Physical Agents in Rehabilitation: From Research to Practice

501 Pages·2003·22.24 MB·English

by  Michelle Cameron

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Physical
Agents in
Rehabilitation
From Researcht o Practice
Physlcal
Agents ln
Rehabllltatlon
From Research to Practice
Second Edition
StichelleH . Cameron, PT, OCS
l:est Lecturer
l:aCuate Program of PhysicalT herapy
j,.:ruel Merritt College
I i<Iand, California
-.alth Potentials,O wner
-i :{ealth Education and Consulting Company
I ailand, California
sAtI{pEBSl
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t-r. tf Et *
SAUNDERS
An Imynnto f Elsevrcr
11830W esthneI ndustrraDl nve
St LoursM, rssoun6 3146
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PHYSICAT ACENTS IN REHABILITAIION FROM RESEARCH TO PRACTICE 0.7216-9378-4
Copyright @ 2003, Elsevier. AII rights resenzed.
No part of thrs pubhcatron may be reproduced or transmrtted rn any form or by any means, electroruc or
mecharucal, mcludng photocopyrng, recordmg, or any nformailon storage and retneval system, wrthout
permrsslon m wntmg from the pubhsher
Permrssronsm ay be sought drrectly from Elsevrer's Health ScrencesR rghts Department rn Phrladelphra,
USA phone. (+ l)215-238-7869, fax. 1+ l)215-238-2239, emul: [email protected] may
also complete your request on-lme vta the Elsevrer Screnceh omepage (http:/iwww.elsevrer com), by selectrng
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Support' and then'Obtarmng Permrssrons'.
NOTICE
Rehabrhtatron ls an ever-changrng field Standard safety precautlons must be followed, but as new
research and clrrucal expenence broaden our knowledge, changes m treatment and drug therapy may
become necessary or appropnate. Readersa re advrsed to check the most current product mformahon
provrded by the manufacturer of each drug to be admrmstered to verfiy the recommended dose, the
method and durauon of admmrstratlon, and contrarndrcauons It rs the responsrbrlrty of the hcensed
prescnber, relyrng on expenence and knowledge of the patlent, to determrne dosagesa nd the best
treatment for each rndrvrdual patlent. Nerther the Pubhsher nor the author assumes any habrlrty for
any mlury and/or damage to persons or properq/ ansrng from thrs pubhcatron.
Prevrous edrtron copyrtghted 1,999
Acqu s fironsE drtor'M anon Waldman
DevelopmentaEl dttors Sue Bredenstemer,M aqory Fraser
Pu blrchmgS e r wcesM anage r' John Rogers
ProlectM anagar- Kathleen L Teal
Deugner"Kathr Gosche
CoverA rt Kathr Gosche
Pnnted m the Umted States of Amenca
Lastdrgrtrstheprmtnumber'9 8 7 6 5 4 3
Thisb oobis dedicatetdo them emoryo f
my husbanda ndd earest
friend
JohnC ameron
encouraginrgn et oa im high
for
and teachingm et hatI couldd o whateveIr V utm y mindt o.
Michelle H. Cameron, PT, OCS, is the owner of azine, and earned her the California APTA Clinician
Health Potentials, a health education and consulting ResearchA ward. Michelle has also written and edited
company. Shei s a physical therapist clinician, a teacher, numerous articles on electrical strmulation, ultrasound
researcher, and author, and now also a full-time and phonophoresis, and wound management, and
medical student at the Universiry of California, San wrote the section on ultrasound in Saunders'M anual
Francisco. She wrote the first edition and the currenr for Physical TheraVy Practice.M ichelle's discussions
edition of this book, PhysicalA gents in Rehabilrtatrcn: of ultrasound, electrical sumulation, thermal agents,
FromR esearctho P racticep, ublished by Saunders.I n addr- biofeedback, and wound management bring together
tion, her researcho n phonophoresis is published in current researcha nd practice to provide the decision-
PhysicalT heraVyt,h e Journal of the Amerrcan Physical making and hands-on tools that support optimal care
Therapy Association, and in ClinicalM anagementm ag- within today's health care envirorunenr.
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Acknowledg*ents
First and foremost, I want to thank the readers and Fraser,a ncillary and website developer and editor, for
purchaserso f the first edition of thrs book. Wrthout therr ongomg support.
l"ou, there wouldn't be a seconde ditron. In particular, The contrrbuting authors to the first edition,
I would like to thank those readersw ho took the time including David Selkowitz, asw ell as those who have
to contact me with their comments, thoughts, and been part of both editions, and Sara Shapiro who is
suggestionsa bout what worked for them and what new to the team;
didn't. And, special thanks are due Dr. Marjorie Sara,f or her persistencea nd dedication with a job
-ltoore for her review and input on Frgures 3-4 that turned out to be much more than she bargained
duough 3-7 inthe chapter on pain. for;
Thank you also to my friends, famtly, and col- Juhe Pryde, Diane Allen, and Gail Widener, who
,eagues.Y our ongoing support, encouragement,a nd updated their respective chapters thoroughly and
patience has kept me h.ppy and relatrvely sane promptly; and
:,hrought his endeavora nd the rest of my hfe. I would Linda Monroe for keeping this text in line with the
alsol ike to give specialt hanks to: APTA Cuide to PhysrcalT heraprstP ractice,s econd edi-
Andrew Allen, publishing director at Elsevier tion, and keeping my neck healthy through my hours
Science,f or his consistent support throughout this at the computer.
nroject;
MichelleH . Cameron
As well as Marion Waldman, executive editor; Sue
3redensteiner, developmental editor; and Marjory
f,x
L.-r ontrt.tbutors
Diane D. Allen, MS, PT julie A. Pryde, MS, PA-C, PT, OCS, SCS,
Adj unct Assistant Profes sor ATC, CSCS
SamuelM erritt College Adju nctA ssistanPt rofessor
SamueMl erritt College
FhysicalT herapist
Oakland,C alifornia
T:nterimH ealth Care
SanJose,C alifornia PhysicianA ssistant
ChaVter( : ToneA bnormalrties Muir OrthopaedicS pecialists
Walnut Creek,C alifornia
Linda G. Monroe, MPT, OCS Chayter2 : Inflammatioann d TissueR eVair
PhysicaTl herapist
PnvateP ractice Sara Shapiro, MPH, PT
ChaVter5 : MotionR estictionas nd Guide to Physical AssistanCt linicalP rofessor
TherapisPt ractice(s econde ditionc ontent) Universiryo f CaliforniaS anF rancisco
GraduateP rogrami n PhysicaTl herapy
Suzana Otafro-Lata, MS SanF ranciscoC, alifornia
SiomedicaEl ngineer
Owner
3ostonS cientificC orp/Symbiosis
Apex Wellness& PhysicaTl herapy
1"[iamiF, lorida
Chayter8 : ElectricaCl urrents
Chayter' 12:E lectrornagneRtiac diation(f irste drtion)
Gail L. Widerter, PhD, PT
Diana Perez,B Sc,P ! MSc
AssociateP rofessor
lart-time Faculry& CourseC oordinator
SamuelM erritt College
Faculryo f Medicine
Oakland, California
Schoool f Physicaal ndO ccupationaTl herapy
Chayter4 : ToneA bnormaliues
l-l.cGillU niversity
l"tontrealQ, uebec
ihysical Therapist
l"L ed i- C lub Physio the r apya nd Med icalW ellnes s
Center
Chayter' 12:E lectromagneRtica diation(f irste dition)
xl
Pref^ceto theS econdE dition
-:: rvriting the first editron of this book I tned to meet origrnal chapter on traction and compressionh as been
= need that I beheved exrsted-the need for a book drvrded mto two separatec hapters,i n order to reflect
-r the use of physical agents in rehabilitatron that patterns of clmrcal practice rather than the physical
-:...ered the breadth and depth of this material in a propertres of drfferent physical agents.T he electrical
::adly accessiblea nd easy to understand manner. currents chapter has also been rewritten to make its
- rut together a text that leads the reader from the sfyle, content and level of detail more similar to that
iasic scientifica nd physiologicalp rrnciplesu nderlying of the other chaptersi n section rwo of the book. This
:::e applicatlono f physical agents,t o the researche val- chapter has been shghtly simplified and shortened
:.rng their clinical use, and thence, to the practrcal while strll thoroughly covering all aspectso f the appli-
:.--arlso f selectrnga nd applyrng each specrficp hysrcal catron of electncalc urrentsr n rehabilitation.
:.-nt to optrmize patlent outcome. The enthusrasm In additron to updating this book, there is now
",,,:iew hich the first edition of this book was received, comparuon Evolve Online Learning Resources,w hich
-:-:^udrng complimentary comments, adoption by is available onlne at hW :/ / evolve.e lse vier .c om/Cameron
:-;rly educational programs, and purchase by many The Student ResourceC enter provides a Study Guide
:5cians, shows that the need was there and I met it. with many boards-type multiple-choice questions to
Given how well the first edition of this book was help students learn and assess their knowledge.
:r:eived, I was Ieery to make too many changesf or Instructors' resourcesa re availablet o instructors who
--:-:s
second edition. I have done my best to keep all adopt thrs book. The Instructors' Resource Center
:::. positive aspectso f the first editron whrle updatrng rncludes suggestlonsf or laboratory activities, means
::-. in-formatroni n all chapters. In addition, the con- to assessa nd document student competence in the
-.:rs and language of the second editron of the selection and application of physical agents, and an
-1-:erican Physical Therapy Associailon's Curde to electronic image collection of most of the figures in
:;:."sical Therapst Pracficea nd the principles of evr- the text. Images in the collection can be copied into
:=::ce-basedm edicme have been incorporated rnto PowerPoint presentatlons.
*-:s new edition, and a few areash ave been clarified The Preface to the First Edition states that this
::::nproved in other ways. Updates include consider- book was intended primarily for physical therapy stu-
i: rr1o f the most recent researchi n all areas,w ith par- dents and physical therapistsa lthough I believed that
:::,ar attention to meta-analyses and systematlc rt would also meet the needs of physical therapist
::l-iews of the literature. Over 50 new illustrauons asslstants,o ccupauonal therapists, chiropractors and
:,:'"-e been added to clarrfy and update content. In physrcrans,a nd students m these fields learning about
: iirion, all aspects of the text, includrng the case the use of physrcal agents.S incet he first edition was
::;dies, have been modified to be conslstentw rth the releasedr t has come to my attention that many oth-
-:":'-{et o Phyncal TherapistP ractrces, econd edrtion.* ers, including athletic trainers, occupationai therapy
1:-e order of the chapters has been changed and, the assistants,o steopaths,v eterinariansa nd animal train-
ers also find this book to be a useful tool in their prac-
-1= tice. I hope that this new edition continues to meet a
Preferred Physrcal Theraprst Pracfice PatternsSM are copy-
wide range of professionals'n eedsf or a readily acces-
:;:-:2002 Amencan PhysrcalT herapy Assocratrona nd are taken
:-i:- rrhe Gwde to Physrcal TheraprstP ractue (Gurde to Physrcal srble, ciear, and thorough text on the appiication of
T:-::aprst Practrce,2 "d Ed. Pht,s Ther 200I,81,9-744) All rrghts physrcala gentsi n rehabilitauon.
:r:,=:-.'ed. Preferred Physrcal Theraprst Practrce PatternsSM rs a
:l j.:nark of the Amencan PhysrcalT herapy Assocratron MichelleH . Cameron
xl11