Physics of High-Temperature Superconductors: Proceedings of the Toshiba International School of Superconductivity (ITS2), Kyoto, Japan, July 15–20, 1991

426 Pages·1992·37.323 MB·English

by  J. R. Schrieffer (auth.), Professor Sadamichi Maekawa, Professor Masatoshi Sato (eds.)

106
Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences
Edited by Peter Fulde
Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences
Editors: M. Cardona P. Fulde K. von Klitzing R.-J. Queisser
Managing Editor: R. K. V. Lotsch Volumes 1-89 are listed at the end of the book
90 Earlier and Recent Aspects of Superconductivity Editors: J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Miiller
91 Electronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers TIl Basic Models and Applications
Editors: H. Kuzmany, M. Mehring, and S. Roth
92 Physics and Engineering Applications of Magnetism Editors: Y. Ishikawa and N. Miura
93 Quasicrystals Editors: T. Fujiwara and T. Ogawa
94 Electronic Conduction in Oxides By N. Tsuda, K. Nasu, A. Yanase, and K. Siratori
95 Electronic Materials A New Era in Materials Science
Editors: J. R. Chelikowsky and A. Franciosi
96 Electron Liquids By A. Isihara
97 Localization and Confinement of Electrons in Semiconductors
Editors: F. Kuchar, H. Heinrich, and G. Bauer
98 Magnetism and the Electronic Structure of Crystals
By V. A. Gubanov, A. I. Liechtenstein, and A. V. Postnikov
99 Electronic Properties of High-Tc Superconductors and Related Compounds
Editors: H. Kuzmany, M. Mehring, and J. Fink
100 Electron Correlations in Molecules and Solids By P. Fulde
101 High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor Physics TIl
Quantum Hall Effect, Transport and Optics By G. Landwehr
102 Conjugated Conducting Polymers Editor: H. Kiess
103 Molecular Dynamics Simulations Editor: F. Yonezawa
104 Products of Random Matrices in Statistical Physics
By A. Crisanti, G. Paladin, and A. Vulpiani
105 Self-Trapped Excitons By K. S. Song and R. T. Williams
106 Physics of High-Temperature Superconductors Editors: S. Maekawa and M. Sato
107 Electronic Properties of Polymers Orientation and Dimensionality of Conjugated Systems
Editors: H. Kuzmany, M. Mehring, and S. Roth
108 Site Symmetry in Crystals Theory and Applications
By R. A. Evarestov and v.v. Smirnov
S. Maekawa M. Sato
(Eds.)
Physics
of High-Temperature
Superconductors
Proceedings of the Toshiba International School
of Superconductivity (ITS2
),
Kyoto, Japan, July 15-20,1991
With 211 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo
Hong Kong Barcelona
Budapest
Professor Sadamichi Maekawa
Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University,
Nagoya 464-01, Japan
Professor Masatoshi Sato
Department of Physics, Nagoya University,
Nagoya 464-01, Japan
Series Editors:
Professor Dr., Dres. h. c. Manuel Cardona
Professor Dr., Dr. h. c. Peter Fulde
Professor Dr., Dr. h. c. Klaus von Klitzing
Professor Dr., Dr. h. c. Hans-Joachim Queisser
Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkiirperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1,
W-7000 Stuttgart 80, Fed. Rep. of Germany
Managing Editor:
Dr. Helmut K. V. Lotsch
Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17, W-6900 Heidelberg, Fed. Rep. of Germany
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-84720-2 e-JSBN-13: 978-3-642-84718-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-84718-9
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Toshiba International School of Superconductivity
(1991 : Kyoto, Japan) Physics of high-temRerature superconductors: proceedings of the Toshiba Inter
national School of Superconductivity (ITS) Kyoto, Japan, July 15 -20,19911 S. Maekawa, M. Sato, eds.
p. cm.-(Springer series in solid-state sciences; 106) Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-387-55107-7 1. High temperature superconductors-Congresses. 2. High temperature supercon
ductivity-Congresses. 1. Maekawa, S. (Sadamichi), 1946-. II. Sato, M. (Masatoshi), 1946-. III. Title.
IV. Series. QC611.98.H54T67 1991 537.6'23-dc20 91-47852
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Preface
This volume contains the proceedings of the Toshiba International School of Su
perconductivity (TIS2), which was held at the Holiday Inn Kyoto in Kyoto, Japan,
July 15-20, 1991. This was the week preceding the Third International Confer
ence on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity, High-Temperature Su
perconductors (M2S-HTSC ill), which was held in Kanazawa, Japan. About 200
young scientists and roughly 50 lecturers and chairmen had been invited from 25
countries.
The purpose of the school was to give young scientists, including graduate
students, an opportunity to attend tutorial lectures on high-temperature supercon
ductivity and to provide them with an introduction to the M2S-HTSC Confer
ence. One of the key lectures, given by Professor J.R. Schrieffer, was entitled
"The Pairing Theory - Its Physical Basis and Its Consequences". A further aim of
the school was to discuss a variety of aspects of high-temperature superconduc
tors. Therefore, this volume comprises lecture notes and summaries of discussion
meetings as well as research reports.
We are much indebted to the promoters of the international school, Dr. J.G.
Bednorz and Professor K.A. Muller of IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, for
their active contribution. At all stages, from identifying the scope to setting up
the final program, we received valuable advice and suggestions. On behalf of all
the participants, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Toshiba
Corporation for its financial support, which made the school possible. Finally, we
acknowledge the authors of the manuscripts in this volume for promptly preparing
their contributions.
Nagoya S. Maekawa
September 1991 M. Sato
v
School Organization
International School Promoters
J.G. Bednorz (ffiM ZUrich)
K.A. MUller (ffiM ZUrich)
Organizing Committee
S.Maekawa (Nagoya University): Chairman
K.Kitazawa (University of Tokyo)
H.Fukuyama (University of Tokyo)
M. Tachiki (Tohoku University)
Y.Endoh (Tohoku University)
T. Fujita (Hiroshima University)
M.Sato (Nagoya University)
S. Uchida (University of Tokyo)
Steering Committee
I. Hirabayashi (ISTEC)
J.Inoue (Nagoya University)
S.Maekawa (Nagoya University)
T. Matsuura (Nagoya University)
M.Sato (Nagoya University)
T. Shinjo (Kyoto University)
VI
Contents
Part I Plenary Lecture
The Pairing Theory - Its Physical Basis and Its Consequences
By J.R. Schrieffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Part II Theory
11.1 Electronic Structure
Electronic Excitations Within the Cu-O Planes
By P. Fulde (With 2 Figures) .............................. 21
Physical Parameters in High-Temperature Superconductors
By S. Maekawa, Y. Ohta, and T. Tohyama (With 16 Figures) 29
Binding and Structural Aspects of High-Tc Superconductivity
By H. Eschrig (With 2 Figures) ............................ 45
Electronic State in Oxide Superconductors
By M. Tachiki, S. Ishihara, M. Sasaki, and H. Matsumoto
(With 3 Figures) ............................... . . . . . . .. 55
Key Factors for the Superconducting and Normal State Properties
of Cuprates
By H. Kamimura (With 6 Figures) .......................... 63
Evidence in Favor of a Nematic Ordering in La2Cu04+o
By L.P. Gor'kov (With 1 Figure) ........................... 71
11.2 Physical Properties
Strong Correlation Models for High-T c Superconductors
By T.M. Rice (With 1 Figure) ............................. 75
On the Spin Excitations of High-Tc Oxides
By H. Fukuyama, T. Tanamoto, and K. Kuboki (With 5 Figures) ... . .. 85
VII
Gauge Field Theory of the Normal State Properties
of High-Tc Superconductors
By N. Nagaosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97
Microscopic Theory of Luttinger Liquids in One Dimension
By N. Kawakami and S.-K. Yang (With 3 Figures) ............... 103
11.3 Superconducting Mechanism and Properties
Generalization of BCS Superconductivity
to Non-Phonon Mediated Interactions: The Excitonic Interaction
By W.A. Little (With 1 Figure) ............................ 113
Formation, Motion, and Superconductivity of Large Bipolarons
By D. Emin (With 4 Figures) .............................. 125
Application of Marginal Fermi-Liquid Phenomenology
to the Superconductive State of Cu-O Materials
By C.M. Varma (With 5 Figures) ........................... 137
Antiferromagnetic Fluctuations in High-Tc Oxides
By T. Moriya (With 2 Figures) ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 145
The Physics Underlying High-Tc Superconductivity: Novel vs Exotic
By J.R. Schrieffer (With 19 Figures) ......................... 151
A (Very) Brief Overview of Semionic Superconductivity
By A. Zee ........................................... 169
Fluctuations in Type-II Superconductors:
A Dense Vortex Plasma Picture
By Z. Tesanovic (With 1 Figure) ........................... 177
Part III Experiment
111.1 Materials
Material Design of High-Tc Oxides
By Y. Tokura (With 11 Figures) ............................ 191
High Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of Single Crystalline
YBa2C140s(Tc = 80 K) and Y2Ba4Cu7015±x (14 K ~ Tc ~ 94 K)
By E. Kaldis, J. Karpinski, and S. Rusiecki (With 6 Figures) ........ 207
111.2 Physical Properties and Electronic Structure
Physical Properties of Cuprate Superconductors: An Introduction
By B. Batlogg (With 15 Figures) ........................... 219
Successive Structural Transitions of La2_xBaxCu04
By M. Sato (With 6 Figures) .............................. 239
VIII
The Normal-State Transport Properties
of the High-Temperature Cuprate Superconductors
By N.P. Ong (With 5 Figures) ............................. 247
Optical Properties of High-Temperature Superconductors
By S. Uchida (With 6 Figures) ............................. 259
An Introduction to Infrared Properties of High-Tc Superconductors
By Z. Schlesinger, L.D. Rotter, R.T. Collins, F. Holtzberg, C. Feild,
U. Welp, G.W. Crabtree, J.Z. Liu, Y. Fang, and K.G. Vandervoort
(With 8 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 269
Electronic Structure Studies of Cuprate Superconductors
by High-Energy Spectroscopy
By N. Niicker (With 12 Figures) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 283
Angle-Resolved Photoemission, Inverse Photoemission,
and X-Ray Absorption Studies
of Superconductive and Non-Superconductive Bi-Sr-Ca-Y -Cu-O
By T. Takahashi (With 7 Figures) ........................... 299
Electronic Structure
of Electron- and Hole-Doped 3d Transition-Metal Oxides
By A. Fujimori (With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 307
Anisotropy of Cuprate Superconductors Under STM/STS
By K. Kitazawa, T. Hasegawa, H. Ikuta, M. Nantoh, W. Wei, and
N. Motohira (With 9 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 313
Unusual (Anomalous) Properties
of the Normal and Superconducting State of Cu-Oxides
By H.R. Ott . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 327
111.3 Anisotropic Properties
Anisotropy in Elastic Properties of HTSC Seen by Ultrasonics
By T. Fujita and T. Suzuki (With 3 Figures) ................... 333
Some Consequences of Anisotropy
By T.H. Geballe (With 1 Figure) ........................... 339
Anisotropic Properties of Layered Superconductors
By Y. lye (With 6 Figures) ............................... 347
Thin Films and Superlattices of High-Tc Superconductors
By 0. Fischer, J.M. Triscone, L. Antognazza, O. Brunner, L. Mieville,
I. Maggio-Aprile, A.D. Kent, and O. Eibl (With 10 Figures) ......... 353
III.4 Superconducting Properties
Critical Currents in High-Tc Superconductors
By J. Mannhart (With 15 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 367
IX
Anisotropy of Flux Lattice Structures in the Low Field Mixed State
of the High-Tc Superconductor BSCCO (2212)
By P.L. Gammel (With 4 Figures) .......................... 395
Some Implications of a Short Coherence Length
in High-Temperature Superconductors
By P. Chaudhari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 405
Flux Quantisation in Superconducting Rings and the Mixed State
By C.E. Gough (With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 411
Flux Quantisation and Its Application to rf and dc SQUIDs
By C.E. Gough (With 8 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 423
Index of Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
x