Physical Processes in Fragmentation and Star Formation: Proceedings of the Workshop on ‘Physical Processes in Fragmentation and Star Formation’, Held in Monteporzio Catone (Rome), Italy, June 5–11, 1989 PDF
Preview Physical Processes in Fragmentation and Star Formation: Proceedings of the Workshop on ‘Physical Processes in Fragmentation and Star Formation’, Held in Monteporzio Catone (Rome), Italy, June 5–11, 1989
PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN FRAGMENTATION AND STAR FORMATION ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY A SERIES OF BOOKS ON THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF SPACE SCIENCE AND OF GENERAL GEOPHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH THE JOURNAL SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS Editorial Board R. L. F. BOYD, University College, London, England W. B. BURTON, Sterrewacht, Leiden, The Netherlands C. DE JAGER, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands J. KLECZEK, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Ondfejov, Czechoslavakia Z. KOPAL, University of Manchester, England R. LUST, European Space Agency, Paris, France L.1. SEDOV, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow, U.S.S.R. Z. SvESTKA, Laboratory for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands VOLUME 162 PROCEEDINGS PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN FRAGMENTATION AND STAR FORMATION PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON 'PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN FRAGMENTA nON AND STAR FORMA nON', HELD IN MONTEPORZIO CATONE (ROME), ITALY, JUNE 5-11,1989 Edited by ROBERTO CAPUZZO-DOLCETTA Institute ofA stronomy, University of Rome I, Italy CESARE CHIOSI Department ofA stronomy, University of Padova, Italy and ALBERTO DI FAZIO Observatory of Rome, Italy KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Workshop on PhYS1cal Processes 1n Fragmentat10n and Star Format1on ( 1989 Ro me. It a 1y ) Phys1cal processes 1n fragmentat10n and star format10n proceed1ngs of the Workshop in Phys1cal Processes in Fragmentat10n and Star Format1on. held 1n Monteporzio Catone (Rome). Italy. June 5-11. 1989 ed1ted by Roberto Capuzzo-Oolcetta. Cesare Ch1osi. Alberto 01 Fazio. p. cm. -- (Astrophys 1c s and space sc 1e nce 11 brary : 162) ISBN 0-7923-0769-0 (alk. paper) 1. Stars--Format10n--Congresses. 2. AstrophYS1cs--Congresses. T. Caouzzo-Oolcetta. Roberto. II. Ch10S1. C. (Cesare) III. 01 Faz10. Alberto. IV. T1tle. V. Tltle, Fragmentatlon and star format10n. VI. Ser1es. QB806.W65 1989 523.8--dc20 90-4436 CIP ISBN-13: 978-94-010-6760-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-0605-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-0605-1 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 18t edition 1990 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ix Organizing Committees Xl List of Participants xiii Group Picture and Identification List xviii 1. ATOMIC, MOLECULAR PROCESSES, TURBULENCE, AND MAGNETIC FIELD IN FRAGMENTATION. E.HERBST - Chemistry and star formation. 3 J. P. CHIEZE , G. PINEAU DE FORETS - Molecular cloud chemistry with mix- ing. 17 M. KIGUCHI - Collapse and fragmentation of molecular clouds. 29 Yu. 1. IZOTOV - On the role of molecular hydrogen in the formation and evolution of blue compact dwarf galaxies and giant HII regions. 35 R. CAPUZZO-DOLCETTA, A. DI FAZIO, F. PALLA - NLTE H2 cooling function and protogalactic evolution. 49 P.R. SHAPIRO, H. KANG - Radiative shocks and nonequilibrium chemistry in the early universe: Galaxy and primordial star formation. 55 M.L. GIROUX, P.R. SHAPIRO - The intergalactic medium: initial and boundary conditions for Galaxy and primeval star formation. 71 1. G. KOLESNIK, Y. Yu. OHUL'CHANSKY - Supersonic turbulent fragmenta- tion of giant molecular clouds. 81 P. BATTINELLI, R. CAPUZZO-DOLCETTA, A. DI FAZIO, V. A. URPIN, S.V. VERESHCHAGIN - Turbulence in the frame of the evolution of a self- gravitating protocloud. 87 A.DI FAZIO, A. SOLOVIEV, V.A. URPIN, S.V. VERESHCHAGIN - Fragmen- tation and supersonic turbulence in self-gravitating gas clouds. 103 T. Ch. MOUSCHOVIAS - Fragmentation and collapse in magnetic molecular clouds: natural length scales and protostellar masses. 117 vi 2. STAR FORMATION IN DIFFERENT ASTROPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS. J. SCALO - Perception of interstellar structure: facing complexity. 151 A. LIOURE, J.P. CHIEZE - Interstellar gas cycling powered by star formation. 179 I.G. KOLESNIK - Star complex formation in differentially rotating superclouds. 187 E.A. LADA - Global star formation in the L1630 molecular cloud. 193 H. ZINNECKER - Observations of fragmentation. 201 E. KRUGEL - Extrasolar planetary material. 211 C.J. CLARKE - Star formation and dissipation in galactic discs. 217 E. KRUGEL - Star formation in star burst galaxies. 223 Yu. I. IZOTOV, V.A.LIPOVETSKII, N.G. GUSEVA, A. Yu. KNIAZEV, J.A. STEPANIAN - The new brilliant blue compact dwarf galaxy: a test on the early stages of galaxy evolution. 235 H.W. YORKE, R. KUNZE - Star formation in elliptical galaxies. 241 B. ROCCA-VOLMERANGE - Star formation in distant galaxies. 257 L. ANGELETTI, P. GIANNONE - The early evolution of spheroidal star systems. 267 3. HYDRODYNAMICAL AND DYNAMICAL MODELS. A.P. BOSS - Fragmentation of isotherma,l and non-isothermal protostellar clouds. 279 W.M. TSCHARNUTER - Protostellar core instabilities. 293 R. CAPUZZO-DOLCETTA, A. DI FAZIO, A.B. MEN'SHCHIKOV - A multifluid hydro dynamical radiative model for the evolution of a spherical protogalaxy. 303 A. PARRAVANO - Thermal instabilities in the warm interstellar gas as a regulat- ing mechanism of star formation. 319 A.B. MEN'SHCHIKOV - Evolution of the first protostellar core. 325 vii R. BEDOGNI, P.R. WOODWARD - Numerical hydrodynamics of cloud implosion. 333 4. THE INITIAL MASS FUNCTION. R. CAY REL - A review on IMF theories. 343 F. FERRINI, F. PALLA, U. PENCO - Fragmentation theories and the IMF. 357 F. D'ANTONA - The initial mass function of very low mass stars and the signifi- cance of brown dwarfs. 367 N.C. RANA - Multimodality of star formation. 381 5. STAR CLUSTERS: FRAGMENTATION AND STAR FORMATION. R.B. LARSON - Formation of star clusters. 389 M. MATEO - The initial mass functions of magellanic cloud star clusters. 401 R.A.W. ELSON - Are there large variations among IMFs of LMC clusters? 415 C. CHIOSI - Star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud. 421 P. BATTINELLI, R. CAPUZZO-DOLCETTA - Formation and disruption of open clusters. 441 6. DISCUSSION ON THE LOW MASS END OF THE IMF AND CONCLUDING REMARKS. DISCUSSION ON THE LOW MASS END OF THE IMF. 453 E. KRUGEL - Radio-observation perspectives and star formation. 459 R. B. LARSON - Concluding remarks. 461 KEY WORD INDEX 465 PREFACE In the recent years, we have witnessed the expansion and multiplication of the observations regarding star formation and fragmentation, and the consequent growth of the problematics concerning the underlying physical processes, the chem istry, the sites, the times, etc.. At the same time, we had a correspondingly in creasing demand of meetings dedicated to these subjects. It became particularly stimulating to have specific meetings on the underlying physical processes (both in the microphysics and not) and on the observations directly aimed at which of the physical mechanisms are relevant, and how do they interact and concur to give the observed data. Moreover, the studies of the latest 10 years have shown that formation of stars is likely to share many features (and many physical driving mechanisms, maybe even the main instabilities causing its onset) with the for mation of other self-gravitating objects (dust and molecular clouds, star systems, etc.). Therefore, it appeared to be very useful and interesting to discuss the for mation of the mentioned objects not separately, but in a more comparative way. Being aware of the presence of the latter concept in the recent literature, it has been fairly natural to include in a meeting on the above subjects the more general key-word "fragmentation". For all the above reasons, we decided to organize an interactive workshop with the title Physical Processes in Fragmentation and Star Formation. This initiative was taken while attending the IAU symposium 115 "Star Forming Regions". The idea to have such a workshop met the enthusiastic support of many specialists, and led to the formation of the Scientific Organizing Committee. The latter was composed of R. Capuzzo- Dolcetta, C. Chiosi, A. Di Fazio, F. Ferrini, R. B. Lar son, F. Palla, J. M. Scalo, D. A. Varshalovich, S. V. Vereshchagin. The decision taken by the SOC was that of organizing a specialistic workshop limited to a max imum number of 45 participants. The chosen site for the workshop has been the Monteporzio Catone branch of the Astronomical Observatory of Rome. A rele vant part of the world specialists joined in, and the workshop experienced a lively, highly interactive participation, thanks to the high number of new contributions presented and to the open discussions organized. We would like to express our gratitude to all the colleagues, for their great help. We enjoyed the presence of a large group of Soviet colleagues, which guaran teed a large representativity of the scientific community, and for this we thank the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Italian National Council of Researches (CNR). On behalf of the Scientific Organizing Committee we thank very warmly all the participants for their contributed papers and for their lively collaboration. We also would like to thank the sponsors, namely the CNR, the University of Rome "La Sapienza", the Astronomical Observatory of Rome, and the Astrophysical Ob servatory of Arcetri (Florence) for their financial support. Finally, special thanks are due to the director, Prof. A. Cavaliere, to dr. P. Battinelli and to the staff of the Astronomical Observatory of Rome for their unvaluable help. The Editors, R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta, C. Chiosi, A. Di Fazio ix Scientific Organizing Committee R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta, University of Roma I, Italy C. Chiosi, University of Padova, Italy (chairman) A. Di Fazio, Observatory of Roma, Italy F. Ferrini, University of Pisa, Italy R.B. Larson, Yale University, New Haven, U.S.A. F. Palla, Arcetri Observatory, Firenze, Italy J.M. Scalo, University of Texas, Austin, U.S.A. D.A. Varshalovich, Ioffe Institute, Leningrad, U.S.S.R. S.V. Vereshchagin, Astron. Counc. Acad. of Sciences, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Local Organizing Committee P. Battinelli, Observatory of Roma, Italy R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta, University of Roma I, Italy A. Di Fazio, Observatory of Roma, Italy with the help of A. Lattanzi, A. Restante, F. Rosati (Observatory of Roma, Italy). xi LIST OF PARTICIPANTS P. Battinelli Osservatorio Astronomico via del Parco Mellini 84 1-00136 Roma, ITALY R. Bedogni Dip. di Astronomia via Zamboni 33 1-40126 Bologna, ITALY A. Boss Dept. of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Inst. of Washington 5241 Broad Branch RD. N.W. Washington D.C. 20015, USA R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta Institute of Astronomy, University of Roma I via G.M. Lancisi 29 1-00161 Roma, ITALY R. Cayrel Observatoire de Paris 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire F-75014 Paris, FRANCE T. Celandroni Istituto di Astronomia University of Pisa Piazza Torricelli 2 1-56100 Pisa, ITALY J. P. Chieze Centre d'Etudes de Bruyeres Ie Chatel Service P.T.N., B. P. 12, F -91680 Bruyeres Ie Chatel, FRANCE C. Chiosi Dipartimento di Astronomia Vicolo Osservatorio 5 1-35122 Padova, ITALY C. Clarke Institute of Astronomy Madingley road Cambridge CB3 OHA, England U.K. xiii
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