Pioneers of the Field: South Africa’s Women Anthropologists PDF
Preview Pioneers of the Field: South Africa’s Women Anthropologists
Pioneers of the Field Focusing on the crucial contributions of women researchers, Andrew Bank demonstrates that the modern school of social anthropology in South Africa was uniquely female-dominated. The book traces the personal and intellectual histories of six remarkable women through the use of a rich cocktail of new archival sources, including family photographs,privateandprofessionalcorrespondence,field-notesand fielddiaries,publishedandotherpublicwritings,andevenloveletters. Thebookalsoshedsnewlightonthecloseconnectionsbetweentheir personal lives, their academic work and their anti-segregationist and anti-apartheidpolitics.Itwillbewelcomedbyanthropologists,histor- ians and students in African Studies interested in the development of socialanthropologyintwentieth-centuryAfrica,aswellasbystudents andresearchersinthefieldofWomenandGenderStudies. AndrewBankisaprofessorintheHistoryDepartmentattheUniversity oftheWesternCape,SouthAfrica.Hewascommissioningeditorofthe journal Kronos: Southern African Histories from 2001 to 2015 and is a memberoftheeditorialboardoftheSouthAfricanHistoricalJournal.He is also the co-editor of Inside African Anthropology: Monica Wilson and Her Interpreters (Cambridge University Press, 2013). His previous monographsareonslaveryinCapeTown(1991)andtheBleek-Lloyd CollectionofBushmanfolklore(2006). THEINTERNATIONALAFRICANLIBRARY Generaleditors LESLIEJ.BANK,HumanSciencesResearchCouncil,SouthAfrica HARRIENGLUND,UniversityofCambridge DEBORAHJAMES,LondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience ADELINEMASQUELIER,TulaneUniversity BENJAMINSOARES,AfricanStudiesCentre,Leiden TheInternationalAfricanLibraryisamajormonographseriesfromthe International African Institute. Theoretically informed ethnographies, and studies of social relations ‘on the ground’ which are sensitive to local cultural forms, have long been central to the Institute’s publicationsprogramme.TheIALmaintainsthisstrengthandextends it into new areas of contemporary concern, both practical and intellectual. It includes works focused on the linkages between local, national and global levels of society; writings on political economy and power; studies at the interface of the socio-cultural and the environmental; analyses of the roles of religion, cosmology and ritual insocialorganization;andhistoricalstudies,especiallythoseofasocial, culturalorinterdisciplinarycharacter. Foralistoftitlespublishedintheseries,pleaseseetheendofthebook. Pioneers of the Field South Africa’s Women Anthropologists Andrew Bank UniversityoftheWesternCape InternationalAfricanInstitute,London and UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107150492 ©AndrewBank2016 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2016 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJInternationalLtd.PadstowCornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Publicationdata Bank,Andrew,author. Pioneersofthefield:SouthAfrica’swomenanthropologists/AndrewBank. InternationalAfricanlibrary. NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,2016.|Series:Theinternational Africanlibrary|Includesbibliographicalreferences. LCCN2016026286|ISBN9781107150492 LCSH:Womenethnologists–SouthAfrica–Biography.|Ethnologists– SouthAfrica–Biography.|Ethnology–Studyandteaching(Higher)– SouthAfrica–History–20thcentury. LCCGN20B342016|DDC305.80092/268[B]–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016026286 ISBN978-1-107-15049-2Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication, anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. To my wife Anja Contents Listoffigures pageviii Acknowledgements xii Introduction:rethinkingthecanon 1 1 Feminizingthefoundationalnarrative:thecollaborative anthropologyofWinifredTuckerHoernlé(1885–1960) 15 2 Anadopteddaughter:Christianityandanthropologyin thelifeandworkofMonicaHunterWilson(1908–1982) 64 3 AnthropologyandJewishidentity:theurbanfieldworkand ethnographiesofEllenHellmann(1908–1982) 104 4 ‘Ageniusforfriendship’:AudreyRichardsatWits, 1938–1940 151 5 Historicalethnographyandethnographicfiction:the SouthAfricanwritingsofHildaBeemerKuper (1911–1992) 189 6 Feminizingthediscipline:thelongcareerofEileenJensen Krige(1904–1995) 239 Conclusion:ahumanistlegacy 272 Bibliography 284 Index 309 vii Figures 1.1: WinifredTuckerinhermatricyearatWesleyanGirls’ HighSchool,Grahamstown,1902. page20 1.2: WinifredTuckerandtheSouthAfricanCollege’sfirst SRC,1905. 21 1.3: ‘BreakdownofourwaggonnearSendeling’sDrift’, Richtersveld,NorthernCape,1912. 27 1.4: ThisportraitofaNamawomanphotographedonWinifred Tucker’sfirstfieldexpeditionof1912isreproducedfromthe onlyglassnegativetohavesurvivedadevastatingfireinWits UniversityLibrarythatwoulddestroyallofherfield-notesand othermaterials. 28 1.5: WinifredandAlwinasayoungbaby,Boston,1915. 31 1.6: Winifred(frontrow,secondleft)wasphotographedwithher familyonherreturntoJohannesburgin1920. 33 1.7: WinifredHoernléaroundthetimethatherintellectual ‘daughters’firstencounteredher,August1927. 48 1.8: WinifredHoernléasphotographedbyLeonLevson in1944. 62 2.1: MonicaHunterasateenager,Edinburgh,1922. 68 2.2: MonicaatworkintheStanleyLibrary,GirtonCollege, Cambridge,1930.Thiswastheyearinwhichshecompleted herundergraduatedegree,havingearlierswitchedfrom historytosocialanthropology,andwonanAnthonyWilkin ScholarshipwhichfundedherfieldworkinPondolandandthe EasternCapefrom1931. 74 2.3: ‘Nosente,theMotherofCompassion’,AucklandVillage, 1931.NosentewasaChristianconvertwhosetestimony abouttherapidsocialchangesintheEasternCapebetween thetimeofherbirthinthelate1860sandthatofMonica’s fieldworkinthe1930swasthesubjectofanautobiography thatMonicarecorded,editedandpublishedinMargery Perham’sTenAfricans(1936). 77 viii
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