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Physical Therapy of the Shoulder, 4th Edition (Clinics in Physical Therapy) PDF

573 Pages·2003·123 MB·English
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CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE An Imprint of Elsevier Inc 11830 Westline Industrial Drive St.Louis,Missouri 63146 Physical Therapy of the Shoulder,ed 4 ISBN 0-443-06614-0 Copyright © 2004,Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopying,recording,or any information storage and retrieval system,without permission in writing from the publisher.Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia,PA,USA:phone:(+1) 215 238 7869,fax:(+1) 215 238 2239,e-mail: [email protected] may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http://www.elsevier.com),by selecting ‘Customer Support’and then ‘Obtaining Permissions.’ Distributed in the United Kingdom by Churchill Livingstone,Robert Stevenson House,1-3 Baxter’s Place, Leith Walk,Edinburgh EH1 3AF,Scotland,and by associated companies,branches,and representatives throughout the world. Churchill Livingstone and the sailboat design are registered trademarks. Notice Physical Therapy is an ever-changing field.Standard safety precautions must be followed,but as new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge,changes in treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate.Readers are advised to check the most current product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug to be administered to verify the recommended dose,the method and duration of administration,and contraindications.It is the responsibility of the licensed prescriber,relying on experience and knowledge of the patient,to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient.Neither the publisher nor the author assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from this publication. The Publisher Previous editions copyrighted 1997,1991,1987. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Physical therapy of the shoulder / edited by Robert A.Donatelli.– 4th ed. p. ;cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-443-06614-0 (alk.paper) 1. Shoulder–Wounds and injuries. 2. Shoulder–Wounds and injuries–Treatment. 3. Shoulder–Wounds and injuries–Physical therapy. I. Donatelli,Robert. [DNLM: 1. Shoulder–injuries. 2. Shoulder Joint–injuries. 3. Physical Therapy Techniques–methods.WE 810 P578 2004] RD557.5.P48 2004 617.5¢72044–dc22 2003065163 Acquisitions Editor:Marion Waldman Developmental Editor:Marjory Fraser Publishing Services Manager:Pat Joiner Project Manager:Rachel E.Dowell Senior Designer:Mark A.Oberkrom Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dedication I would like to dedicate this book to my family—my wife Georgi Donatelli, my new son, Robby Donatelli, and my daughter, Rachel. They have added a new meaning of joy and happiness to my life. CONTRIBUTORS Mollie Beyers, DPT Jeff Cooper, MS, ATC Physical Therapist, Biomax Rehabilitation, Athletic Trainer, Philadelphia Phillies Baseball Team, Effingham, Illinois Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Consultant, Physiotherapy Chapter 11: Frozen Shoulder Associates, Memphis, Tennessee Chapter 3: Throwing Injuries Peter Bonutti, MD, FACS, FAAOS, FAANA Robert A. Donatelli, PhD, PT, OCS Founder and Director, Bonutti Clinic, Founder and National Director of Sports Rehabilitation, Director, Bonutti Technology, Effingham, Illinois; Physiotherapy Associates, Suwanee, Georgia Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Chapter 2: Functional Anatomy and Mechanics; Surgery, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas Chapter 4: Differential Soft Tissue Diagnosis; Chapter Chapter 11: Frozen Shoulder 10: Impingement Syndrome and Impingement-Related Instability; Chapter 14: Manual Therapy Techniques Robert Cantu, MMSc, PT, MTC Phillip B. Donley, PT, ATC, MS Group Director, Physiotherapy Associates, Atlanta, Georgia; Assistant Professor, University of St. Augustine Physiotherapy Associates, Chester County Sports for Health Sciences, St. Augustine, Florida Medicine, West Chester, Pennsylvania; Consultant to the Chapter 16: Myofascial Treatment Philadelphia Phillies Baseball Team, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Deborah Seidel Cobb, MS, PT Chapter 3: Throwing Injuries (Appendix) University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, St. Xavier A. Duralde, MD Augustine, Florida Chapter 16: Myofascial Treatment Peachtree Orthopedics Clinic; Assistant Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinical Instructor, Struan H. Coleman, MD, PhD Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Chapter 20: Total Shoulder Replacements for Special Surgery—Cornell University Medical Center, Peter I. Edgelow, MA, PT New York, New York Chapter 17: Shoulder Instability Senior Staff Therapist, Physiotherapy Associates, Hayward, California; Assistant Clinical Professor, David J. Conaway, DO Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, University of Associate Clinical Professor, Department of California, San Francisco, California; Graduate Orthopaedics, West Virginia College of Osteopathic Residency in Orthopaedic Physical Therapy, Kaiser Medicine, Lewisburg, West Virginia; Honorary Clinical Permanente, Hayward, California Instructor, Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Chapter 7: Neurovascular Consequences of Division of Allied Health Professions, Department of Cumulative Trauma Disorders Affecting the Thoracic Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Outlet: A Patient-Centered Treatment Approach Medicine; Past Chairman, Department of Surgery, Northlake Regional Medical Center; Staff Orthopaedic Surgeon, Dekalb Medical Center; Northlake Regional Medical Center; Eastside Medical Center; Atlanta, Georgia; Orthopaedic Surgeon, Killian Hill Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Clinic, Lilburn, Georgia Chapter 19: Shoulder Girdle Fractures vii viii CONTRIBUTORS Richard A. Ekstrom, PT, DSc, MS, Ola Grimsby, PT OCS Chairman of the Board, Ola Grimsby Institute, San Physical Therapy Department, University of South Diego, California Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota Chapter 5: Interrelationship of the Spine, Rib Cage, Chapter 15: Muscle Length Testing and and Shoulder Electromyographic Data for Manual Muscle Testing and Exercises for the Shoulder Toby Hall, PT Clinical Consultant, School of Physiotherapy, Curtin Todd S. Ellenbecker, MS, PT, SCS, University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, CSCS Australia Clinic Director, Physiotherapy Associates-Scottsdale Chapter 6: Neural Tissue Evaluation and Treatment Sports Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona Joseph Herrera, MD Chapter 12: Etiology and Evaluation of Rotator Cuff Pathologic Conditions and Rehabilitation Clinical Instructor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery—Cornell Robert L. Elvey, PT University Medical Center, New York, New York Senior Lecturer, School of Physiotherapy, Curtin Chapter 17: Shoulder Instability University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Jacob P. Irwin, DPT Australia Chapter 6: Neural Tissue Evaluation and Treatment Physiotherapy Associates, Suwanee, Georgia Chapter 4: Differential Soft Tissue Diagnosis; Blanca Zita Gonzalez-King, PT, CHT Chapter 19: Shoulder Girdle Fractures Physical Therapist, Private Practice, Atlanta, Georgia Scot Irwin, DPT, CCS Chapter 4: Differential Soft Tissue Diagnosis Associate Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, John C. Gray, DPT, OCS, FAAOMPT North Georgia College and State University, Dahlonega, Georgia Lead Clinical Specialist, Department of Physical Chapter 1: The Guide to Practice Therapy, Sharp Rees-Stealy, Clinical Instructor, Ola Grimsby Institute; Credentialed Clinical Instructor, Marie A. Johanson, EdD, PT, OCS American Physical Therapy Association; Associate Editor, Instructor, Division of Physical Therapy, Department Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy, San Diego, of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of California Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia Chapter 5: Interrelationship of the Spine, Rib Cage, Chapter 4: Differential Soft Tissue Diagnosis and Shoulder; Chapter 13: Visceral Referred Pain to the Shoulder Michael Lee, MD Clinical Instructor, Department of Rehabilitation Bruce H. Greenfield, PT, PhD, OCS Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery—Cornell Instructor, Division of Physical Therapy, Department University Medical Center, New York, New York of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Chapter 17: Shoulder Instability Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia Chapter 8: Evaluation and Treatment of Brachial Kathryn Levit, MA, OTR/L Plexus Lesions; Chapter 10: Impingement Syndrome Private Practice/Consultant, Department of Applied and Impingement-Related Instability Developmental Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia. Chapter 9: The Shoulder in Hemiplegia ix CONTRIBUTORS Timothy J. McMahon, PT Lori Thein Brody, MS, PT, SCS, ATC Outpatient Program Supervisor for Orthopaedics Associate Lecturer, Department of Kinesiology, and Sports Medicine, The Rehab Results Group, University of Wisconsin School of Education; Senior Decatur, Georgia; Clinical Adjunct Faculty, Division of Clinical Therapist, Sports Medicine Center; University Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation of Wisconsin Clinics Research Park, Madison, Wisconsin Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Chapter 10: Impingement Syndrome and Atlanta, Georgia Impingement-Related Instability Chapter 14: Manual Therapy Techniques Vijay B. Vad, MD Craig D. Morgan, MD Assistant Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine, Orthopedic Surgeon, The Morgan Kalman Clinic, Hospital for Special Surgery—Cornell University Wilmington, Delaware; Clinical Professor University of Medical Center, New York, New York Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chapter 17: Shoulder Instability Chapter 3: Throwing Injuries (Appendix) Joseph S. Wilkes, MD Roy W. Osborn, PT, MS, OCS Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Physical Therapy Department, University of South Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine; Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota Orthopedist, Southern Orthopedics; Medical Director, Chapter 15: Muscle Length Testing and Piedmont Hospital Sports Medicine Institute, Atlanta, Electromyographic Data for Manual Muscle Testing and Georgia; Orthopedic Consultant, United States Luge Exercises for the Shoulder Association, Lake Placid, New York Chapter 18: Rotator Cuff Repairs Susan Ryerson, PT Michael J. Wooden, MS, PT, OCS Partner, Making Progress, Alexandria, Virginia; Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Boston, Massachusetts; General Instructor, Division of Physical Therapy, Department Hospital Institute of Health Professions, Boston, of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Massachusetts; Coordinator/Instructor, Medicine; National Director, Clinical Research, Neurodevelopmental Treatment Association, Inc, Physiotherapy Associates, Memphis, Tennessee Chicago, Illinois Chapter 19: Shoulder Girdle Fractures Chapter 9: The Shoulder in Hemiplegia Michael S. Zazzali, DSC, PT, OCS Dorie B. Syen, MS, OTR, CHT Co-Director and Partner, Physical Therapy Associates Rehabilitation Projects Coordinator, Georgia Baptist of New York, New York, New York Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia Chapter 17: Shoulder Instability Chapter 8: Evaluation and Treatment of Brachial Plexus Lesions PREFACE The first edition of Physical Therapy of the Shoulder was published in 1987, and now we are writing the fourth edition 15 years later. I would like to thank my readers for their support throughout the years that has made this book successful. The fourth edition has kept up with the tradition of Physical Therapy Specialization. The shoulder joint is a complicated structure con- sisting of three synovial joints, the scapula thoracic articulation, and 17 muscles. The shoulder complex hangs off the rib cage and is connected to the cervical and thoracic spine. The com- plexity of the shoulder makes many rehabilitation students and clinicians uncertain in assessing shoulder pathomechanics and in establishing treatment approaches for different shoulder pathologies. In keeping up to date with new and innovative treatment techniques, surgical procedures, and evaluation methods for the shoulder, this fourth edition of Physical Therapy of the Shoulder has been updated appropriately. There are a dozen new authors and seven new chapters. The fourth edition is divided into five sections; Mechanics of Movement and Evaluation, Neurologic Consid- erations, Special Considerations, Treatment Approaches, and Surgical Considerations. In keeping with the new Guide to Physical Therapist Practice, Scot Irwin has given us an overview of the Guide,and all the case studies have been rewritten in the Guideformat. Chapter 2 was updated with new anatomic and biomechanical information on how the shoulder moves. Seven fresh cadaver slides have been added to the color plates in the center of the textbook. Chapter 3 was rewritten by Jeff Cooper with all the new information on the throwing injuries to the shoulder. Jeff has included new research data that he has collected over the past several years on professional baseball pitchers. His approach to evaluation and treatment is state of the art. Chapter 4 finishes the first section with updates on all the new-evidenced-based special tests for the shoulder. The special tests on the shoulder greatly assist the clinician in the development of a differential soft tissue diagnosis. The research-based tests are very reliable and accurate in determining different pathologies of the glenohumeral articulation. Section 2, Neurologic Considerations, has been updated with new information and references. John C. Gray, Ola Grimsby, Peter I. Edgelow, and Susan Ryerson completely revised their chapters. Section 3, Special Considerations, was highlighted by a new chapter on the Frozen Shoulder (Chapter 11) written by Mollie Beyers and Peter Bonutti. This chapter features five tables that provide an excellent summary of the evidence-based research on treatment of frozen shoulder pathology. In addition, a new shoulder device for treatment of adhesive capsulitis, through static progressive stretch and stress relaxation, is also featured in this chapter. John C. Gray’s chapter on Visceral Referred Pain to the Shoulder (Chapter 13), was rewritten, along with important updates from Todd S. Ellenbecker, Lori Thein Brody, and Bruce H. Greenfield. In the Treatment Approaches Section, a new chapter was added by Richard A. Ekstrom and Roy W. Osborn on Muscle Length Testing and Electromyographic Data for Manual Strength Testing and Exercises for the Shoulder (Chapter 15). Chapter 14, entitled Manual Therapy Techniques, was updated with additional illustrations of new manual procedures for the shoulder, with a section on evidence-based manual therapy treatment approaches. The Surgical Considerations Section was honored with addition of the chapter by Xavier A. Duralde, a prominent orthopedic surgeon who specializes in shoulder pathology and has devel- oped his own components for shoulder replacements. In addition, I was also honored by the addi- tion of a new chapter on Shoulder Instability (Chapter 17). The lead authors—Michael S. Zazzali and Vijay B. Vad—are affiliated with the Hospital of Special Surgery in New York, NY. The chapter xi xii PREFACE includes state-of-the-art concepts in evaluation and treatment of the Bankart lesion, S.L.A.P lesions, rotator cuff interval concepts, and thermal assisted capsular shifts. Finally, Jacob P. Irwin updated Chapter 19 on Shoulder Girdle Fractures. We are pleased to include a CD-ROM with the fourth edition of Physical Therapy of the Shoul- der. The CD-ROM compliments the text and enhances the clinical application with excerpts of an evaluation of a patient using manual therapy treatment techniques of the shoulder. Fresh cadaver slides and also a link to an electronic image collection that features most of the illus- trations contained in the book are included on the CD-ROM. This provides instructors with a useful teaching tool because the images can be downloaded into PowerPoint for presentation in class. The CD-ROM also features animated movement of the musculoskeletal system for the gleno- humeral joint and scapula. Any rehabilitation professional entrusted with the care and treatment of mechanical and patho- logic shoulder dysfunction will benefit from this book. We trust that the fourth edition will meet the reader’s expectation of comprehensive, clinically relevant presentations that are well docu- mented, contemporary, and personally challenging to the student and the experienced specialist alike. Robert A. Donatelli, PhD, PT, OCS Color Plates Long head of biceps tendon Head of the humerus Plate 2-1 Glenoid surface with Glenoid the labrum. Labrum Clavicle Subscapularis Plate 2-2 bursa opening Glenohumeral joint capsule and surrounding structures. Anterior inferior Subscapularis tendon glenohumeral capsule Vertebral border Lower trapezius of the scapula Spine of the scapula Infraspinatus Teres minor Serratus anterior Plate 2-3 Scapula and surrounding muscles. Coracoacromial Acromion process ligament Supraspinatus tendon Head of the humerus Coracoid process Plate 2-4 Inferiorly subluxed humeral head demonstrating coracoacromial vault. Inferior angle of Infraspinatus the scapula Posterior deltoid Serratus anterior Teres minor Latissimus Teres major Plate 2-5 Scapula and related muscles.

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The leading reference on the shoulder is now completely up to date with state-of-the-art rehabilitation and surgical techniques, five new chapters, new photographs, and many new contributors. It continues to provide valuable information on functional anatomy; the mechanics of movement; neurologic, s
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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.