNE 7. Sanctuaries in the Chorao f Metaponto r6r JOSEPH COLEMAN CARTER 8. Demeter in the Ancient Greek City and its Countryside r99 SUSAN GUETTEL COLE 9. The Distribution of Sanctuaries in Civic Space in Arkadia 2r7 MADELEINE JOST IO. Trees in the Landscape of Pausanias' Periegesis 23r DARICE BIRGE I I. Minding the Gap in Hellenistic and Roman Greece 247 SUSAN E. ALCOCK Index 263 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS page I.I Sanctuary and the creation of'territories' in the eighth century 14 I.2 Seventh-century sanctuaries in the territory of Croton 17 2.I Intervisibility of Minoan peak sanctuaries 24 2.2 Goddesses-with-Upraised-Arms from Karphi 28 2.3 Distribution of Late Minoan III Goddess-with-Upraised-Arms 29 figurines ( ♦ ), and of snake-tubes in bench-sanctuaries (*) 2.4 Goddess-with-Upraised-Arms, with poppy-head tiara from 30 Gazi 3.1 Map of sanctuary sites 39 3.2 Plan of Malthi 44 3.3 Plan of Eutresis 46 3.4 Lerna, plan of House 98 and Room 45 47 3.5 Plan of Argos 48 3.6 Plan of Mycenae 52 3.7 The Lion Gate 53 3.8 Plan ofTiryns with Lower Citadel 55 3.9 Asine, plan of House G 64 3.10 Assemblage of votives from Tsoungiza 69 4.1 Sites mentioned in the text 87 5.1 Principal sanctuary and settlement sites in the Late Bronze Age 106 and Early Iron Age Corinthia 5.2 Isthmia and environs (after Hesperia6 2 (1992), pl. 3) III 5.3 Principal Early Iron Age cup forms 114 5.4 Central Corinth 123 5.5 Isthmia East Terrace I, late eighth century (after Hesperia6 2 126 (1992), fig. 1) 5.6 The Sanctuary of Hera at Perachora (by kind permission of 130 R. A. Tomlinson) 5.7 The Shrine at Solygeia (after Archaeology1 5 (1962), 186) 136 6.I Sites in Attica with traces of cult activity in the eighth century 149 6.2 Sites with traces of cult activity, c.7 00-6 3o BC 150 7.1 Map showing distribution of extramural sanctuaries in the chora 163 of Metaponto 7.2 Metaponto (adapted from DeSiena) 164 7.3 Metaponto (from Mertens) 166 7.4 Terracotta from Saldone 171 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Vll page 7.5 Map ofBradano to Basento survey transect showing site 172 distribution for the period 600 to 5 5 I BC. Farmhouses are indicated by squares, tombs by triangles 7.6 Map of Bradano to Basento survey transect showing site 173 distribution for the period 550 to 501 BC. Farmhouses are indicated by squares; tombs by triangles; and scatters by circles 7.7 Post-Daedalic figurine from Pantanello (PZ 77.725) 175 7.8 Terracotta from sanctuary at Incoronata (IC 77. 176) 176 7.9 Map of Bradano to Basento survey transect showing site 179 distribution for the period 500 to 451 BC. Farmhouses are indicated by squares; tombs by triangles; and scatters by circles 7.10 View looking east across the excavation of the sanctuary at 184 Pantanello and illustrating well point pumping system 7.1 l Plan of the Pantanello sanctuary excavations, showing spring, 185 double channels, rectangular pit, and eastern conglomerate wall, with the cobble surface of the 'collecting basin' to the east, and accumulated building phases to the west 7.12 Votive figurines, Pantanello (PZ 76.138; 78.73) 188 7.13 Votive figurines, Pantanello (PZ 82.315; 78.41; 77.812) 189 7-14 Cups from the spring, Pantanello 190 7.15 Plan of the sanctuary structures of the fifth-century BC phase, 191 Pantanello 7.16 Reconstruction of the fifth-century BC sanctuary building at 192 Pantanello 7.17 View of the fifth-century BC phase, looking east. The upper 193 level of the walls date to the fourth century BC 7.18 Head of satyr from the bothros,f ifth-century BC sanctuary 194 building, Pantanello 7.19 Unglazed miniature votive vessels, fifth century BC, from the 195 spring, Pantanello 7.20 Satyr and goat, fourth century BC, from the collecting basin, 197 Pantanello 9.1 Sanctuaries and settlements in Arkadia 218 9.2 The pass over Mount Boreion, with the sanctuary of Athena 219 Soteira and of Poseidon at 1 and the acropolis of Pallantion at 2 9.3 The site of Phigaleia in the nineteenth century (from Expedition 221 de Moree) 9.4 The plain of Mantineia 223 l I.I Location of survey projects (see Table 1 I. 1 for key) 249 LIST OF TABLES page 3. I Cult locales and artefact assemblages 66-7 7. I Votive figurines in terracotta 170 I I. I Survey projects (see Ill. I I. I) 250 ABBREVIATIONS AA ArchaologischeArn zeiger AAA Athens Annals ofA rchaeology AD ArchaiologikonD eltion AE ArchaiologikeE phemeris AION Annali dell'Istituto universitarioo rientaled i Napoli, Dipartimentod i studi del mondo classicoe del Mediterraneoa ntico,S ezione di archeologiea storiaa ntica AJA AmericanJ ournal ofA rchaeology AJP AmericanJ ournal ofP hilology AM Mitteilungen des DeutschenA rchaologischeInn stituts AR ArchaeologicaRle ports ARV 2 J. D. Beazley, Attic Red-Figure Uise Painters,2 nd edn. (Oxford, 1963) ASAtene Annuario della ScuolaA rcheologicad i Atene e delleM issioni Italianei n Oriente BAR British Archaeological Reports BCH Bulletin de Correspondanchee llenique BICS Bulletin oft he Institute ofC lassicalS tudies oft he Universityo fL ondon BSA Annual oft he British Schoola t Athens CA] CambridgeA rchaeologicJaol urnal CQ ClassicalQ uarterly CSCA CaliforniaS tudies in ClassicaAl ntiquity EMC Echos du Monde Classique FrGrHist Fragmented erg riechischenH istoriker,e d. F.J acoby GRBS Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies HSCP HarvardS tudies in ClassicalP hilology HThR Harvard TheologicaRl eview IC InscriptionesG raecae IstMitt lstanbulerM itteilungen IPergamon Die Inschriftenv an Pergamon,e dd. E. Fabricius and C. Schuchart, 2 vols. (Berlin, I 890, 1895) IPriene Inschriftenv on Priene, ed. F. Hiller von Gaetringen (Berlin, 1906) !Smyrna Die Inschriftenv an Smyrna, ed. G. Petzl, 3 vols. (Bonn, 1982, 1988, 1990) ]FA Journal ofF ield Archaeology JHS Journal ofH ellenicS tudies ]RA Journal ofR oman Archaeology KrChron Kretika Chronika LSAM Lois sacreesd 'Asie Mineure, ed. F. Sokolowski (Paris, 1955) LSCG Lois sacreesd es citesg recquese, d. R Sokolowski (Paris, 1969) LSS Lois sacreesd es citesg recquess, upplement,e d. F. Sokolowski (Paris, 1962) OJA OxfordJ ournal ofA rchaeology O]h Jahresheftd es OsterreichischeAnr chi:iologischIenns tituts in Wien OpAth OpusculaA theniensia PCPS Proceedingos ft he CambridgeP hilologicaSl ociety POxy The Oxyrhynchus Papyri (London, 1898- ) pp La Parolad el Passato X ABBREVIATIONS Praktika Praktika tes en Athenais ArchaiologikesE taireias RA Revue Archeologique RE PaulysR eal-Encyclopiidie REA Revue des etudesa nciennes REG Revue des etudesg recques RFIC Rivista di Filologiae lstruzione di Classica RPh Revue de Philologie SEC SupplementumE pigraphicumG raecum SIMA Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology SMEA Studi miceneie d egeo-anatolici SNG SyllogeN ummorum Graecorum ZPE Zeitschrifftu r Papyrologiue nd Epigraphik
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