Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant & Antimicrobial Investigations of Methanolic Extract of Bark

81 Pages·2017·1.46 MB·English

Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant & Antimicrobial
Investigations of Methanolic Extract of Bark of Garcinia
cowa

A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Pharmacy, East West
University in the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy

Submitted by
Fahmida Akhter Trisha
ID: 2013-1-70-025
Department of Pharmacy
East West University
Declaration by the Research Candidate

I, Fahmida Akhter Trisha, hereby declare that this dissertation, entitled 'Phytochemical
Screening, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Investigations of Methanolic Extract of bark
of Garcinia cowa' submitted to the Department of Pharmacy, East West University, in the
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honors) is a
genuine & authentic research work carried out by me. The contents of this dissertation, in full
or in parts, have not been submitted to any other Institute or University for the award of any
Degree or Diploma or Fellowship.

--------------------------------------------
Fahmida Akhter Trisha
ID: 2013-1-70-025
Department of Pharmacy
East West University
Aftabnagar, Dhaka
Certificate by the Supervisor

This is to certify that the dissertation, entitled 'Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and
Antimicrobial Investigations of Methanolic Extract of bark of Garcinia cowa' is a
research work carried outby Fahmida Akhter Trisha (ID: 2013-1-70-025) in 2017, under
the supervisionand guidance of me, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree
ofBachelor of Pharmacy. The thesis has not formed the basis for the award of anyother
degree/diploma/fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of anyuniversity.

Nazia Hoque
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmacy,
East West University, Dhaka.
Endorsement by the Chairperson

This is to certify that the dissertation, entitled 'Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and
Antimicrobial Investigations of Methanolic Extract of bark of Garcinia cowa' is a
research work carried out by Fahmida Akhter Trisha (ID: 2013-1-70-025), under the
supervision and guidance of Ms. Nazia Hoque, Assistant Professor, Department of
Pharmacy, East West University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Pharmacy.

---------------------------------------

Dr. Chowdhury Faiz Hossain
Chairperson and Professor
Department of Pharmacy
East West University
Aftabnagar, Dhaka
Acknowledgement

All praise is for Almighty Allah for all the bounties granted to me and only with His
guidanceand help this achievement has become possible.

I am thankful to my honorable teacher and supervisor, Ms. Nazia Hoque, Assistant
Professor, Department of Pharmacy, East West University, for his amiability to provide me
with untiringguidance, whole cooperation and for his extensive knowledge in research that
helped me in allthe spheres to perform the research work.

I would also like to put forward my most sincere regards and profound gratitude to Dr.
Chowdhury Faiz Hossain, Chairperson and Professor, Department of Pharmacy, East
WestUniversity, for giving me the opportunity to conduct such an interesting project and
forfacilitating a smooth conduction of my study.

I would also like to extend my thanks to all the research students in the lab, lab officers and
otherstaffs of the Department of Pharmacy for their help and assistance, friendly behavior
and earnestco-operation which enabled me to work in a very congenial and comfortable
ambiance.

I owe special thanks to my fellow research group members for their immense support and
contribution in my research work.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family, and friends for their care
andencouragement during my research work.

Thank you.
Dedication

This Research Paper is dedicated to my beloved
parents and my family members, they are my
biggest inspiration.
Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical screening , antioxidant activity and
antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of bark of Garcinia cowa. After doing the
phytochemical screening , revealed the presence of flavanoid , saponin , steroid and tannin
and showed the absence of alkaloids and amtioxidant activity was measured by DPPH
scavenging assay having strong DPPH scavenging activity with % inhibition of 84%
compared to 92% of standard ascorbic acid in addition to total phenolic content was
411.5333 _+ 19.21805 mg / g gallic acid equivalent. It has also showed strong antibacterial
activity against Shigella dysenteriae (zone of inhibition ranged from 15 to 23 mm) and
Salmonella paratyphi (zone of inhibition ranged from 13 to 18 mm) and Bacillus sereus (zone
of inhibition ranged from 13 to 16 mm) and E. coli (zone of inhibition ranged from 9 to 15
mm) . This study might be helpful to further research to isolate chemical constituents
responsible for different medicinal value and drug development.

Key Words: Garcinia cowa, flavonoid , saponin, steroid, DPPH, Shigella dysenteriae.
INDEX
Chapter 1: Introduction
Serial No Topics Page No
1.1 General Introduction 2-3
1.2 Introduction to Medicinal Plant 3-6
1.2.1 Why do plants have medicinal properties? 6-8
1.3 Importance of some herbs with their medicinal values 8-10
1.4 Medicinal Plants in Ancient Traditions 10-11
1.5 Antioxidants 12
1.5.1 12
Antioxidants and free radicals
1.5.2 12-13
The effect of free radicals
1.5.3 13
Disease-fighting antioxidants
1.5.4 13-14
Sources of antioxidants
1.5.5 15
Vitamin supplements
1.5.6 15-16
General recommendations for antioxidants
1.6 16
Antibiotics from nature: traditional medicine as a source of
new solutions for combating antimicrobial resistance
1.6.1 Nature’s pharmacopoeia 17-18
1.6.2 Benefits and challenges of plants as a source of 18-20
antimicrobials
1.7 Introduction to Garcinia genus 20-21
1.8 Plant Review 21-26
Chapter 2: Literature Review

Serial No Topics Page No
2.1 The Use of Garcinia Extract (Hydroxycitric Acid) as a 28
Weight loss Supplement: A Systematic Review and Meta-

Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials
2.2 Xanthones of Garcinia cowa 28-29
2.3 Microencapsulation of Garcinia Cowa Fruit Extract and 29

Effect of its use on Pasta Process and Quality
2.4 Organic Acids from Leaves, Fruits, and Rinds of Garcinia 30

cowa
2.5 Cytotoxic compounds from the leaves of Garcinia cowa 30

Roxb.
2.6 Effects of Garcinia cambogia extract on serum sex 31

hormones in overweight subjects
2.7 Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of hydroxycitric acid 31-32

or Garcinia cambogia extracts in humans
2.8 Diuretic activity of leaves of garcinia cambogia in rats 32
2.9 Efficacy of Garcinia Cambogia on Body Weight, 32-33
Inflammation and Glucose Tolerance in High Fat Fed Male
Wistar Rats
2.10 Acute liver failure associated with Garcinia cambogia use 33
2.11 In vitro chromosome aberration test and In vivo 34
micronucleus test of Ca-type Garcinia extract
2.12 Garcinia Cambogia attenuates diet-induced adiposity but 34-35
exacerbates hepatic collagen accumulation and
inflammation
Chapter 3: Materials & Methods
Serial No Topics Page No
3.1 Theory of Phytochemical Screening 37

3.1.1.1. 37
Materials (Reagents and Tools) Used
3.1.1.2 Test Compounds 37

3.1.1.3 Preparation of Sample Solution 38

3.1.1.4 Phytochemical Tests 38-39

3.2 Determination of Antioxidant property 40

3.2.1 DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Assay 40-42
3.3 Determination of Total Phenolics Content 42-45
3.4 Antimicrobial Screening 45
3.4.1 46-47
Materials
3.3.2 48-50
Methods
3.3.3 50-51
Placement of Disc and Incubation
3.3.4 51
Determination of Zone of Inhibition