Pilgrims and Politics Rediscovering the power of the pilgrimage Edited by Antón M. Pazos Pilgrims and Politics compostela international studies in Pilgrimage History and culture Series Editor: antón m. Pazos instituto de Estudios gallegos “Padre sarmiento”, csic (spanish national research council), santiago de compostela, spain. This series deals with the universal phenomenon of pilgrimage, understood in a wide sense, making available the latest research sponsored by the iEgPs (spanish national research council, csic). it focuses on historical, cultural, political and religious aspects of the subject, prioritizing multidisciplinary and diverse approaches and analyses, with volumes covering historical periods from the medieval to the modern and a world-wide geographical range. Pilgrims and Politics rediscovering the power of the pilgrimage Edited by antón m. Pazos Instituto de Estudios Gallegos “Padre Sarmiento”, CSIC, Spain © antón m. Pazos 2012 all rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. antón m. Pazos has asserted his right under the copyright, designs and Patents act, 1988, to be identified as the editor of this work. Published by ashgate Publishing limited ashgate Publishing company Wey court East suite 420 Union road 101 cherry street Farnham Burlington surrey, gU9 7Pt Vt 05401-4405 England Usa www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Pilgrims and politics : rediscovering the power of the pilgrimage. 1. christian pilgrims and pilgrimages--Political aspects-- History. 2. christianity and politics--Europe--History. i. Pazos, antón m. 263’.041’09-dc23 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pilgrims and politics : rediscovering the power of the pilgrimage / edited by antón m. Pazos. p. cm. includes index. isBn 978-1-4094-4759-7 (hardcover) -- isBn 978-1-4094-4760-3 (ebook) 1. christian pilgrims and pilgrimages--Europe. 2. christianity and politics--Europe. 3. Europe--reli- gious life and customs. i. Pazos, antón m. BX2323.P56 2012 263’.0424--dc23 isBn 9781409447597 (hbk) 2012008564 isBn 9781409447603 (ebk – PdF) isBn 9781409484219 (ebk – ePUB) IV Printed and bound in great Britain by the mPg Books group, UK contents List of Maps and Tables vii List of Contributors ix introduction 1 1 The Pilgrims’ Way of st James and islam: Pilgrimage, Politics and militias 9 Ana María Carballeira Debasa 2 Political Pilgrims and Political saints in medieval England 29 Robert N. Swanson 3 The ordeal of Bishop adaulfo: an insight into the relationship between religion and Politics in the Beginnings of the cult of saint James 47 Carlos Baliñas Pérez 4 Between Warfare and conflict resolution: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Holy land 55 Yvonne Friedman 5 The role of the order of st John in Pilgrimage and Politics: The case of the north of Portugal 69 Paula Maria de Carvalho Pinto Costa 6 Pilgrimage with added Benefits: Pilgrims and Politics in the rome of innocent iii 83 Brenda Bolton 7 lucca and Pilgrimage in the later middle ages: a two-Way traffic 103 Christine Meek vi Pilgrims and Politics 8 The Politics of Pilgrim care: a study in roncesvalles 119 José Andrés-Gallego 9 old and new Pilgrimages in the context of the spanish civil War 151 Antón M. Pazos 10 Pilgrimages in slovenia and their Political significance 161 Vincenc Rajšp 11 Pilgrimages to taizé from Estonia 173 Riho Altnurme 12 new Forms of Pilgrimage 187 Hugh McLeod Index 203 list of maps and tables Maps 1.1 maritime routes coimbra-santiago-Bayonne 16 1.2 overland route coimbra-santiago 17 1.3 overland route santiago-Bayonne 18 5.1 saint James’ Ways in the Portuguese territory 81 5.2 The commanderies of the order of the Hospital in the context of the saint James’ Ways 82 8.1 roncesvalles in the Way of saint James 123 9.1 The Way of saint James and the spanish civil War in 1936 155 Tables 11.1 groups to taizé European meetings from Estonia 1989–2004 185 This page has been left blank intentionally list of contributors Riho Altnurme, Phd in Theology (University of tartu). Professor of Ecclesiastical History and dean of the Faculty of Theology, University of tartu (Estonia). José Andrés-Gallego, Phd in Philosophy and letters (Universidad de navarra). Former President of the catholic University of Ávila. Full Professor in the instituto de Historia at the centro de ciencias Humanas y sociales, consejo superior de investigaciones científicas (spain). Carlos Baliñas Pérez, Phd in History (Universidad de santiago de compostela). associate Professor of medieval History in the Faculty of Humanities at the Universidad de santiago de compostela (spain). Brenda Bolton taught medieval History at Westfield (later Queen mary & Westfield) college, University of london, UK. she has focused especially on the papacy. since 2000, she has been general Editor of the ashgate series,church, Faith and culture in the medieval West and, in 2006, was awarded an mBE for services to ecclesiastical history. Ana María Carballeira Debasa, Phd in semitic Philology (Universidad autónoma de madrid). senior research scientist at the Escuela de Estudios Árabes, consejo superior de investigaciones científicas (spain). Yvonne Friedman, Phd in History (Bar-ilan University). chair of the department of general History, chair: Board of the israel antiquities authority, associate Professor in the land of israel studies (israel). Hugh McLeod, Phd in History (cambridge University) and Honorary doctorate in Theology (lund University, sweden). Emeritus Professor of church History, department of History at the University of Birmingham, and Fellow of the British academy (United Kingdom). Christine Meek, d.Phil. (oxon.). associate Professor of medieval History and senior Fellow (Emerita), trinity college, dublin.