PIC Programming for Beginners

254 Pages·2011·11.44 MB·English

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Author
Mark Spencer,WA8SME,
Editor
Nancy G.Hallas, W1NCY
Production Staff
Michelle Bloom,WB1ENT
Jodi Morin, KA1JPA
MatyWeinberg, KB1EIB
Sue Fagan, KB10KW,
Cover Design
David Pingree, N1NAS,
Technical Illustrations
•
Copyright© 2010by
TheAmericanRadio RelayLeague,Inc.
Copyrightsecuredunderthe
Pan-AmericanConvention
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisworkmay
bereproduced inany form exceptbywritten
permissionofthe publisher.Allrights of
translationarereserved.
PrintedinCanada
Quedanreservados todoslosderechos
ISBN:978-0-97259-0-0892
Order number:0892
FirstPrinting
The MPLal:fJ9 software contained on the included
CD-ROM is reprinted with permission of the copyright
holder,MicrochipTechnology Incorporated.All rights
reserved. No further reprints or reproductions may be made
without MicrochipTechnology Inc's prior written consent.
PI(;® is a registered trademark of MicrochipTechnology Inc inthe
US and othercountries. PICDEM@is a trademark of Microchip
Technology Inc inthe US and othercountries.
Table of Contents
1.Introduction Appendix 1 Glossary
2. Inside the PIC16F676 Appendix 2 Answers to Chapter
Questions
3.Software and Hardware Setup
Appendix 3 Keyer Construction Manual
4. Program Architecture
Appendix 4 PIC16F676 Include File
5. Program Development Contents
6.Working With Registers Index
The Most Important Chapter
7. Instruction Set Overview CD-ROM Contents
8.Device Setup 1.MPLAB IDE Software
9. Delay Subroutines 2. Device Documentation
10. Basic Input/Output 3. Parts List and Specification
11.Analog to Digital Converters 4.Video Files
12.Comparators 5. Chapter Exercise Program Files
13. Interrupts
14.Timer 0 andTimer 1 Resources
15.Asynchronous Serial Communications
16.Serial Peripheral Interlace
Communications
17.WorkingWith Data
18. Putting It AllTogether
Foreword
AmateurRadio hasalong traditionof whatwe affectionatelycall"homebrcwing."
Homebrewing simply means theact of building a piece ofequipmentwith your bare hands,
oftenin thecomfortofyour ownhome.Intheearliestdaysof AmateurRadio,homebrewing
was mandatory;there were nocommercial products available.Buteven inthismodem eraof
click-and-purchase Internetshopping,many hamsstillpreferto build theirown equipment
wheneverpossible. '
One thing that haschanged in recent years isthenature of whatwe build.Hams are
increasinglyattracted to theextraordinarypotentialofmicrocontrollers astoolsineverything
from stationaccessoriesto transceivers.Asaresult, they're eagerto learn howt? program
thesedevicesand putthem to work.
InARRL's PIC'> ProgrammingforBeginners,MarkSpencer,WA8SME,shows youhowto
"speak" thelanguage of microcontrollers.You'llfind that workingwith PICs issurprisingly
easy,educationaland, mostof all, fun.
David Sumner, KIZZ
ARRL Executive VicePresident
Newington,Connecticut
March 2010
Acknowledgements
and Dedication
I would like to acknowledge the contributions ofyou, the readerofthistext.
As a life-long learner, you are my real inspiration. Attimes itfeels like technology is
passing usby,but I am inspired by those who want to be more than justtechnology
users...and Ithank you for that.
I would also like to thank Ron Cade,W6ZQ, who reviewed the draft of thisbook as
a student of microcontrollers. He kept me honest and true to my commitment to not
to assume the reader understands what I mean.
MarkSpencer,WA8SME(andlife longlearner)
About the Author
Mark Spencer,WA8SME,hasbeen ahamradio operator forover45 yearsand hasalso
held the callsG5EPV,DAIOY,and HL9AW.Mark isnot sure ifhis interest inscience
and technologyfostered his interest in ham radio,of ifhis interest inham radiofostered
histechnicalcareerpath and interests.He hasdegrees in Metallurgical Engineering and
Communications.Originallyfrom the Detroit,Michigan area,Markentered educationas a
secondcareer following a20 year careeras an Air ForceOfficer flyingT-38, 8-52,'U-2,and
TR-l aircraft.
Mark isa self-described and practicing life-long learner.This passion for learning,and
helping otherstolearn,supports both hisprofessionaland leisure etforts.He iscurrently
the ARRL'sEducationand Technology Program(ETP) Coordinator.His primary ETP
responsibilities include developingcurriculumleading toward wirelesstechnologyliteracy,
providing assistance toteachers implementing hamradio and related content intheir
school's curriculum,managingtheARRL ham radio equipmentgrant program for schools,
and instructing teachers in wireless technology literacy during theTeachers Institutes.
Mark'sdefinition ofcomputerliteracycame aboutduring hiscombat experiences in Desert
Storm,and that visionfor computer literacy has served as hiscompass indeveloping
instructionalprogramsand in his writings.Though personally passionateaboutlearning,
each and every personalendeavor hasthedualpurpose offacilitating the learning of
others...including thistext.
Mark's current ham radio interests include ham satellites and adapting microcontroller
technology toham radio.
About the ARRL
Theseed forAmateurRadiowasplanted inthe 1890s,when Guglielmo Marconibegan hisexperimentsinwireless
telegraphy.Soonhe wasjoinedbydozens,thenhundreds,ofothers who wereenthusiasticaboutsending andreceiving
messagesthroughthe air- some withacommercial interest.butotherssolelyoutofalove for thisnewcommunications
medium.The United StatesgovernmentbeganlicensingAmateurRadiooperatorsin 1912.
By 1914,there were thousands of AmateurRadiooperators- hams- inthe UnitedStates. HiramPercyMaxim,a
leading Hartford,Connecticutinventorand industrialist.saw the needfor anorganizationtobandtogether this fledgling
groupofradio experimenters.InMay 1914 he founded the AmericanRadio RelayLeague (ARRL)tomeet thatneed.
TodayARRL,withapproximately 155,000 members,isthe largestorganizationof radio amateurs intheUnited
States.The ARRL isanot-far-profitorganization that:
• promotesinterest inAmateurRadiocommunicationsand experimentation
• representsUSradio amateurs inlegislativematters, and
• maintainsfraternalismanda high standardofconduct amongAmateurRadio operators."
At ARRL headquartersinthe Hartfordsuburbof Newington,thestaffhelpsserve theneedsof members.ARRL is
also InternationalSecretariatforthe International AmateurRadio Union,whichismade upofsimilarsocietiesin 150
countriesaroundthe world.
ARRLpublishes the monthlyjournalQST,as wellasnewslettersand many publicationscovering allaspectsof
AmateurRadio.Itsheadquartersstation,WIAW,transmitsbulletinsof interest toradioamateurs'andMorsecode prac
ticesessions.The ARRL alsocoordinatesanextensive fieldorganization.which includesvolunteers whoprovide techni
calinformationand othersupportservicesfor radio amateursas well ascommunications forpublic-serviceactivities.In
addition,ARRLrepresentsUSamateurswith the FederalCommunicationsCommission and other governmentagencies
inthe USandabroad.
MembershipinARRL meansmuch morethanreceiving QSTeachmonth.Inadditiontotheservicesalready
described,ARRLoffersmembership services onapersonallevel,suchas theTechnical InformationService-where
memberscan getanswersby phone,emailor the ARRLwebsite, toalltheirtechnicalandoperatingquestions.
Fun ARRLmembership (available onlyto licensedradioamateurs)givesyouavoice inhowtbe affairsof theorga
nization are governed. ARRLpolicyissetbya BoardofDirectors (one fromeachof 15 Divisions).Eachyear,one-third
of the ARRLBoard of Directorsstandsforelectionbythe fun memberstheyrepresent.Theday-to-dayoperationof
ARRLHQis managedbyanExecutive Vice Presidentand hisstaff.
No matter whataspectof AmateurRadio attractsyou,ARRLmembership isrelevant and important.There would
beno Amateur Radioaswe knowittodaywere itnotfor theARRL. Wewouldbe happyto welcomeyou asamember!
(AnAmateur Radio license isnotrequired forAssociate Membership.)For more information aboutARRLandanswers
toanyquestionsyou may have about AmateurRadio,writeorcall:
ARRL- the nationalassociationfor Amateur Radio
225MainStreet
NewingtonCT 06111-1494
Voice: 860-594-0200
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Internet: www.arrl.org!
Prospective new amateurscall(toll-free):
800-32-NEW HAM (800-326-3942)
[email protected]
orcheckoutARRLWebatwww.arrl.org/

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9
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Introduction to
Programming
Microcontrollers