Photons and Continuum States of Atoms and Molecules: Proceedings of a Workshop Cortona, Italy, June 16–20, 1986 PDF
Preview Photons and Continuum States of Atoms and Molecules: Proceedings of a Workshop Cortona, Italy, June 16–20, 1986
Springer Proceedings in Physics 16 ro e din in Managing Editor: H. K. V. Lotsch Volume 1 Fluctuations and Sensitivity in Nonequilibrium Systems Editors: W. Horsthemke and D. K Kondepudi Volume 2 EXAFS and Near Edge Structure 11/ Editors: K OH. odgson, B. Hedman, and J. E. Penner-Hahn Volume 3 Nonlinear Phenomena in Physics Editor: F.C laro Volume 4 Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy Editors: A. Laubereau and M. Stockburger Volume 5 Physics of Finely Divided Matter Editors: N. Boccara and M. Daoud Volume 6 Aerogels Editor: J.F ricke Volume 7 Nonlinear Optics: Materials and Devices Editors: C. Flytzanis and J. L. Oudar Volume 8 Optical Bistability 11/ Editors: H. M. Gibbs, P. Mandel, N. Peyghambarian, and S. D. Smith Volume 9 Ion Formation from Organic Solids (IFOS 11/) Editor: A. Benninghoven Volume 10 Atomic Transport and Defects in Metals by Neutron Scattering Editors: C.Janot, W. Petry, D. 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In this way, publication can be achieved very soon aiterthe conference and costs are kept low; the quality of visual presentation is, nevertheless, very high. We believe that such a series is preferable to the method of publishing conference proceedings in journals, where the typesetting requires time and considerable expense, and results in a longer publication period. Springer Proceedings in Physics can be considered as a journal in every other way: it should be cited in publications of research papers as Springer Proc. Phys., followed by the respective volume number, page number and year. Photons and Continuum States of Atoms and Molecules Proceedings of a Workshop Cortona, Italy, June 16-20, 1986 Editors: N. K Rahman, C. Guidotti, M.Allegrini With 144 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Professor Naseem K Rahman Professor Carla Guidotti Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale UniversitA di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 1-56100 Pisa, Italy Dr. Maria Allegrini Istituto di Fisica Atomica e Moleculare del C. N. R. Via del Guardino 7,1-56100 Pisa, Italy ISBN-13:978-3-642-71780-2 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-71778-9 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-71778-9 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those oftranslation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine orsimilarmeans, and storage in data banks. Under§ 54 ofthe German CopyrightLaw where copies are madeforotherthan private use,a fee is payable to "VerwertungsgeselischaftWort", Munich. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1987 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1987 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and there fore free for general use. 2153/3150-543210 Preface Since 1981 there has been an attempt in Europe to organize a series of small meetings/workshops/tavole rotonde with the aim of bringing together physi cists and chemists interested in problems concerning atoms or molecules in teracting with external photons where the continua are investigated. The number of problems that fall into this category turns out to be vast. However, it is not possible to make a strict separation into problems con cerning atomic and molecular collisions and those related to the usual spec troscopy. This admixture of two disciplines, discussions on the role of photons and on the interaction of external electromagnetic fields with the continuum provided a central motivation for these workshops. The fourth of this series of meetings was held at Cortona between June 16 and 20, 1986. It was attended by about 100 researchers in the field and there were 43 presentations, all having equal time. These talks form the subject matter of this volume. The idea of publishing the proceedings of these meetings is not new. It allows one to have small meetings in which the subject matter can be discussed at length in a lively atmosphere. However, after the meeting is over, the speakers can collect their thoughts and produce articles in which the results of their interaction with the other participants can be incorporated. The last three meetings have resulted in the following volumes: (a) Photon-Assisted Collisions and Related Topics, ed. by N.K. Rahman and C. Guidotti (Harwood Academic Publishers, London 1982) (b) Collisions and Half-Collisions with Lasers, ed. by N.K. Rahman and C. Guidotti (Harwood Academic Publishers, London 1984) (c) Atomic and Molecular Collisions in a Laser Field, ed. by J.L. Picque, G. Spiess and F.J. Wuilleumier (Les Editions de Physique, Les VIis 1985) It is superfluous to make lengthy introductory comments on the contents of this book. The variety of sub-topics that the authors have treated while keeping themselves anchored to the theme of the meeting (as well as the series) is quite remarkable. There are papers regarding structure in the con tinuum per se either revealed or manipulated by external photons. The colli sion processes (atom-atom, atom-molecule) are the subject of a wide range of experimental and theoretical studies. Above-threshold ionization continues to flourish, both experimentally with new results and theoretically with even newer interpretations. Ionization by a low frequency field has again come into v vogue after a few years in the doldrums and it can be related to both classical mechanics and the fashionable area of chaos. Electron scattering modified with photons continues to occupy a large body of theorists, and here, cer tainly, there is a crying need for experiments. Absorption of large numbers of photons by polyatomic molecules, with eventual dissociation, continues to survive as an important field of research. The readers of these proceedings will find these topics and more in this volume. From the reaction and the response of the authors of these articles, and also of the participants of the Workshop at Cortona, it was clear that the subject of these proceedings is in a phase of continuous evolution with many new ideas and results to come in the future. In fact, it was decided that in two years there will be another Workshop to see what has been achieved in the meantime. In conclusion, one may say that the editors will feel their efforts in producing this volume to have been repaid if this volume is remembered as a modest step forward in this area of research. Pisa, November 1986 Naseem K. Rahman Carla Guidotti Maria Allegrini VI Acknow ledgements The Workshop at Cortona was organized under the auspices of the Istituto di Chimica Quantistica ed Energetica Molecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, the Istituto di Fisica Atomica e Molecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa and the Facolta di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali dell'Universita di Pisa. The co operation of several individuals as well as organizations was necessary for its success. Our most sincere thanks go to the other three members of the organizing committee, Prof. E. Arimondo (University of Pisa), Dr. A. Lami (I.C.Q.E.M., C.N.R., Pisa) and Dr. 1. Moi (I.F.A.M., C.N.R., Pisa), who constantly cooperated in the organization of the meeting during the entire period of planning and during the meeting itself. The Director of I.C.Q.E.M., Prof. O. Salvetti, and the Director of I.F.A.M .. Dr. M. Vaselli, have given the full support of their respective Institutes in every possible manner. The Director and the staff of Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa, and in particular Prof. F. Bassani, deserve our gratitude for providing such a lovely venue, the Palazzone, in which to hold the meeting. The financial help from I.C.Q.E_M. under Progetto Strategico Di namica Molecolare e Catalisi, Comitato Nazionale Scienze Fisiche del Cosiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Universita di Pisa, Settore di Fisica Atomicd e Molecolare del Gruppo Nazionale di Struttura della Materia, Coherent Radiation, dB Electronics Instruments, Banca Popolare di Cortona and Cassa di Risparmio di Pisa is gratefully acknowledged. Among colleagues who have gone out of their way to help us either during the meeting or in helping us with this volume we must mention Prof. V. Aquilanti, Dr. P. Agostini, Prof. J.J. Leventhal, Dr. S. Gozzini and Dr. A. Ferretti. The secretarial help provided by Mr. O. Cosci, Mrs. G. Roventini, Mr. A. Biagi, Mrs. K. Nicotra, Mrs. L. Girolami and Mrs. A.M. Arrighi was instrumental in the smooth running of the Workshop. Fi nally, the Azienda Autonoma di Soggiorno e Turismo of Cortona is to be thanked for providing the participants with some material and for local help. VII Contents Part I Photons and Atomic Continua Microwave Excitation and Ionization By T.F. Gallagher (With 4 Figures) 2 Nonlinear Electron Dynamics Within the Stretched Hydrogen Atom in Intense Microwaves. By J.E. Bayfield (With 4 Figures) ........ 8 One-Dimensional Atomic Physics By R.V. Jensen and S.M. Susskind (With 3 Figures) 13 Is Subthreshold Ionization a Chaotic Phenomenon? By G. Mantica (With 4 Figures) .......................... 22 Stochasticity in Hydrogen in Presence of dc and ac Fields By M.H. Nayfeh and D. Humm (With 6 Figures) .............. 28 The Problem of Laser-Induced Tunnel Ionization By Gy. Farkas (With 8 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 An L 2 Method for Continuum States By R. Moccia and P. Spizzo (With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Collective Effects in Multiphoton Ionization: Application to Two- Photon One-Electron Ionization of Xenon By A. L'Huillier and G. Wendin (With 4 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Permanent Quantum Beats from Coupling of Two Atomic Bound States to a Single Autoionizing State By A. Lami and N.K. Rahman (With 3 Figures) .............. 62 Electric Field Effects on Structure in the Continuum By D.E. Kelleher, E.B. Saloman, and J.W. Cooper (With 8 Figures) 68 Part II Above-Threshold Ionization Above-Threshold Ionization with Linear and Circular Polarizations By F. Yergeau, G. Petite, and P. Agostini (With 3 Figures) ...... 78 IX Dressing of Continuum States and Manipulation of Intermediate Resonances in Multiphoton Ionisation By H.B. van Linden van den Heuvell, H.G. Muller, and M.J. van der Wiel (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Theoretical Models for Above-Threshold Ionization in Atomic Hydrogen. By Y. Gontier and M. Trahin (With 3 Figures) ....... 91 Non-Perturbative Theory of Above-Threshold Ionization By H.R. Reiss (With 4 Figures) ........................... 98 Multiphoton Ionisation Towards Multiple Continua: The Role of Space Charge. By M. Crance ............................ 104 Two-Photon Above-Threshold Ionization: Study of a Schematic Model Atom By G.P. Arrighini, N. Durante, and C. Guidotti (With 1 Figure) 111 Multiphoton Absorption Above the Ionization Threshold By R. Shakeshaft ..................................... 118 Part III Molecules in Laser Fields Bound-Continuum Transitions of Na2 Studied by Doppler Photofragment Spectroscopy By G. Gerber and R. Moller (With 9 Figures) ................ 126 Mechanism of Laser Induced Decomposition of Gaseous Polyatomic Molecules. By E. Borsella, L. Caneve, A. Giardini-Guidoni, and A. Mele (With 7 Figures) ............................ 134 Coupled Equations and the Bloch-Nordsieck Representation for Molecules. By A.D. Bandrauk ............................ 143 The Franck-Condon Principle. By J. Tellinghuisen (With 4 Figures) 149 Part IV Atomic Collisions in Laser Fields Reactive Collision Dynamics of the Collision System Mg + H2 Using Far Wing Laser Scattering. By A.M. Lyyra, P.D. Kleiber, K.M. Sando, and W.C. Stwalley (With 5 Figures) ............. 158 Laser Pulse-Induced Molecular Collisions: Effect of the Temporal Width of the Pulse. By H.-W. Lee and T.F. George ............ 166 Charge Transfer in Collisions and in Complexes Involving Excited Atoms. By W. Kamke, E.E.B. Campbell, R. Witte, B. Kamke, H. Schmidt, Z. Wang, H.U. Kieft, and LV. Hertel (With 9 Figures) 171 Laser-Induced Charge Transfer in Ion-Atom Collisions By L.F. Errea, L. Mendez, and A. Riera (With 6 Figures) 178 x Collisional Ionization in Laser-Excited Barium Vapor By D. Cubaynes, J.1. Picque, G. Spiess, J.M. Bizau, B. Carre, F. Roussel, and F.J. Wuilleuinier (With 4 Figures) ............. 186 Laser-Assisted Ionization in the He*(21S, 23S)+He(11S) Collision System. By P. Monchicourt, P. Pradel, D. Dubreuil, and J.J. Laucagne (With 6 Figures) ........................ 195 The Collision Dynamics of Associative Ionization By J. Weiner (With 5 Figures) ........................... 203 Production of Atomic Rydberg States in Optical Collisions By C.E. Burkhardt, M. Ciocca, W.P. Garver, J.J. Leventhal, and J.D. Kelley (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 208 Energy Transfer Collisions in Laser-Excited Mixtures of Alkali Vapors. By S. Abdullah, M. Allegrini, S. Gozzini, and L. Moi (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 214 The Far Wing Behaviour of the LICET Lineshape By A. Bambini and P.R. Berman (With 2 Figures) ............. 220 High-Resolution Lineshape Study of a LICET Process in the Far-Wing. By M. Matera, M. Mazzoni, R. Buffa, S. Cavalieri, and E. Arimondo (With 4 Figures) ........................ 227 Collisionally Aided Coherent Emission at an Optica.l Frequency By E. Giacobino and P.R. Berman (With 5 Figures) ............ 233 Part V Electronic Collisions in Laser Fields Close-Coupling Solution of Radiative e-H+ Scattering in a Laser Field. By L. Dimou and F.H.M. Faisal (With 5 Figures) ........ 240 Electron-Proton and Electron-Hydrogen Atom Collisions in the Presence of a Radiation Field. By A. Maquet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 246 Electron Scattering in Intense, High-Frequency Laser Fields By M. Gavrila, J.Z. Kaminski, and M.J. Offerhaus (With 3 Figures) 255 Applications of Generalized Coherent States By J. Bergou, S. Varr6, and F. Ehlotzky .................... 265 High Intensity Effects in Multiphoton Free-Free Transitions By S. Bivona, R. Daniele, G. Ferrante, and F. Trombetta (With 4 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 270 New Results for Perturbative Calculations of Free-Free Scattering By E.J. Robinson and C. Chang .......................... 281 Index of Contributors ..... 289 XI
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