Physical Rehabilitation PDF
Preview Physical Rehabilitation
SIXTH EDITION Physical Rehabilitation SIXTH EDITION Physical Rehabilitation Susan B. O’Sullivan, PT, EdD Thomas J. Schmitz, PT, PhD George D. Fulk, PT, PhD Professor Emerita Professor Emeritus Chair and Associate Professor Department of Physical Therapy Department of Physical Therapy Department of Physical Therapy School of Health and Environment School of Health Professions Clarkson University University of Massachusetts Lowell Long Island University Potsdam, New York Lowell, Massachusetts Brooklyn Campus Brooklyn, New York F.A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2014 by F.A. Davis Company Copyright © 2014 by F.A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. his product is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Editor-in-Chief:Margaret M. Biblis Senior Acquisitions Editor:Melissa A. Duffield Manager of Content Development: George W. Lang Senior Developmental Editor: Jennifer A. Pine Art and Design Manager: Carolyn O’Brien As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. he author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. he author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. he reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Physical rehabilitation / [edited by] Susan B. O’Sullivan, homas J. Schmitz, George D. Fulk. — 6th ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8036-2579-2 I. O’Sullivan, Susan B. II. Schmitz, homas J. III. Fulk, George D. [DNLM: 1. Physical herapy Modalities. 2. Disability Evaluation. 3. Orthopedic Equipment. 4. Physical Examination. WB 460] RM700 615.8´2—dc23 2013015288 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F.A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. he fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 978-0-8036-2579-2 /1 0 + $.25. P R E F A C E With the sixth edition of Physical Rehabilitation, we con- to continue to critically examine clinical practice using tinue a tradition of striving for excellence that began validated clinical methodologies. We also hope it will more than 25 years ago. We are gratified by the contin- inspire enthusiasm about the importance of continuous, uing wide acceptance of PhysicalRehabilitationby both lifelong, self-directed learning. faculty and students. he visuals have been substantially enhanced with the he text is designed to provide a comprehensive ap- addition of many new illustrations and photographs. proach to the rehabilitation management of adult patients. Changes in design and the introduction of a full-color As such, it is intended to serve as a primary textbook for format provide a reader-friendly environment, as well as professional-level physical therapy students, and as an im- augment understanding of content. New to the sixth portant resource for practicing therapists as well as for other edition are 13 online case studies with accompanying rehabilitation professionals. he sixth edition recognizes video segments illustrating aspects of the initial exami- the continuing growth of the profession and integrates nation, interventions, and outcomes for patients under- basic and applied clinical research to guide and inform ev- going active rehabilitation. he cases were authored by idence-based clinical practice. It also integrates terminol- practicing therapists from various parts of the country ogy, practice patterns, specific tests and measures, and who were directly involved in the care of the case study interventions presented in the American Physical herapy patient participant. he case studies include patients Association’s Guide to Physical herapist Practice and the with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respira- World Health Organization’s International Classification tory distress syndrome, burns, amputation, spinal cord of Functioning, Disability, and Health(ICF). injury, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, Physical Rehabilitation is organized into three sec- stroke, and vestibular dysfunction. Questions are posed tions. Section One (Chapters 1–9) includes chapters on that address key elements in developing the plan of care clinical decision making and examination of basic sys- for each patient. All case study materials (patient history, tems, as well as examination of functional status and the examination data, video segments, answers to guiding environment. Section Two (Chapters 10–29) addresses questions for student feedback) are available online at many of the diseases, disorders, and conditions com- DavisPlus. monly seen in the rehabilitation setting. Appropriate Also new to this edition are sample examination ques- examination and intervention strategies are discussed tions consistent with the format of the National Physical for related body structure/function impairments, activ- herapy Examination. In separate files, answers to the ity limitations, and restrictions in social participation. questions are provided for student feedback that are also Health promotion and wellness strategies are also con- available at DavisPlus. sidered. Emphasis is placed on parameters of learning As we have noted in previous editions, our greatest critical to ensuring the patient/client can achieve antic- asset and inspiration in preparing the sixth edition of ipated goals and expected outcomes. he final section, Physical Rehabilitation has been an outstanding group Section hree (Chapters 30–32), includes orthotics, of contributing authors. We are most fortunate to have prosthetics, and the prescriptive wheelchair. this group of talented individuals whose breadth and A central element of the text is a strong pedagogical scope of professional knowledge and experience seems format designed to facilitate and reinforce the learning unparalleled. hese individuals are recognized experts of key concepts. Each chapter of Physical Rehabilitation from a variety of specialty areas who have graciously includes an initial content outline, learning objectives, shared their knowledge and clinical practice expertise an introduction and summary, review questions for self- by providing relevant, up-to-date, and practical infor- assessment, and extensive references. Additional supple- mation within their respective content areas. To our mental readings and recommended resources are also group of contributors, we enthusiastically welcome the provided. Key terms are bolded throughout each chap- many talented, dedicated clinicians whose knowledge ter indicating their inclusion in a master glossary toward and clinical skills are well represented in the online case the end of the text. Application of important concepts study materials that accompany the text. To the sixth is promoted through end-of-chapter case study exam- edition, a welcome is also extended to George D. Fulk ples and guiding questions designed to enhance clinical as a new contributing editor. decision making skills. Disability-focused chapters con- he sixth edition has also benefited from the input of tain Evidence Summary Boxesthat summarize and criti- numerous individuals engaged in both academic and cally appraise research focused on a particular topic or clinical practice settings who have used and reviewed the intervention relevant to the chapter content. Our hope content. We are grateful for their constructive feedback is that the boxes may provide a model for readers and have instituted many of their suggestions and v vi Preface changes. As always, we welcome suggestions for im- We acknowledge the very important contributions provements from our colleagues and students. that physical therapists make in the lives of their patients. As physical therapists continue to take on more and his book is dedicated to those therapists—past, present, greater professional responsibilities and challenges, the and future—who guide and challenge their patients to very nature of this text makes it a perpetual “work in lead a successful and independent life. progress.” We are grateful for the opportunity to con- —SUSAN B. O’SULLIVAN tribute to the academic literature in physical therapy, as THOMAS J. SCHMITZ well as to the professional development of those prepar- GEORGE D. FULK ing to enter a career devoted to improving the quality of life of those we serve. C O N T R I B U T I N G E D I T O R S Case Study and Multimedia Editor Test Bank Editor Edward W. Bezkor, PT, DPT, OCS, MTC Evangelos Pappas, PT, PhD, OCS University of California, San Diego Health System Associate Professor Perlman Clinic, Rehabilitation Services Department of Physical herapy La Jolla, California School of Health Professions Long Island University New York University Langone Medical Center Brooklyn Campus Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Brooklyn, New York New York, New York vii C O N T R I B U T I N G A U T H O R S Andrea L. Behrman, PT, PhD, FAPTA Joan E. Edelstein,PT,MA, FISPO, CPed Professor Special Lecturer Department of Neurological Surgery Program in Physical herapy University of Louisville Columbia University Louisville, Kentucky New York, New York Edward W. Bezkor, PT, DPT, OCS, MTC George D. Fulk, PT, PhD University of California, San Diego Health System Chair and Associate Professor Perlman Clinic, Rehabilitation Services Department of Physical herapy La Jolla, California Clarkson University Potsdam, New York New York University Langone Medical Center Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Jessica Galgano, PhD, CCC-SLP New York, New York Associate Research Scientist Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Janet R. Bezner, PT, PhD School of Medicine Vice President New York University Education and Governance and Administration New York, New York American Physical herapy Association Alexandria, Virginia Maura Daly Iversen, PT, DPT, SD, MPH Professor and Chairperson Beth Black, PT, DSc Department of Physical herapy Assistant Professor School of Health Professions Physical herapy Program Bouve College of Health Sciences School of Health Sciences Northeastern University Oakland University Boston, Massachusetts Rochester, Michigan Clinical Epidemiologist Judith M. Burnfield, PT, PhD Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy Director, Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Brigham and Women’s Hospital Engineering Harvard Medical School Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering Boston, Massachusetts Madonna Rehabilitation Hospital Lincoln, Nebraska Deborah Graffis Kelly, PT, DPT, MSEd Associate Professor Kevin K. Chui, PT, DPT, PhD, GCS, OCS Division of Physical herapy Associate Professor Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Department of Physical herapy College of Health Sciences Program in Geriatric Health and Wellness University of Kentucky College of Health Professions Lexington, Kentucky Sacred Heart University Fairfield, Connecticut Bella J. May, PT, EdD, FAPTA, CEEAA Professor Emerita Vanina Dal Bello-Haas, PT, PhD Georgia Health Science University Associate Professor August, Georgia Assistant Dean, Physiotherapy Program School of Rehabilitation Science Adjunct Professor of Physical herapy McMaster University California State University Sacramento Hamilton, Ontario Sacramento, California Canada Coby D. Nirider, PT, DPT Konrad J. Dias, PT, DPT, CCS Area Director of herapy Services Associate Professor Touchstone Neurorecovery Center Program in Physical herapy Conroe, Texas Maryville University of St. Louis St. Louis, Missouri ix
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