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wUoa 2009 16 105 (1): - 1 10, ISSN: 1815 - 8242 Phyto-chemical analysis of peruvian medicinal plants de Analisis fitoquimico plantas medicinales peruanas Rainer Bussmann, W. Ashley Glenn, Karen Meyer, Alyse Rothrock, Andrew Townesmith Brown MO William L. Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, 63166-0299, USA. [email protected] Douglas Sharon 2328 Dolphin Richmond, CA 94804, USA. Dr., Gonzalo Malca Departamento sidad Nacional de de Quimica, PERU. Trujillo, Trujillo, Fredy Perez A. Privada Antenor Orrego, Departamento Academico de Ciencias, Are; Av. America Sur 3145, Monserrate, PERU. [email protected] Trujillo, This study reports on the chemical compound composition of 78 species of plants traditionally used as medicines on the North coast of Pern. This assay serves as a baseline for more in-depth studies on plant compound composition and serves as background first to understand and better apply bio-assays results. Key words: Phyto-chemical analysis, medicinal plants, northern Peru. region de costa norte de Peni. Este ensayo preli como plantas medicinales, y tambien fondo pa Palabras clave: Analisis fitoquimico, plantas medicinales. Although phytochemistry and ethnbotany i (MHIRT) c 1 Orrego and Anticona Clinica r i enough research being done in phytochemistry, Trujillo, Peru and San Diego State Univereity, University is and of California Bericeley and Missouri Botanical garden in especially projects that link local hettal specialists with phytochemists and medical the US, began in the summer of 2005 to explore the traditional healers bioactivity of medicinal plant species documented ethnobotanists. Nothing at all has been published about compound chemical composition previously Very few conducted bioassays on the possible studies & Andean medicinal plants (Neto et al. 2002, Munoz responsible for the bioactivity of the local medicinal flora. Our ongoing project undertakes such a task using the Sauvain Bussmann 2002, et 2008). al. Phyto-Chemical analysis o : paradigm ice united with traditional ( and ices to validate further explain the prop that have been used for hundreds of ye 5 t-oam: saponins and Methods Materials Ferric chloride or gelatin: tannins Shinoda: flavonoids steroids Trujillo and Chiclayo and around the homes and DragendorflF: 5 in Fieldwork was conducted August-September in 2001, July-August 2002, July-August 2003, June-August 2004, July-August 2006, June-August 2007 i, 2008. For an exact description of the t &b collection methodology Bussmann see Sharon. The (2006). selected samples are and identified botanically classified. Then, they are dried shade in or at Steroids: Liebermann-Burchard To drops of 5 1. test. 40UC and pulverized. add extract, 5 drops of acetic anhydride and then 2 drops A of sulfiaric acid concentrate. green, blue, blue green, violet or red coloration indicates the presence of nucleo determine the type of metabolites present in a vegetal steroid or triterpenoid. The method extract. of consists submitting the vegetal extracts to specific reagents that generate colored 2 Quin To 5 drops of dried . compounds (Dominguez, Harbome, 1973; 1984; Tiease, 986; Barba, 1997). 5% 1 drops of NaOH. The 5 appearance of a red coloration in the aqueous phase of indicates the presence Extract preparation with solvents of different Weigh three samples of drie< material and (2.5g;2.5g; 5.0g), paper and them 200 ml b place in 5% KOHand of6% ml 10 hydrogen peroxide for5 n Add 30ml of solvent (chloroform, e and cool down. Separate the liquid extract and ac ml with 5 g rbath for 10 avoiding the complete i, Carry d. out the c To e. the beaker the irops of dried add 5 drops of extract, chloroform (dissolved) and carry r the Liebermann-Burchard t test. 105- 16(1): 110,: J Bussmann Ph\ et al.: two 10% drops of FeClj Id indicates the presence of hydrolysable green coloration indicates the presence of I New Chapman and Hall. York. and (acid b ;st & A drops of extract, add 3 drops of HCl c Obsen/e Munoz, V. Sauvain, M. 2002. Search for natu entrate. the color formed. To another sample drops of c extract. multidisciplinary approach: Part Evaluation of I. 5% add NaOH. 3 drops of Observe color formed. e The known Indians. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 69. 127-1 anthocyans are for theu to produce ility different colors a pH. Neto. C.C, Owens, C. W.. Langfield. R.l at different Comeau, A.B., Onge, J.S., Vaisberg, A.J. Hammond, m G.B. 2002. Antibacterial activity of so 2 Foam Saponins: test. Place 3 "the extract in a 3. Tannins: Ferric chloride or gelatin test. (5% Acidic Extract HCl) Wagner Alkaloids: Dragendorff Meyer, and test 1. Add so place in 3 test tubes, ml of acidic extract to each 1 two one, drops of the reagents Dragendorif, Mayer, and orange, white to cream and brown), the sample is Table gives an overview on the plants tested and 1 the secondary metabolites that they contained. The study conducted a phyto-chemical analysis on a total of 78 %) plants. Six (7.69 out ofthe 78 plants contained alkaloids. Bussmann Phyto-Chemical pemvian et ah: analysis of medicinj Table Plants and compounds tested their 1: ArmUha 105- 110,2009 16(1): Bussmann Phy to-Chemical et al.: analysis of peruvian medicinal plan; At)iibgrandfcfe(Mart)SanAivilh Abub Bussmann Phyto-Chemical et al: analysis 2009 105 6 - 10, (1): 1