(Piper) Abrams (Liliaceae).

69 Pages·2016·3.17 MB·English

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Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, &
Graduate School
Professional Papers
1986
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Jane K. Fritz-Sheridan
The University of Montana
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RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn
Fritz-Sheridan, Jane K., "Reproductive biology of Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh varieties grandiflorum
and candidum (Piper) Abrams (Liliaceae)" (1986). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional
Papers. 7403.
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REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF ER'iTHRONtUM GRANDIFLORUM PURSH VARIETIES
GRANDtFLORUM m o CANDIDUM (PIPER) ABRAMS (LILIACEAE)
by
Jane K. Fritz-Sheridan
B. S., Michigan State University, 1972
M. S., University of Montana, 1981
Presented in partial fu lfillm e n t of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Arts
University of Montana
1906
Approved by
ïhairm ^, B^ard of Examiners
D^n, Graduate SC^^I
/f,
Date
UMI Number: EP38204
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ABSTRACT
Fritz-Sheridan, Jane K ., M. A., December 1986 Botany
Reproductive Biology of Erythron i urn grand i fIorum Pursh varieties
grandif iorum and candi dum (Piper) Abrams (Liliaceae) (56 pages)
Director: David E. Bilderback /
This four-year (1982-1986) study compared the pollination
biology and cytology of a relativ e ly rare taxon, Erythron i um
grand i f 1orum Pursh var. cand i dum (Piper) Abrams, with that of a
geographically widespread sister taxon, E. grand i fIorum var.
grandif1orum, in the Pacific Northwest. Breeding studies were
used to study the reproductive systems of the taxa, to test for
in te rfe r tility between them, and to seek abnormalities in the
breeding system of the rare taxon that might account for its
re la tiv e ra rity . Chromosomes were counted in both taxa and in
hybrids from a rtific ia l crosses. Ranges of the two taxa were
determined from fie ld studies and herbarium specimens. Although
the ranges of the taxa overlap in part, populations are usually
allo p atric. Phenological factors are probably minor in
preventing cross-pollination between the taxa. Both taxa are
protogynous obligate outcrossers pollinated by bees. Seed
production apparently is not pollinator-lim ited. The two taxa
are in te rfe rtile only when individuals from allo patric
populations are a r tific ia lly crossed, and thus should be
considered two biological species. When the taxa overlap in
flo ra l phenology in sympatric populations, they exhibit
reciprocal incom patibility. Such incom patibility between closely-
related perennial species is unusual. It may have arisen via
natural selection in mixed populations. Alternatively, if
populations of each taxon vary with regard to their
incom patibility alleles, they may have acquired their f e r t ilit y
barriers by chance before populations of the two taxa came into
contact with each other.
I I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express special thanks to Jerrold I Davis for his
guidance and c ritic a l corrments on several drafts, and to David E.
Bilderback for his support and suggestions on the research and on the
final draft. I would also like to thank the other members of my
committee, James R. Habeck, Charles N. M iller, and David A lt, for their
advice and comments. I thank Meredith A. Lane for review of an e a rlie r
draft, and Alexander F. Motten and Peter Bernhardt for suggestions on
the improvement of the manuscript.
Curators of several herbaria graciously loaned specimens for this
study. Robert D. P fister gave permission to use a study site at the
Lubrecht Experimental Forest, and C liff Martinka and Robert C. Haraden
authorized my use of a study site at Glacier National Park. Martha
Apple provided fie ld assistance. Terry Griswold of the University of
Utah identified the insects. I am especially grateful to Richard P.
Fritz-Sheridan for fie ld assistance and encouragement throughout this
project.
This research was supported by the Five Valleys Chapter of the
National Audubon Society, Sigma X i, and a Bertha Morton Scholarship
administered by the University of Montana Graduate School.
I I I
TABLE OF COMTEhfTS
ABSTRACT i i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................................................................j i j
TABLE OF CONTENTS i v
LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................................................... v i
LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................................................vi i
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................1
MATERIALS AND METHODS..............................................................................................................................5
Study s i t e s ................................................... 5
Breeding studies .......................................... 7
Pollinator observations .................................................................................................. 10
Pollen v ia b ility ....................................................................................................................... 11
C y to lo g y ................................................................................................................................................12
RESULTS................................................................................................................................................................13
Geography and phenology .................................................................................................. 13
Pollination studies ............................................................................................................. 16
Pollinator observations .................................................................................................. 21
Pollen v ia b ility ....................................................................................................................... 23
Cytology . . 23
DISCUSSION.............................................................................. 27
Geography and phenology ....................................................................................................27
C y to lo g y .................................................................................................................................................28
Pollination studies . ........................................................................................................ 28
Biological species ................................................................................................................... 34
I V
APPENDICES........................................................................................................................................................35
A. Pollinator behavior of bees observed on E. grand if)orum
and coblooming species ....................................... . . . . . . 35
B. E x sic catae...................................................................................................................................38
BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................ 56
LIST OF TABLES
page
TABLE 1, Locations, dates and times of pollinator observations . . . 11
TABLE 2. Collections used for pollen v i a b i l i t y ..........................................................12
TABLE 3, Pollination study results .................................................................................. 10
TABLE 4. Summary of observation hours and collections of
p o llin a to r s ............................... 22
TABLE 5. Pollen loads of bees collected on Erythron i um
grandifIorum and coblooming s p e c ie s .............................................................23
TABLE 6. New chromosome counts in Erythron I um grand i f I oru m ...........................24
TABLE 7. Comparison of several Erythroni um s p e c ie s ...............................................29
V I