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212 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM PHRONIMIDAE (CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA; Literature Cited HYPERIIDEA) OF THE EASTERN PACIFIC Afanas yev. K.1., Flint, M.V. and Fetisoy. A.N. 1989, Popu- A total of 466 samples of phronimids collected from the lation genetics of two mass species of Pacific Ocean upper 200m layer of the eastern equatorial Pacific (20°N4 capepods. Oceanology 29; 225-231, 20°S and E of 126°W) and coastal waters of California Boyd, S.H.. Wiebe, P.H. and Cox, 1.L. 1978. Limits of (33-35°N und E of 122°W) were examined, All species of Nematescelis meaalops in \he northwestern Atlantic in the Phronimidae were found in the eastern equatorial Pacific relation to Gulf Stream cold core rings. II. Physiological where Phronima dunbari Shih (1991) and P. bowmani Shih and biochemical effects of expatrialion. Journal of (1991)(formerly E. Pacific Form of P. stebbingi and P. Marine Research 30; 143-159. colletti respectively [Shih, 1969]) dominated, Only P. seden- Bucklin, A. and Marcus, N.H. 1985, Genetic differentiation laria (Forsk&l, 1775), P. atlantica Guerin. 1836, and P. of populations of the planktonic copepods Labidacera stebbingi Vosseler, 1900, occurred in the coastal waters of aestiva. Marine Biology 84: 219-224. California. Shih, C.-t., 1969. The systematics and biology of the family Thesydismtibuptiana oft morrphoilogcical ly similar spe- Phronimidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Dana Report 74: cies pairs (analogous species, Shih, 1986a) is common in the eastern. equatorial Pacific, eg. Phronima stebbingi-P. dun- 1-100, 1986a. Longitudinal distribution of oceanic calanoids bariand P. colletti-P. bawmani of the present study, and there are examples of chaetognaths, euphausitds and copepods in (Crustacea: Copepoda): an example of murine biagea- the literature. This plankton distribution pattern is probably graphy. In G. Schriever, H.K. Schminke and C.-1. Shih related to the complex oceanic circulation of the area where (eds) 8Proceedings of the Second International Confer- six Currents converge ot diverge (Wyrtki, 1967). ence on Copepoda9. Syllogeus 58: 105-114. Eddies from main oceanic currents bring enclosed water 1986b. Biogeography of oceani¢ zooplankton, In A.C. Pier- from one waler mass to a new environment surrounded by another water mass, The best known examples are cold core rol-Bults, §. van der Spoel, B.J. Zahuranéc and R.K. tings of the Gulf Stream (The Ring Group, 1981), The Johnson (eds) 8Pelagic biogeography=. Proceedings of entrained plankton population is subjected to continuous un International Conference, the Netherlands, 29 May45 decay of the core water duc to increasing dilution by water June 1985. UNESCO Technical Papers in Martine of the surrounding environment and is under tremendous Science 49: 250-253, physiological stress (Boyd et al., 1978: Wiebe and Boyd. 1991, Description of twa new species of Phronima 1978). Pupulations of planktonic species are known to be different in genetic structure (Bucklin and Marcus, 1¥Y&5)and Latreille, 1802 (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) with a key to to be distributed patchily (Wiebe, 1970). Unusual environ- all species of the genus. Journal of Crustacean Biology mental stress may affect the genetic structure of ap opulation: 14(2): 322-335, some copepod species in the castern equatorial Pacitic ex- The Ring Group, 1981, Gulf Stream cold-core tings: Their hibithigher genetic heterogeneity than those in the equatorial physics, chemisiry and biology. Science 212; 1091- and tropical central Pacific (Afnas9 yev ef al., 1989), 1110. The oceanic condition in the eastern equatorial Pacific, the Wiebe, P.H. 1970. Small-scale spatial distribution in oceanic general knowledge of oceanic eddies, the biology of 4 popu- zooplankton. Limnology and Oceanography 15: 205- lation entrained in an eddy, and diversification of genetic 217. structure in planklon, strongly support the hypothesis of Wiebe. P.H. and Boyd §.H. 1978, Limits of Nematascelus planktopatric speciation in marine zooplankton (Shih, 1986): meoalapsin the northwestern Atlantic in relation to Gulf 1. entrained population is subject to a different set of biotic and abiotic stresses; 2. modification of genetic Structure Stream cold core rings. |. Horizontal and vertical dis- occurs ina segment of the entrained population as a result of tribution, Journal of Marine Research 36; 119-142, adaplalion Lo new environmental stress; 3. successful propa- Wyrtki, K. 1967. Circulation and water masses in the eastern gation of the genetically modified segment of population eyualorial Pacific Qeean. International Journal of leads to formation of a new taxon lollawing 8succeeding Oceanology and Linmology 1: 117-147. teproductive isolation. Thus planktopatric speciation probably is the answer to Chang-tai Shih, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. why there are so many analogous plankton species in the Box 3443, Statien D, Orawa, Ontaria, Canada K1P eastern equatorial Pacific. 6P4,