Physics of Solar Planetary Environments: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solar - Terrestrial Physics, June 7-18,1976 Boulder, Colorado, Volume I PDF
Preview Physics of Solar Planetary Environments: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solar - Terrestrial Physics, June 7-18,1976 Boulder, Colorado, Volume I
PHYSICS OF SOLAR PLANETARY ENVIRONMENTS Copyright ¸ 1976 by the American Geophysical Union I_ibrary of Congress No. 76-29443 I SBN 8-87590-204-9 PHYSICS OF SOLAR PLANETARY ENVIRONMENTS Proceedingso f the InternationalS ymposiumo n Solar--TerrestriaPl hysics JUNE 7-18,1976 BOULDER, COLORADO VOLUME I Edited by Donald J. Williams Publishedb y American GeophysicalU nion SPONSORED BY AHERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION CO-SPONSORED BY , (cid:127) COHHITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH SPECIAL COHHITTEE ON SOLAR TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF GEODESY AND GEOPHYSICS INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOHICAL UNION HOSTED BY NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATHOSPHERIC ADHINISTRATION NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATHOSPHERIC RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO UNIVERSITY OF DENVER TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWARD xi INTRODUCTION xiii INVITED REVIEW PAPERS AND INVITED PAPERS VOLUME I SESSION IS-I SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL SYSTEM-SOLARC YCLE MANIFESTATIONS SOLARC YCLE REVIEW (GENERALA SPECTS) S.-I. Akasofu, University of Alaska PHENOMENOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE SOLAR CYCLE 34 Robert Howard, Hale Observatories SOLAR CYCLE MANIFESTATIONS IN THE INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM 47 Herbert S. Bridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology SOLAR CYCLE MANIFESTATIONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE-UPPER ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM 63 Bengt Hultqvist, Kiruna Geophysical Institute TS-I SOLAR DYNAMICS AND MODULATIONO F SOLAR PHOTONA ND PARTICLE FLUX MAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE 89 Jacques M. Beckers, Sacramento Peak Observatory THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CORONAL HOLES 114 J. D. Bohlin, E. O. Hulbert Center for Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS 129 Zden(cid:127)k (cid:127)vestka, AmericaSn cience& EngineeringI,n c. THE SOLAR FLARE PHENOMENON 144 E. R. Priest, The University, St. Andrews, Scotland ANALOGIES OF SOLAR FLARES AND MAGNETOSPHERIC STORMS 170 Tatsuzo Obayashi, University of Tokyo SOLAR FLARE X-RAY AND EUV EMISSION: A TERRESTRIAL VIEWPOINT 178 Richard F. Donnelly, NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory RADIO OBSERVATIONS OF CORONAL PHENOMENA AND SOLAR FLARES 193 S. F. Smerd, CSIRO, Australia SOLAR PARTICLE EMISSION 214 E. C. Roelof, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory v I$-2 ENERG(cid:127) TRANSFER PROCESSES IN NATURAL PLASMAS DIFFUSION PROCESSES IN MAGNETIZED PLASMAS 232 D. B. Melro%e, The Australian National University LABORATOREYX PERIMENTS( PLASMAI NTRUSION INTO THE 241 MAGNETICF IELD) I. M. Podgorny, 5pace Research Institute, Academy of Rciences, USSR INTERPRETATION OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS OF INTEREST TO 5PACE PHYSICS 255 Lars P. Block, The Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM-PROPAGATION OF THE SOLAR OUTPUT THROUGHOUTT HE SOLAR SYSTEM FLOW OF MASS AND ENERGY IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM 27O W. I. Axford, Max-Planck-lnstitut f(cid:127)r Aeronomie M-REGION PHENOMENA L. F. Burlaga, Goddard 5pace Flight Center, NASA TRANSIENT PHENOMENA IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE AND SOLAR WIND 286 J. T. Gosling, University of California, Los A1amos Scientific Laboratory SOLAR WIND OBSERVATIONS THROUGHOUT THE SOLAR SYSTEM 304 Michael D. Montgomery, Max-P1anck-lnstitut f(cid:127)r Physik and Astrophysik PRELIMINARY RESULT5 OF HELIOS PLASMA MEASUREMENT5 319 H. Rosenbauer, H. Miggenrieder, M. Montgomery, R. 5chwenn, Max-Planck Institute MARINER 10 INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD RESULTS 332 K. W. Behannon, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA THE INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM AT LARGE HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCES: PIONEERS1 0 AND 11' Edwin J. Smith, Jet Propulsion Laboratory John N. Wolfe, Ames Research Center ENERGETIC PARTICLES THROUGHOUT SOLAR SYSTEH 346 G. Wibberenz, Institut f(cid:127)r Reine und Angewandte Kernphysik, Universit(cid:127)t Kiel, FRG OUR QUANTITATIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE CORONAL EXPANSION 366 Thomas E. Nolzer, High Attitude Observatory, NCAR Manuscript Not Available vi THE INTERNAL PLASMA STATE OF THE HIGH SPEED SOLAR WIND AT 1AU 413 W. C. Feldman, B. Abraham-Shrauner, J. R. Asbridge, S. J. Bame University of California, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory THE INFLUENCE OF CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE SOLAR WIND 428 G. W. Pneuman, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR LATITUDINALV ARIATIONSI N THE SOLARW IND 443 S. T. Suess, NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory THES OLAWR IND--WHNAETX T? Thomas Gold, Cornell University IS-3 (cid:127)LASMA BOUNDARV LAVERS AND SHOCKS COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS 464 A. A. Galeev, Space Research Institute, Academy of Sciences, USSR PLASMBAO UNDARIIENS S PACE Michael Schulz, ß The Aerospace Corporation HYDROMAGNETITCU RBULENCEA SSOCIATEDW ITH PLASMAD ISCONTINUITIES 505 Akira Hasegawa and Kinioki Mima, Bell Laboratories VOLUME TS-3 DVNAMICS OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE-ATMOSPHSEVRSET EM A SUMMARYO F OBSERVATIONSO F THE EARTH'S BOWS HOCK 511 D. H. Fairfield, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA RECONNEXION 526 C. T. Russell, University of Californi& at Los Angeles MAGNETOPAUSAEN D BOUNDARYL AYER 541 Bengt U. O. Sonnerup, Dartmouth College THE MAGNETOTAIL: ITS GENERATIONA ND DISSIPATION 558 Edward W. Hones, Jr., University of California, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory FIELD AND PARTICLE OBSERVATIONS IN THE MAGNETOTAIL RELATED TO THE RECONNECTION PROCESS 572 A. Nis(cid:127)hida, University of Tokyo ENERGYT RANSPORTA NO OIFFUSION 582 S. W. H. Cowley, Imperial College, London INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELDS AND MAGNETOSPHERIC PHENOMENA: DEPENDENCE OF POLAR CAP MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE NORTHWARD COMPONENOTF THE IMF 608 Kiyoski Maezawa, University of Tokyo vii CONVECTION 617 M. Harel, R. A. Wolf, Rice University MAGNETOSPHERIC INSTABILITIES Richard M. Thorn(cid:127), University of California at Los Angeles , THE MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE SYSTEM V. Vasyliunas, Max-Planck-Institute THE DYNAMICS OF THE IONOSPHERE AND UPPER ATMOSPHERE 63O J. V..Evans, M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory THE COLD PLASMA THROUGHOUT THE MAGNETOSPHERE 672 K. I. Gringauz, Space Research Institute, Academy of Sciences, USSR HOT PLASMAS IN THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE 685 L. A. Frank, The University of Iowa RING CURRENT LOSS MECHANISMS AND COMPOSITION AS INFERRED 701 FROM EQUATORIAL PITCH ANGLE DISTRIBUTIONS OBSERVED DURING A STORM RECOVERY PHASE Lawrence R. Lyons, NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory ION COMPOSITION 716 Theodore A. Fritz, NOAA(cid:127) Space Environment Laboratory THE ACCELERATION OF CHARGED PARTICLES AT LOW ALTITUDES 730 David S. Eva,(cid:127)s, NOAA(cid:127) Space Environment Laboratory SUBSTORM EFFECTS OBSERVED IN THE AURORAL PLASMA 740 J. L. Burch, S. A. Fields, R. A. Heel is Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA ELECTROSTATIC TURBULENCE IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE 760 Donald A. Gurnett, The University of Iowa THE ROLE OF MANMADE VLF SIGNALS AND NOISE IN WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE 772 C. G. Park, Stanford University HYDROMAGNETIC WAVES. 784 L. J. Lanzerotti, Bell Laboratories IS-4 ORIGIN OF MAGNETIC FIELDS THROUGHOUTTH E SOLAR SYSTEM LARGE-SCALE PLASMA PROCESSES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM 798 K. Schindler, Ruhr-Universit(cid:127)t BochumF,R G THE MAGNETIC FIELDS OF PLANETS 812 E. N. Parker, University of Chicago *ManuscriptN ot Available viii Page TS-4 DYNAMICS OF PLANETARY MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERES YSTEMS JUPITER'S DISTANT ENVIRONMENT 836 M. G. Kivelson, University of California at Los Angeles THE INNER MAGNETOSPHERE OF JUPITER W. Fillius, University of California at San Diego MARS-PLASMAE NVIRONMENT 854 O. L. Vaisberg, Space Research Institute, USSR THE MAGNETOSPHEROEF MARS 872 Sh. Sh. Dolginov, Academy of Science, USSR ß INTERACTION OF THE SOLARW IND WITH VENUS 889 R. E. Hattie, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA ION FLUX PARAMETERS IN THE SOLAR WIND - VENUS INTERACTION REGIONA CCORDINGT O VENERA-9A ND VENERA-10 DATA 904 O. L. Vaisberg, S. A. Romanov, V. N. Smirnov, I. P. Karpinsky, B. I. Khazanov, B. V. Polenov, A. V. Bogdanov and N.M. Antonov Space Research Institute, USSR PLASMAO BSERVATIONSN EAR VENUS ONBOARDT HE VENERA9 AND IO SATELLITES BY MEANSO F WIDE-ANGLE PLASMAD ETECTORS 918 K. I. Gringauz, V. V. Bezrukikh, T. K. Breus, T. Gombosi, A. P. Remozov, M. I. Verigin and G. I. Volkov Space Research Institute, USSR MAGNETICF IELD MEASUREMENATRSO UNDVE NUS* Sh. Sh. Dolginov, Ye. G. Yeroshenko, L. N. Zhugov, B. V. Busin, and V. A. Shatova, Academy of Sciences, USSR THE MAGNETOSPHERE OF MERCURY 933 N. F. Ness, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA IS-5 SOLAR TERRESTRIAL SYSTEM: LONG TERM VARIATIONS HISTORY OF SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL RELATIONS AS DEDUCED FROM SPACECRAFATN DG EOMAGNETDICA TA:S OLARM REGIONS 947 J. M. Wilcox, Stanford University THE SUN SINCE THE BRONZEA GE 958 J. Eddy, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR AGEORMACGNHETICE OSECMUALANAR PDGVAAR NIALTEIOENTSO ICMAS SAINTDGICUAN D(cid:127) EEDI ETBYSI C Edwin E. Larson, University of Colorado , SOLAR WIND IN THE PAST Johannes Geiss, Universitat Bern Manuscript Not Available LONG-TERM ASPECTS OF MAGNETOSPHERIC VARIABILITY 973 G. L. Siscoe, University of CAlifornia at Los Angeles TS-5 EFFECTS OF SOLA(cid:127) TERRESTRIAL DYNAMICS ON MAN'S IMMEDIATE ENVIRONMENT CAUSE-EFFECT INFERENCES IN GEOPHYSICAL STATISTICAL STUDIES 1005 C. O. Hines, University of Toronto E(cid:127)IDENCE OF SUN-WEATHER RELATIONS 1012 L. Svalgaard, Stanford University SOLAR-WEATHESRT UDIES--PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS* George C. Reid, NOAA SPAC.E CRAFT CHARGING PROBLEMS 1024 Alan Rosen, TRW Systems Group Manuscript Not Available FOREWARD The International Symposiumo n Solar-Terrestrial Physics held in Boulder, Colorado on June 7-18, 1976, was an attempt to critically look at energy, momentum, and mass transfer processes throughout the solar system as well as an attempt to bring together for a two-week period active researchers through- out most aspects of solar system physics. The meeting was sponsored by the American Geophysical Union and co-sponsored by the IUGG/IAGA, COSPARa nd SCOSTEP. The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the University of Colorado and the University of Denver hosted the meeting. The meeting was attended by 428 registrants representing 22 countries. A list (cid:127)f registrants, as well as the final program of invited speakers are enclosed for reference purposes. The invited speakers did an excellent job both in preparing their talks and in promptly submitting their manuscripts so that the Proceedings could be published in a timely manner. I wish to thank the Program Committee, listed below, for their help in planning the program, and in particular Drs. A. J. Hundhausen, G. Newkirk, J. G. Roederer, G. Speiser and N. F. Ness for the extra efforts they contri- buted to the success of th'is meeting. I further wish to thank the Organizing Committee, listed below, and in particular Dr. H. Sauer for the extraordinary contribution he made in guaranteeing a successful meeting through its excellent organization and attention to the needs of the registrants. Aiding Dr. Sauer in this latter effort were Ms. N. Hayes and P. Yotka. These proceedings contain all available invited presentations. Since these papers have been read only for grammatical errors and obvious mistakes, the publisher and editor take no responsibility for the content of any indivi- dual paper. In several instances, significant rewriting was necessary to try to convey clearly the intent of the author. However, this was held to a mini- mum in order that the flavor of the author's style of expression remained. I would like to thank Drs. D. S. Evans, M. Dryer, H. Sauer and Mr. A. G. Jean for assisting in reading these manuscripts. PROGRAM COMMITTEE Co-Chairmen: D. J. Williams J. G. Roederer P.M. Banks N.F. Ness G.L. Siscoe F. V. Coroniti G. Newkirk T.W. Speiser R. W. Filius T. Obayashi V.A. Troitskaya A. T. Hundhausen H. Rishbeth T.W. Speiser S. M. Krimigis W.O. Roberts J.M. Wilcox E. R. Mustel G. Rostoker J.P. Wild xi
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