Physical properties of golf and sports turf root-zones as affected by amendments, construction PDF
Preview Physical properties of golf and sports turf root-zones as affected by amendments, construction
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2001 Physical properties of golf and sports turf root- zones as affected by amendments, construction methods, and management practices Deying Li Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at:https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of theAgriculture Commons, and theSoil Science Commons Recommended Citation Li, Deying, "Physical properties of golf and sports turf root-zones as affected by amendments, construction methods, and management practices " (2001).Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 1057. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/1057 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI fiims the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bieedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Physical properties of golf and sports turf root-zones as affected by amendments, construction methods, and management practices by Deying Li A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Horticulture Major Professors: Nick E. Christians and Dave D. Minner Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2001 UMI Number: 3016722 Copyright 2001 by Li, Deying All rights reserved. UMI UMI Microform 3016722 Copyright 2001 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 11 Graduate College Iowa State University This is to certify that the Doctoral dissertation of Deying Li has met the dissertation requirements of Iowa State University Signature was redacted for privacy. major Profe or Signature was redacted for privacy. Co-major Pr fessor Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Major Program Signature was redacted for privacy. iii To my parents who have to fulfill the dream of higher education through their children. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT vi CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION I Introduction 1 Dissertation Organization 3 Literature Review 4 References 19 CHAPTER 2. INORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENT EFFECTS ON SAND-BASED SPORTS TURF MEDIA 31 Abstract 31 Materials and Methods 33 Results and Discussion 37 Conclusion 40 References 45 CHAPTER 3. FREEZING AND THAWING EFFECTS ON SAND-BASED MEDIA. MODIFIED WITH SOIL AMENDMENTS 47 Abstract 47 Introduction 48 Materials and Methods 50 Results 51 Discussion 57 References 59 CHAPTER 4. RESPONSE OF CREEPING BENTGRASS TO INORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENTS TOPDRESSED ON A SLOPED GREEN 62 Abstract 62 Introduction 63 Materials and Methods 65 Results 68 Discussion 80 References 83 CHAPTER 5. QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF SAND SHAPE AND ROUNDNESS AND THEIR POTENTIAL EFFECT ON STABILITY OF SAND-BA.SED ATHLETIC FIELDS 85 Abstract 85 Materials and Methods 90 Results and Discussion 99 Conclusions 110 References Ill CHAPTER 6. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi ABSTRACT Inorganic soil amendments have been suggested for use in turf to alleviate soil compaction, increase water retention and hydraulic conductivity, and improve many other soil physical properties. Many types of soil amendments have been used under various climate conditions and for different purposes, and the results are mixed. There is a need for systematic investigation of the physical properties of root-zones affected by soil amendments and construction methods. The stability of sand or soil amendments has been a concern when the media is subjected to weathering. The chemical and physical effects and seasonal freezing/thawing involved in the weathering process have significant impact on the physical properties after construction. This information is needed in the design process to improve performance characteristics of soil media. Unlike golf course greens, sports turf fields require a more stable playing surface to facilitate play and avoid player injuries. Many athletic fields have adapted a sand-based root zone system to avoid compaction and poor drainage. However, sand-based systems may be unstable. Research on the roles of inherent properties of sand in playing surface stability has been limited to evaluations of particle-size distribution. Although sand shape and roundness are considered to be an important component of surface stability, their roles relative to other factors still are not clearly understood because of the technical difficulties involved in quantitatively assessing these characteristics. The overall objective of my research is to gain a better understanding of the physical properties, such as water conductivity, water holding capacity, and porosity of sand-based media affected by soil amendments, either as root-zone mixtures or as topdressing materials.
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