Phytochemicals - A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health

548 Pages·2016·15.79 MB·English

by  Venketeshwer Rao (Ed.)

PHYTOCHEMICALS
– A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
OF THEIR ROLE IN
NUTRITION AND HEALTH

Edited by Venketeshwer Rao
Phytochemicals – A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health
Edited by Venketeshwer Rao

Published by InTech
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First published March, 2012
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Phytochemicals – A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health,
Edited by Venketeshwer Rao
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0296-0

Contents

Preface IX
Chapter 1 Phytochemicals: Extraction Methods, Basic Structures and
Mode of Action as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents 1
James Hamuel Doughari
Chapter 2 Structural Analysis of Flavonoids and Related Compounds
– A Review of Spectroscopic Applications 33
Pedro F. Pinheiro and Gonçalo C. Justino
Chapter 3 Analytical Methods
for Isolation, Separation and Identification
of Selected Furanocoumarins in Plant Material 57
Katarzyna Szewczyk and Anna Bogucka - Kocka
Chapter 4 Analytical Methods and Phytochemistry
of the Typical Italian Liquor “Limoncello”: A Review 93
Marcello Locatelli, Giuseppe Carlucci,
Salvatore Genovese and Francesco Epifano
Chapter 5 The Effects of Non-Thermal
Technologies on Phytochemicals 107
Gemma Oms-Oliu, Isabel Odriozola-Serrano
and Olga Martín-Belloso
Chapter 6 Phytochemical Constituents
and Activities of Morinda citrifolia L. 127
Duduku Krishnaiah, Rajesh Nithyanandam and Rosalam Sarbatly
Chapter 7 Flavonoids in some Iranian Angiosperms 151
Mitra Noori
Chapter 8 Phytochemicals from Beilschmiedia
anacardioides and Their Biological Significance 167
Nkeng-Efouet-Alango Pépin
VI Contents

Chapter 9 Phenolic Constituents
and Antioxidant Properties
of some Thai Plants 187
Pitchaon Maisuthisakul
Chapter 10 Lignans: Chemical and Biological Properties 213
Wilson R. Cunha, Márcio Luis Andrade e Silva,
Rodrigo Cassio Sola Veneziani,
Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio and Jairo Kenupp Bastos
Chapter 11 The Genus Galanthus:
A Source of Bioactive Compounds 235
Strahil Berkov, Carles Codina and Jaume Bastida
Chapter 12 Silymarin, Natural Flavonolignans from Milk Thistle 255
Sameh AbouZid
Chapter 13 Phytocannabinoids 273
Afeef S. Husni and Stephen J. Cutler
Chapter 14 Alkaloids and Anthraquinones from Malaysian Flora 287
Nor Hadiani Ismail, Asmah Alias and Che Puteh Osman
Chapter 15 Phytochemistry of some Brazilian
Plants with Aphrodisiac Activity 307
Cinara V. da Silva, Fernanda M. Borges and Eudes S. Velozo
Chapter 16 A Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological
Review of the Genus Erythrina 327
João X. de Araújo-Júnior, Mariana S.G. de Oliveira,
Pedro G.V. Aquino, Magna S. Alexandre-Moreira
and Antônio E.G. Sant’Ana
Chapter 17 Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Agronomy of Medicinal
Plants: Amburana cearensis, an Interdisciplinary Study 353
Kirley M. Canuto, Edilberto R. Silveira, Antonio Marcos E. Bezerra,
Luzia Kalyne A. M. Leal and Glauce Socorro B. Viana
Chapter 18 General Introduction on Family Asteracea 375
Maha Aboul Ela, Abdalla El-Lakany and Mohamad Ali Hijazi
Chapter 19 Bioavailability of Phytochemicals 401
Indah Epriliati and Irine R. Ginjom
Chapter 20 Ximenia americana: Chemistry,
Pharmacology and Biological Properties, a Review 429
Francisco José Queiroz Monte, Telma Leda Gomes de Lemos,
Mônica Regina Silva de Araújo and Edilane de Sousa Gomes
Contents VII

Chapter 21 Phytochemicals and Their Pharmacological
Aspects of Acanthopanax koreanum 451
Young Ho Kim, Jeong Ah Kim and Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
Chapter 22 Polyphenol Antioxidants and Bone Health: A Review 467
L.G. Rao, N. Kang and A.V. Rao
Chapter 23 The Pentacyclic Triterpenes , -amyrins:
A Review of Sources and Biological Activities 487
Liliana Hernández Vázquez, Javier Palazon
and Arturo Navarro-Ocaña
Chapter 24 Phytochemical Studies of Fractions and Compounds
Present in Vernonanthura Patens with Antifungal
Bioactivity and Potential as Antineoplastic 503
Patricia Isabel Manzano Santana, Mario Silva Osorio,
Olov Sterner and Esther Lilia Peralta Garcìa
Chapter 25 The Inhibitory Effect of Natural Stilbenes
and Their Analogues on Catalytic Activity
of Cytochromes P450 Family 1 in Comparison with
Other Phenols – Structure and Activity Relationship 519
Renata Mikstacka, Zbigniew Dutkiewicz,
Stanisław Sobiak and Wanda Baer-Dubowska

Preface

Since global recognition of the dietary guidelines that include increased consumption of
plant-based foods for the prevention of chronic diseases and maintaining good health,
there has been a considerable interest in the biologically active compounds that are
present in plant foods. These compounds have been referred to, among other terms, as
‘Phytochemicals’, ‘Phytonutrients’, ‘Nutraceuticals’ and ‘Functional ingredients”. They
include a multitude of compounds having different chemical identities, biological
activities and mechanisms of action. The scope of ‘Phytochemicals’ has expanded
beyond their initial applications to food to include therapeutics, pharmaceuticals and
cosmeceuticals. Although advancements have been made in the field of phytochemicals
in the past few decades, more information on the analytical methods of isolation and
characterization, their occurrence, biological activity, mechanisms of action and
applications to the food and other health industries need to be obtained through
systematic scientific investigations. Recognizing this need for more information, a plan
to publish a book that brings together up to date information on various aspects of
phytochemicals was initiated. This book is a collection of several articles that range in
scope from the diversity of their occurrence and chemical characteristics, analytical
challenges in their isolation and characterization, and the undertaking of basic and
clinical researches to evaluate their biological activities both in animal and human
health. The book provides a global perspective related to the phytochemicals present
not only in foods but also in medicinal plants. Internationally recognized authors that
have expertise in their own respective areas within the phytochemical discipline have
contributed to this book. Contents of this important and timely book are useful not
only to the researchers but also to health professionals, government regulatory
agencies and industrial personnel. It is with this vision that we present this book to
our readers and are confident that it will serve as a standard reference book in this
important field of human nutrition and health.

Dr. A. V. Rao
Professor Emeritus,
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
University of Toronto,
Canada