Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light - Ab-Initio Research PDF
Preview Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light - Ab-Initio Research
November13,2007 Time: 06:25pm prelims.tex Photonic Crystals COPYRIGHT 2008, PRINCETO N UNIVERSITY PRESS i November13,2007 Time: 06:25pm prelims.tex COPYRIGHT 2008, PRINCETO N UNIVERSITY PRESS ii November13,2007 Time: 06:25pm prelims.tex Photonic Crystals Molding the Flow of Light Second Edition John D. Joannopoulos Steven G. Johnson Joshua N. Winn Robert D. Meade PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS • PRINCETON AND OXFORD COPYRIGHT 2008, PRINCETO N UNIVERSITY PRESS iii November13,2007 Time: 06:25pm prelims.tex Copyright(cid:1)c 2008byPrincetonUniversityPress PublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPress,41WilliamStreet,Princeton, NewJersey08540 IntheUnitedKingdom:PrincetonUniversityPress,3MarketPlace, Woodstock,OxfordshireOX201SY AllRightsReserved LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Joannopoulos,J.D.(JohnD.),1947- Photoniccrystals:moldingtheflowoflight/JohnD.Joannopoulos...[etal.]. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN:978-0-691-12456-8(acid-freepaper) 1.Photons.2.Crystaloptics.I.Joannopoulos,J.D.(JohnD.),1947-II.Title. QC793.5.P427J632008 (cid:1) 548.9–dc22 2007061025 BritishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable ThisbookhasbeencomposedinPalatino Printedonacid-freepaper.∞ press.princeton.edu PrintedinSingapore 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 COPYRIGHT 2008, PRINCETO N UNIVERSITY PRESS iv November13,2007 Time: 06:25pm prelims.tex To Kyriaki and G. G. G. COPYRIGHT 2008, PRINCETO N UNIVERSITY PRESS v November13,2007 Time: 06:25pm prelims.tex ToseeaWorldinaGrainofSand, AndaHeaveninaWildFlower, HoldInfinityinthepalmofyourhand AndEternityinanhour. —WilliamBlake,AuguriesofInnocence(1803) COPYRIGHT 2008, PRINCETO N UNIVERSITY PRESS vi November13,2007 Time: 06:25pm prelims.tex CONTENTS PrefacetotheSecondEdition xiii PrefacetotheFirstEdition xv 1 Introduction 1 ControllingthePropertiesofMaterials 1 PhotonicCrystals 2 AnOverviewoftheText 3 2 Electromagnetism in Mixed Dielectric Media 6 TheMacroscopicMaxwellEquations 6 ElectromagnetismasanEigenvalueProblem 10 GeneralPropertiesoftheHarmonicModes 12 ElectromagneticEnergyandtheVariationalPrinciple 14 Magneticvs.ElectricFields 16 TheEffectofSmallPerturbations 17 ScalingPropertiesoftheMaxwellEquations 20 Discretevs.ContinuousFrequencyRanges 21 ElectrodynamicsandQuantumMechanicsCompared 22 FurtherReading 24 3 Symmetries and Solid-State Electromagnetism 25 UsingSymmetriestoClassifyElectromagneticModes 25 ContinuousTranslationalSymmetry 27 Indexguiding 30 DiscreteTranslationalSymmetry 32 PhotonicBandStructures 35 RotationalSymmetryandtheIrreducibleBrillouinZone 36 MirrorSymmetryandtheSeparationofModes 37 Time-ReversalInvariance 39 Bloch-WavePropagationVelocity 40 COPYRIGHT 2008, PRINCETO N UNIVERSITY PRESS November13,2007 Time: 06:25pm prelims.tex viii CONTENTS Electrodynamicsvs.QuantumMechanicsAgain 42 FurtherReading 43 4 The Multilayer Film: A One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal 44 TheMultilayerFilm 44 ThePhysicalOriginofPhotonicBandGaps 46 TheSizeoftheBandGap 49 EvanescentModesinPhotonicBandGaps 52 Off-AxisPropagation 54 LocalizedModesatDefects 58 SurfaceStates 60 OmnidirectionalMultilayerMirrrors 61 FurtherReading 65 5 Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals 66 Two-DimensionalBlochStates 66 ASquareLatticeofDielectricColumns 68 ASquareLatticeofDielectricVeins 72 ACompleteBandGapforAllPolarizations 74 Out-of-PlanePropagation 75 LocalizationofLightbyPointDefects 78 Pointdefectsinalargergap 83 LinearDefectsandWaveguides 86 SurfaceStates 89 FurtherReading 92 6 Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals 94 Three-DimensionalLattices 94 CrystalswithCompleteBandGaps 96 Spheresinadiamondlattice 97 Yablonovite 99 Thewoodpilecrystal 100 Inverseopals 103 Astackoftwo-dimensionalcrystals 105 COPYRIGHT 2008, PRINCETO N UNIVERSITY PRESS November13,2007 Time: 06:25pm prelims.tex CONTENTS ix LocalizationataPointDefect 109 ExperimentaldefectmodesinYablonovite 113 LocalizationataLinearDefect 114 LocalizationattheSurface 116 FurtherReading 121 7 Periodic Dielectric Waveguides 122 Overview 122 ATwo-DimensionalModel 123 PeriodicDielectricWaveguidesinThreeDimensions 127 SymmetryandPolarization 127 PointDefectsinPeriodicDielectricWaveguides 130 QualityFactorsofLossyCavities 131 FurtherReading 134 8 Photonic-Crystal Slabs 135 RodandHoleSlabs 135 PolarizationandSlabThickness 137 LinearDefectsinSlabs 139 Reduced-radiusrods 139 Removedholes 142 Substrates,dispersion,andloss 144 PointDefectsinSlabs 147 MechanismsforHighQwithIncompleteGaps 149 Delocalization 149 Cancellation 151 FurtherReading 155 9 Photonic-Crystal Fibers 156 MechanismsofConfinement 156 Index-GuidingPhotonic-CrystalFibers 158 Endlesslysingle-modefibers 161 ThescalarlimitandLPmodes 163 Enhancementofnonlineareffects 166 COPYRIGHT 2008, PRINCETO N UNIVERSITY PRESS
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