Physiology and management of mangroves

111 Pages·1984·3.063 MB·English

by  G. V. Joshi, Shubhangi Sontakke, Leela Bhosale (auth.), H. J. Teas (eds.)

Physiology and management of mangroves
Tasks for vegetation science 9
Series Editor
HELMUT LIETH
University of Osnabriick, F.R. G.
OTHER BOOKS IN THE TASKS FOR VEGETATION SCIENCE SERIES
1 Box, E.O. Macroclimate and Plant Forms. An introduction to predictive modelling in phytogeography.
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2 Navin Sen, D. & Singh Rajpurohit, K. Contributions to the Ecology of Halophytes.
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3 Ross, J. The Radiation Regime and Architecture of Plant Stands.
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4 Margaris, N.S. & Mooney, H.A. (eds) Components ofP roductivity ofM editerranean - Climate, Regions.
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5 Miiller, M.J. Selected Climatic Data for a Global Set of Standard Stations for Vegetation Science.
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6 Roth, 1. Stratification in Tropical Forests as seen in Leaf Structure.
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7 Steubing, L. & Jager, H.J. Monitoring of Air Pollutants by Plants: Methods and Problems.
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8 Teas, H.J. Biology and Ecology of Mangroves.
ISBN 90 6193948 8
9 Teas, H.J. Physiology and Management of Mangroves.
ISBN 90 6193 949 6
10 Feoli, E., Lagonegro, M. & Orl6ci, L. Information Analysis of Vegetation Data.
ISBN 90 6193 950 X
11 Sestak, Z. (ed) Photosynthesis during Leaf Development.
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12 Medina, E., Mooney, H.A. & Vazquez-Yanes, C. (eds) Physiological Ecology ofP lants oft he Wet Tropics.
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Physiology and management of mangroves
edited by
H.J. TEAS
1984 DR W. JUNK PUBLISHERS
a member of the KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP
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jor all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center,
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Ibysiology and management of mangroves.
(Tasks for vegetation science; v. 9)
Papers presented at the Second International
Symposium on the Biology and Managment of Mangroves,
held at Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea in 1980.
1. Mangrove plants--Congresses. 2. Coastal. zone
management--Congresses. 3. Coastal. zone management-
Tropics--Congresses. I. Teas, Howard J. (Howard Jones),
1920- • II. International. Symposium on the Biology
and Management of Mangroves (2nd : 1980 : Port Moresby,
Papua New Guinea) III. Series.
QK938.M27P19 1983 583.42 83-19932
ISBN-IJ: 978-94-009-6574-4 e-ISBN-IJ: 978-94-009-6572-0
001: 10.1007/978-94-009-6572-0
Cover design: Max Velthuijs
Copyright
© 1984 by Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1984
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
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Dr W. Junk Publishers, P.O. Box 13713, 2501 ES The Hague, The Netherlands
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CONTENTS OF
Biology and ecology of mangroves
H.J. TEAS (ed.)
Published as Volume 8 of the series Tasks for Vegetation Science
1. Development of mangrove forests from a geological perspective
by C.D. Woodroffe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Evidence for an Upper Carboniferous mangrove community
by A. Raymond and T.L. Phillips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3. Ecological notes on the mangroves of Fujian, China
by Lin Peng and Wei Xin-men...... . . . .. . .... .... . . .. .. ..... .. . .. . .... ... . . . .. .. ... 31
4. A general account of the mangroves of Princess Charlotte Bay with partic1ar reference to zonation
of the open shoreline
by J.A. Elsol and P. Saenger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5. Aspects of the development of mangals in the Townsville Region, North Queensland, Australia
by A.P. Spenceley . .... . ... .. . .... . .... ..... ... . ... . .. . .... . . . .. . .... ... . . . . ... .. . 47
6. Distribution of mangrove species in Australia
by A.G. Wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
7. The New Zealand Mangrove Association
by F.J. Taylor..... ..... . .. ... .... . .... ..... ... . . ... .. . . . .. . .... ... . . ..... .. . .. . .. 77
8. Mangroves in New Zealand
by V.J. Chapman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
9. An introduction to the nomenclature and taxonomy of the mangrove flora in Papua New Guinea
and adjacent areas
by J.S. Womersley.... .. ... .. . .... ... . . . .. .. ... .. . . . .. . .... ... . . . .. .. ... .. . . ... ... 87
10. Mangrove fishes of New Guinea
by B.B. Collette. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
11. The faunal communities of Australian mangroves
by P.A. Hutchings and H.F. Recher. .... . ... .. ..... .. . .. . .... ... . . ... .. ... .. . . ... ... 103
12. Distribution of Phycomycetes in mangrove swamps with brackish waters and waters of high
salinity
by A. Ulken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
13. Inheritance of Albinism in the Red Mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L.
by S.H. Handler and H.J. Teas. .... .... . .. . .. .... . . . ... ..... ... . . .. ... .. . . . . . ... ... 117
14. Significance of cryptovivipary in Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco
by L.J. Bhosale and L.S. Shinde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
15. Succession in zoned mangrove communities: where is the climax?
by I.M. Johnstone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
16. Degradation of mangrove leaf and stem tissues in situ in Mgeni Estuary, South Africa
by T.D. Steinke, G. Naidoo and L.M. Charles............................... ......... 141
17. Mangroves and sewage: are-evaluation
by B.F. Clough, K.G. Boto and P.M. Attiwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
18. Ecology of a mangrove swamp near Juhu Beach, Bombay with reference to sewage pollution
by S.N. Dwivedi and K.G. Padmakumar.. . . .. . . . .. . ... .. ... . . . . . ... . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . .. 163
19. Impact of oil spills on mangrove forests
by R.R. Lewis. .... ..... ... .. ... ... .... . .... . . . . . . .... .... . ... . .. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. 171
20. The effects of oil pollution on mangroves and fisheries in Ecuador and Colombia
by A. Jernel6v and O. Linden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Professor G. V. Joshi (August 19, 1925-July 24,1982)
IN MEMORIAM
GOVIND VISHNU JOSHI
1925-1982
G.V. Joshi received his Doctorate from the University of Bombay. In 1967, after 17 years on the faculty of
Wilson College in Bombay, he became Head of Botany at Shivaji University at Kolhapur. During 1959-61 he
was a National Academy of Sciences Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Southern California.
Although most of us knew Joshi for his outstanding work on mangroves, his field was basically plant
physiology. He worked principally on photosynthesis and mineral metabolism. His investigations involved
marine algae, mangroves and other halophytes as well as a few crop plants. Joshi published more than 50
papers, mostly on photosynthesis, enzymes of photosynthesis, and photosynthesis and relationships of
mangroves to salinity. He presented papers at both the First International Symposium on the Biology and
Management of Mangroves in Hawaii in 1974 and at the Second Symposium at Port Moresby, Papua New
Guinea in 1980.
Professor Joshi served as President of the Indian Society of Planf P.hysiologists and on a variety of UN and
other agency and government committees and study groups. He was editor-in-chief of the Indian Journal of
Plant Physiology. In 1981 Professor Joshi was awarded the J.J. Chinoy Gold Medal as 'The Best Plant
Physiologist in India' by the Indian Society of Plant Physiologists. He was clearly an outstanding scientist by
international standards as well.
Professor Joshi was a scholar. In addition, he was a kindly and patient man with a sense of humor and a
good teacher. Fifteen students finished their doctorates under his direction.
Professor Joshi's contributions were great. He is missed by his many friends and colleagues.
HOWARD J. TEAS
CHAPTER 1
Photosynthesis and photorespiration in mangroves
G.V. JOSHI*, SHUBHANGI SONTAKKE, LEELA BHOSALE and A.P. WAGHMODE
Botany Department, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
Abstract. It has been shown in our earlier work that in many mangroves aspartate is synthesized within a
period of less than five seconds and to avoid intense light and high temperatures of midday, the stomata
remain wide open in the early morning up to 10-11 a.m. In the present investigation this has been confirmed
in Lumnitzera and Ceriops. A further probe into the intricate process of photosynthesis in Rhizophora
mucronata Lamk, Rhizophora apiculata Bl., Ceriops tagal (Perr) C.B. Rob, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L)
Lamk, Avicennia officinalis L., Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. Aegiceras corniculatum (L) Blanco,
Lumnitzera racemosa (Willd) and Acanthus ilicifolius L. by supplying uniformly labelled aspartate and
studying enzymes of carbon fixation has also been attempted. In these mangroves the activity of PEP Case is
considerably higher than that of RuBP Case and justifies synthesis of aspartate as the initial product. The
activity of pyruvate-Pi-dikinase can be detected in all these mangroves which provides continuous supply of
PEP for carbon assimilation. The decarboxylating enzyme in the form of NAD-malic enzyme is also
detected. CO compensation point in Lumnitzera and Ceriops are low. The pulse chase experiment with
2
14C0 and labelled aspartate, the photosynthetic enzyme studies and photo respiration in Lumnitzera and
2
Ceriops suggest operation of a modified C4 path in the mangroves. It is argued that such a pathway is a
physiological response to ecological conditions which impose stress on the ecosystem.
Introduction to good agriculture land'. According to Teas (1977)
mangroves are valuable for shoreline protection
The role played by the mangrove vegetation in the and stabilization as well as habitat for wild life and
ecosystems of the world is being increasingly un sources of photosynthetic productivity. In spite of
derstood today. According to Pannier (1979) man this, there is little information on the basic process
groves represent a typical ecosystem found along of photosynthesis in mangroves. This information
many tropical coasts and estuaries. As a nutrient is all the more necessary because these plants have
filter and synthesizer of organic matter, mangroves a mechanism which will be useful in silviculture and
create a living buffer between land and sea. The agriculture with saline water. Teas (1979) has tried
SCOR/UNESCO panel (1976) has stated 'Scien to use this basic information on mangroves while
tists are agreed that mangrove areas, farfrom being discussing silviculture with saline water. Similarly
waste lands, are highly productive and comparable the information on photosynthesis of mangroves
* (Paper prepared for Second International Symposium on biology, and management of mangroves and tropical shallow water
communities, Port Moresby, Papua-New Guinea, July 1980)
H.J. Teas (ed) , Physiology and management of mamzroves.
©1984 Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague. ISBN-13: 978-94-009-6574-4