Photography: The 50 Most Influential Photographers of All Time

136 Pages·2010·4.72 MB·English

by  Chris Dickie

The 50 most influential photographers of all time
NEWTON BAILEY CAMERON FOX TAl
DAGUERRE BOURKE-WHITE LEIBOVITZ
LAND CAPA WEEGEE DOISNEAU
KARSH MAPPLETHORPE CARTIER-BRESSON
CHRIS DICKIE
The medium of photography is now
so ubiquitous that we come across
thousands of photographic images
every day but seldom consider the
photographers who created them.
This informative and accessible
volume helps fill that gap by taking
you through the achievements of
pioneers in the field, following 50 of
the most influential photographers in
history and 10 key concepts in the
evolution of photography.
From its mechanical beginnings to its
development as an art form, and from
war journalism to celebrity paparazzi.
Icons of Culture: Photography explores
the social and technical changes that
have made the medium such a
pervasive force in our lives.

1
Icons of Culture
PHOTOGRAPHY
The 50 most influential photographers of all time
First edition for the United States, its territories and dependencies, and Canada published in
2010 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc.
Copyright © Elwin Street Limited 2009
Conceived and produced by
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All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means
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All inquiries should be addressed to:
Barron's Educational Series, Inc.
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www.barroiiseduc.com
ISBN-13: 978-0-7641-6295-4
ISBN-10: 0-7641-6295-0
Library of Congress Control No.: 2009926094
Design: Diana Sullada
Picture credits: Corbis: pp. 27, 33,4l, 43, 50. 53, 55, 59, 65,71, 73, 81,89, 101, 103, 107,
117, 121, 125, 127; Getty Images: pp. 35, 63, 79, 87, 99, 119; Magnum: p. 109; Science and
Society Picture Library: pp. 8, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 25, 57, 85, 113; Courtesy Sonnabend Gallery:
p. 93; Stephen Shore / Galler)' Stock: p. 97; Fracnkel Gallery: pp. 46 (© Lee Friedlander,
courtesy Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco), 95 (© Robert Adams, courtesy Fraenkel Gallery, SF
and Matthew Marks Gallery, NY), 111 (©The Estate of Garry Winogrand, courtesy Fraenkel
Gallery, San Francisco); Time &: Life Pictures/Gecry Images: 29; Ernst Haas/Getty Images: 38;
Yousef Karsh/Rex Features: 61; Annie Leibovitz/Rex Features: 69; Sipa Press/Rex Features: 77;
The Advertising Archives/Irving Penn: 75; RIA Novosti/Alamy, 123; Untitled (#70), 1980, color
photograph, 16 x 24 in., The Broad An Foundation, Santa Monica. Courtesy of the Artist
(Cindy Sherman) and Metro Pictures; 127.
Printed in Singapore
98765432
Icons of Culture
PHOTOGRAPHY
The 50 most influential photographers of all time
CHRIS DICKIE
BARRON’S
CONTENTS
Introduction 6
Early Pioneers
Louisjacques Mande Daguerre 8 THE BIRTH OF
PHOTOGRAPHY 10 William Henry Fox Talbot 12
Eadweard Muybridge 14 The Lumiere Brothers 16
George Eastman 18 ■ Edwin Land 20 FROM FILM
TO DIGITAL 22
Photojournalism
Mathew Brady 24 Weegee 26 Margaret
Bourke-White 28 THE CAMERA AT WAR 30
Robert Capa 32 W. Eugene Smith 34 THE
PICTURE ON A PAGE 36 Ernst Haas 38
Documentary
August Sander 40 Dorothea Lange 42 Henri
Cartier-Bresson 44 ^ Lee Friedlander46 THE
PHOTOGRAPH AS DOCUMENT 48 William
Eggleston 50 Martin Parr 52 i Sebastiao Salgado 54
Portraits
Julia Margaret Cameron 56 Walker Evans 58
Yousuf Karsh 60 ' Diane Arbus 62 Robert
Mapplethorpe 64 SEX AND THE CAMERA 66
Annie Leibovitz 68
Fashion
Horst R Horst 70 | Cecil Beaton 72 | Irving Penn 74 j
Helmut Newton 76 Richard Avedon 78 David
Bailey 80 ROCK-AND-ROLL YEARS 82
Land and Topography
Francis Frith 84 Edward Weston 86 Ansel Adams
88 . ARTISTS AND ALTERNATIVE PROCESSES 90
Bernd and Hilla Becher 92 Robert Adams 94
Stephen Shore 96
Cities
BrassaT98 ^ Bill Brandt 100 Robert Doisneau 102
WHEN THE CAMERA LIES 104 Helen Levitt 106
Robert Frank 108 Garry Winogrand 110
Artist Photographers
Alfred Stieglitz 112 PHOTOGRAPHY AS ART 114
Edward Steichen 116 Man Ray 118 | Laszio
Moholy-Nagy 120 Alexander Rodchenko 122
Andre Kertesz 124 | Cindy Sherman 126
Index 128
INTRODUCTION
As cultural media go, photography is a relative newcomer:
just 170 years old. Yet it is ubiquitous. As long as 2,500 years
ago, aspects of optical principles were understood and
described, but it was well into the nineteenth century
before someone managed to devise a way of capturing a
permanent image created by focused light; and then, within
days of each other, two of photography's pioneers made
public announcements of their inventions, conceived
independently on either side of the English Channel.
P
hotography was born. Without it there would be no films or
television and, while the Internet might still exist, it would be a
pretty dull place. The inventors of photography were scientists and
businessmen, its early practitioners gentlemen hobbyists and
tradesmen; now we are all photographers and the world is awash with
images, as are the networks that now connect it.
An early application of the new art/science of photography
was portraiture: painters saw their livelihoods under threat. But
before long it had spread into
myriad genres: topography and “If a day goes by without
landscape, documentary and my do i ng so met hi ng
photojournalism, science and
related to photography,
research, art and illustration,
it's as though I've
advertising and fashion, social
portraiture and weddings. No neglected something
area in which an image played a essential to my existence,
role was untouched, and with
as though I had
the invention of the snapshot
forgotten to wake up. ”
camera the medium became
democratized. Richard Avedon
67