Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Heart PDF
Preview Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Heart
PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART Developments Cardiovascular Medicine In Other volumes in this senes: Lancee CT, ed: Echocardiology, 1979, ISBN 90-247-2209-8. Baan], Arntzenius AC, Yellin EL, eds: Cardiac dynamics. 1980. ISBN 90-247-2212-8. Thalen H]T, Meere CC, eds: Fundamentals of cardiac pacing. 1970. ISBN 90-247-2245-4. Kulbertus HE, Wellens HJJ, eds: Sudden death. 1980. ISBN 90-247-2290-X. Dteifus LS, Brest AN, eds: Clinical applications of cardiovascular drugs. 1980. ISBN 90-247-2295-0. Spencer MP, Reid )M, cds: Cerebrovascular evaluation with Doppler ultrasound. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2348-1. Zipes DP, Bailey]C, Elharrar V, eds: The slow inward current and cardiac arrhythmias. 1980. ISBN 90-247-2380-9. Kesteloot H, ]oossens ]V, eds: Epidemiology of arterial blood pressure. 1980. ISBN 90-247-2386-8. Wackers F]T, ed: Thallium-201 and technetium-99m-pyrophosphate myocardial imaging in the coronary care unit. 1980. ISBN 90-247-2396-5. Maseri A, Marchesi C, Chierchia S, Trivella MG, eds: Coronary care units. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2456-2. Morgamoth J, Moore EN, Dreifus LS, Michelson EL, eds: The evaluarion of new antiarrhythmic drugs. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2474-0. Alboni P: Intraventricular conduction disturbances. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2483-X. Rijsterborgh H, ed: Echocardiology. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2491-0. Wagner GS, ed: Myocardial infarction: Measurement and intervention. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2513-5. Meltzer RS, Roelandt J, eds: Contrast echocardiography. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2531-3. Amery A, Fagard R, Lijnen R, Staessen J, cds: Hyperreu:o.lve cardiovascular disease; pathophysiology and treatment. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2534-8. Bouman LN, Jongsma HJ, eds: Cardiac rate and rhythm. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2626-3. Morganroth J, Moore EN. cds: The evaluation of beta blocker and calcium antagonist drugs. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2642-5. Rosenbaum MB, ed: Frontiers of cardiac electrophysiology. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2663-8. Roelandt J, Hugenholtz PG, eds: Long-term ambulatory electrocardiography. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2664-8 Adgey AAJ, ed: Acute phase of ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2675-1. Hanrath P, Bleifeld W, Souqucr,). cds: Cardiovascular diagnosis by ultrasound. Transesophageal, computerized, contrast, Doppler echocardiography. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2692-1. Roeland, J, ed: The practice of M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. 1983. ISBN 90-247-2745-6. Meyer J, Schweizer P, Erbel R, eds: Advances in noninvasive cardiology. 1983. ISBN 0-89838-576-8. Morganroth Joel, Moore EN. eds: Sudden cardiac death and congestive heart failure: Diagnosis and treatment. 1983. ISBN 0-89838-580-6. Perry HM, ed: Lifelong management of hypertension. ISBN 0-89838-582-2. Jaffe EA, ed: Biology of endothelial cells. ISBN 0-89838-587-3. Surawicz B, Reddy CP, Prystowsky EN, eds: Tachycardias. ISBN 0-89838-588-1. Spencer MP, ed: Cardiac Doppler diagnosis. ISBN 0-89838-591-1. Villareal HV, Sambhi MP, eds: Topics in pathophysiology of hypertension. ISBN 0-89838-595-4. Messerli FH, ed: Cardiovascular disease in the elderly. ISBN 0-89838-596-2. Simoons ML, Reiber JHC, eds: Nuclear imaging in clinical cardiology. ISBN 0-89838-599-7. Ter Keurs HEDJ, Schipperheym J], eds: Cardiac left ventricular hypertrophy. ISBN 0-89838-612-8. PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART Edited By Nicholas Sperelakis SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSlNESS MEDIA, BV. ~ " Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Physiology and pathophysiology of the heart. (Developments in cardiovascular medicine; v. 34) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Heart-Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Coronary circulation-Addresses, essays, lectures. 3. Heart Diseases-Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Sperelakis, Nick, 1930- II. Series. [DNLM: 1. Hearc- Physiology. 2. Heart-Physiopathology. WG 202 P5787) QPll1.4.P531984 612'.17 83-21926 ISBN 978-1-4757-1173-8 ISBN 978-1-4757-1171-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-1171-4 Copyright 1984 © by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston in 1984 Softcover :reprint of the ha:rdcover 1s t edition 1984 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher, Springer-Science+ Business Media, B.v. CONTENTS Contributing Authors vii 10. The Role of Na-Ca Exchange In Foreword XI Heart 199 R.J. Bing L.J. Mulfins Preface XIII N. Sperelakis 11. Methods for Detecting Calcium Release from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Skinned Cardiac Cells and the Relationships between I. CARDIAC MUSCLE Calculated Transsarcolemmal Calcium Movements and Calcium Release 215 1. Ultrastructure of Mammalian Cardiac Mus A. Fabiato and C.M. Baumgarten cle 3 M.S. Forbes and N. Sperelakis 12. Uptake of Calcium by the Sarcoplasmic Re ticulum and Its Regulation and Functional 2. Basic Pathologic Processes of the Heart: Re- Consequences 255 lationship to Cardiomyopathies 43 M. Tada, M. Shigekawa, and Y. Nimura L.M. Buja 13. Contractile and Mechanical Properties of the 3. Electrical Properties of Cells at Rest and Myocardium 279 Maintenance of the Ion Distributions 59 A.J. Brady N. Sperelakis 14. Substrate and Energy Metabolism of the 4. The Ionic Basis of Electrical Activity in the Heart 301 Heart 83 L.H. Opie R.S. Kass 15. Neural Control of the Heart 337 5. Electrogenesis of Pacemaker Potential as Re- M.N. Levy and P.J. Martin vealed by AV Nodal Experiments 97 H. lrisawa, A. Noma, S. Kokubun, and Y. Kurachi 16. The Development of Postsynaptic Cardiac Autonomic Receptors and Their Regulation 6. Cable Properties and Conduction of the of Cardiac Function during Embryonic, Fe- Action Potential: Excitability, Sources, and tal, and Neonatal Life 355 Sinks 109 A.J. Pa ppano M.F. Arnsdorf 17. Mechanisms of Adrenergic and Cholinergic 7. The Electrocardiogram and Its Relationship Regulation of Myocardial Contractility to Excitation of the Heart 141 377 R.C. Barr A.M. Watanabe and).P. Lindemann 8. The Slow Action Potential and Properties of 18. The Pharmacology of Cardiac Glycosides the Myocardial Slow Channels 159 405 N. Sp erelakis T. M. Brody and T. Akera 9. Excitation-Contraction Coupling: Relation 19. Effects of and the Mechanism of Action of ship of the Slow Inward Current to Con- Calcium Antagonists and Other Antianginal traction 187 Agents 421 T. F. McDonald A. Fleckenstein and G. Fleckenstein-Grun v VI CONTENTS 20. Cellular Electrophysiology and Ischemia II. CORONARY CIRCULATION 443 R. Lazzara and B J. Scherlag 31. Effects of Toxic Substances on the Heart 639 21. Mechanism of Action of Antiarrhythmic vJ . Ferrans Drugs 459 L.M. Hondeghem and B.G. Katzung 32. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Other Periendothelial Cells of Mammalian Heart 22. Calcium and the Injured Cardiac M yo- 659 cyte 477 M.S. Forbes W.G. Nayler and MJ. Daly 33. The Pathogenesis of Coronary Atheroscle- 23. Cell Coupling and Healing-over in Cardiac rosis 687 Muscle 493 S.D. Gertz and A. Kurgan w.e. De Mello 34. Electrophysiology of Vascular Smooth Mus- 24. Effects of Cardiotoxins on Membrane Ionic cle 707 Channels 503 N. SPerelakis M. Lazdunski andIF. Renaud 35. Electromechanical and Pharmacomechanical 25. Cardiac Hypertrophy and Altered Cellular Coupling In Vascular Smooth Muscle Electrical Activity of the Myocardium: Pos 737 sible Electrophysiologic Basis for Myocardial G. Droogmans and R. Casteels Contractility Changes 521 R.E. Ten Eick and A.L. Bassett 36. Vascular Muscle Membrane Properties in Hypertension 749 26. Developmental Changes in Membrane Elec- K. Hermsmeyer trical Properties of the Heart 543 N. SPerelakis 37. Mechanical Properties, Contractile Proteins, and Regulation of Contraction of Vascular 27. Aging of the Adult Heart 575 Smooth Muscle 757 E. G. Lakatta S.P. Oriska 28. Hormonal Effects on Cardiac Performance 38. Metabolism and Energetics of Vascular 593 Smooth Muscle 781 E. Markin I w. Peterson 29. Cardioplegia: Principles and Problems 39. Control of the Coronary Circulation 797 605 H. V. Sparks, Jr., R.D. Wangler, and D.F. DeWitt M. M. Gebhard, H J. Bretschneider, and C J. Preusse 40. Coronary Artery Spasm 819 30. The Effects of the Volatile Anesthetic P.O. Henry Agents on the Heart 617 M.G. Pratita and V. Pratilas Index 834 CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Dr. Tai Akera Dr. 1. Maximilian Buja Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Pathology Life Sciences Building School of Medicine Michigan State University University of Texas East Lansing, MI 48824 USA 5232 Harry Hines Boulevard Chicago, IL 6061 1 USA Dallas, TX 75235 USA Dr. Morton F. Arnsdorf Prof. R. Casteels Department of Medicine Laboratorium voor Fysiologie School of Medicine K. U. 1. Campus Gasthuisberg University of Chicago Herestraat Chicago, IL 60637 USA B-300 Leuven, Belgium Dr. Roger C. Barr Dr. M.J. Daly Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Medicine Duke University School of Medicine University of Melbourne Durham, NC 27706 USA Austin Hospital Heidelberg Dr. Arthur 1. Bassett Victoria, Australia Department of Pharmacology Northwestern University Medical School Prof. Walmor C. De Mello Chicago, IL 60611 USA Department of Pharmacology Medical Sciences Campus Dr. Clive Marc Baumgarten University of Puerto Rico Department of Physiology GPO Box 5067 Medical College of Virginia San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936 Box 551 Richmond, VA, 23298 USA Dr. Donald F. DeWitt Department of Physiology Dr. Richard J. Bing School of Medicine Huntington Memorial Hospital Michigan State University 100 Congress Street East Lansing, MI 48824 USA Pasadena, CA 91105 USA Dallas, TX 75235 USA Dr. Steven R. Driska Physiology Department, Box 55 1 Dr. Allan J. Brady Medical College of Virginia Medical Center Virginia Commonwealth University University of California MCV Station Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA Richmond, VA 23298 USA Prof. Hans Jiirgen Bretschneider Dr. G. Droogmans Institute of Physiology Laboratorium voor Fysiologie University of Gottingen K.U.1. Campus Gasthuisberg D-3400 Gottingen Herestraat West Germany B-300 Leuven, Belgium Dr. Theodore M. Brody Dr. Alexandre Fabiato Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Physiology Life Sciences Building Medical College of Virginia Michigan State University Box 551 East Lansing, MI 48824 USA Richmond, VA 23298 USA VII viii CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Dr. Victor J. Ferrans Prof. H. Irisawa, M.D. Pathology Branch National Institute for Physiological Sciences National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Okazaki National Institutes of Health Myodiji, 444 Japan Bethesda, MD 20014 USA Dr. Robert S. Kass Prof. A. Fleckenstein Physiology Department Albert -Ludwigs-U niversitat School of Medicine Physiologisches Institut University of Rochester Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7 601 Elmwood Avenue D7800 Freiburg, West Germany Rochester, NY 14642 USA Dr. G. Fleckenstein-Grun Dr. Bertram G. Katzung Albert -Ludwigs-U niversitat Department of Pharmacology Physiologisches Institut School of Medicine Hermann-Herder-Strasse 7 University of California/San Francisco D-7800 Freiburg, West Germany San Francisco, CA 94143 USA Prof. Michael S. Forbes Dr. S. Kokubun Department of Physiology National Institute for Physiological Sciences School of Medicine Okazaki University of Virginia Myodiji, 444 Japan Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA Dr. Y. Kurachi Dr. Martha Maria Gebhard National Institute for Physiological Sciences Institute of Physiology Okazaki University of Gottingen Myodiji, 444 Japan D-3400 Gottingen Dr. Adi Kurgan West Germany Department of Anatomy and Embryology Dr. S. David Gertz Hebrew University Department of Anatomy and Embryology Hadassah Medical School Hebrew University PO Box 102 Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem, Israel PO Box 102 Dr. Edward G. Lakatta, Chief Jerusalem, Israel Cardiovascular Section Dr. Philip D. Henry National Institute on Aging Department of Medicine 4940 Eastern Avenue Cardiovascular Division Baltimore, MD 21224 USA Baylor College of Medicine Prof. Michel Lazdunski Methodist Hospital Centre de Biochimie 6516 Bertner Avenue Faculte S.P.CN.I. Houston, TX 77030 USA Universite de Nice/Pare Valrose Dr. Kent Hermsmeyer F-06034 Nice, France Department of Pharmacology Dr. Ralph Lazzara College of Medicine Med.lCardiol. Sec. University of Iowa Oklahoma Univ. Health Science Center Bowen Science Building PO Box 26901 Iowa City, IA 52242 USA Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA Dr. Luc M. Hondeghem Dr. Matthew N. Levy Department of Pharmacology Department of Investigative Medicine University of California/San Francisco Mount Sinai Hospital San Francisco, CA 94143 USA Cleveland, OH 44106 USA CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS ix Dr. Jon P. Lindemann Dr. John W. Peterson Richard 1. Roudebush Veterans Administration Neurosurgical Services Medical Center Warren-4 Building and Krannert Institute of Cardiology Massachusetts General Hospital 1001 W. 10th Street Boston, MA 02114 USA Indianapolis, IN 46202 Dr. Margaret G. Pratila Dr. Paul J. Martin Anesthesiology Department Department of Investigative Medicine Memorial/Sloane Kettering Hospital Mount Sinai Hospital New York, NY USA Cleveland, OH 44106 USA Dr. Vasilios Pratilas Dr. Terence F. McDonald Anesthesiology Department Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mount Sinai School of Medicine Dalhousie University 1 Gustave Levy Place Halifax NS B3H 4H7 New York, NY 10029 USA Canada Dr. Claus J iirgen Preusse Dr. Eugene Morkin Institute of Physiology Division of Cardiology University of Gottingen College of Medicine D-3400 Gottingen University of Arizona West Germany Tucson, AZ 85724 USA Dr. Jean-Francois Renaud Dr. Lorin J. Mullins University of Nice Biophysics Department Centre de Biochimie University of Maryland Faculte des Sciences, Parc Val rose Baltimore, MD 21201 USA F-06034 Nice, France Dr. Winifred G. Nayler Dr. Benjamin J. Scherlag Department of Medicine University of Oklahoma College of Med. University of Melbourne VA Hospital Austin Hospital Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA Heidelberg Dr. Munekazu Shigekawa Victoria, Australia National Cardiovascular Research Institute Dr. A. Noma Suita 565, Japan National Institute for Physiological Studies Dr. Harvey V. Sparks, Jr. Okazaki Department of Physiology Myodiji, 444 Michigan State University Japan East Lansing, MI 48824 USA Dr. Yasuharu Nimura Prof. Nicholas Sperelakis National Cardiovascular Research Institute Department of Physiology Suita 565, Japan University of Cincinnati Medical Center Prof. 1. H. Opie 231 Bethesda Avenue Department of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio 45267 USA School of Medicine Dr. Michihiko Tada University of Cape Town First Department of Internal Medicine Observatory 7925 University of Osaka Cape Town, South Africa Kukushima-ku Dr. Achilles J. Pappano Osaka 553, Japan Department of Pharmacology Dr. Robert E. Ten Eick University of Connecticut Health Center Department of Pharmacology 2 Holcomb Street Northwestern University Medical School Farmington, CT 06032 USA Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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