PHOTOGRAPHING NATURE A photo workshop from Brooks Institute’s top nature photography instructor Ralph a. ClevengeR Photographing Nature A photo workshop from Brooks Institute’s top nature photography instructor Ralph A. Clevenger new Riders 1249 eighth Street Berkeley, Ca 94710 510/524-2178 510/524-2221 (fax) Find us on the Web at www.newriders.com To report errors, please send a note to [email protected] new Riders is an imprint of peachpit, a division of pearson education. Copyright © 2010 by Ralph a. Clevenger all photography © Ralph a. Clevenger except author photo on about the author page © Misty Schmidt project editor: nikki echler McDonald Development and Copy editor: Robin Drake production editor: hilal Sala proofreader: nikki echler McDonald Indexer: James Minkin Interior design and composition: Kim Scott, Bumpy Design Cover design: Charlene Charles-Will Cover image: Ralph Clevenger Notice of Rights all rights reserved. no part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For information on getting permission for reprints and excerpts, contact [email protected]. Notice of Liability The information in this book is distributed on an “as Is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor peachpit shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the computer software and hardware products described in it. Trademarks Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and peachpit was aware of a trademark claim, the designations appear as requested by the owner of the trademark. all other product names and services identified throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and for the benefit of such companies with no intention of infringement of the trademark. no such use, or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other affiliation with this book. ISBn 13 978-0-321-63754-3 ISBn 10 0-321-63754-2 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 printed and bound in the United States of america For MJ Acknowledgments To the people who shaped my life: my dad, Chuck Farwell, ernie Brooks II, george lepp, and Craig aurness. To my mom, for obvious reasons. To my peers, who helped me to make this book a reality: Chris Orwig, Mike verbois, Christy Schuler, Kelly Kirlin, and Michael lussier. To my editors: nikki McDonald, who had the vision for this book; and Robin Drake, who helped pull all the pieces together. To Kim Scott, hilal Sala, Charlene Charles-Will, and the rest of the production team at peachpit press. Thank you. iv About the author Ralph Clevenger grew up on the coast of north africa and began diving in the waters of the Medi- terranean Sea at the age of seven with his father. he eventually went on to study zoology and worked as a diver/biologist for the Scripps Institu- tion of Oceanography in la Jolla, California before attending Brooks Institute of photography in Santa Barbara, California. Ralph went on to work as an associate photographer with renowned nature photographer george lepp and, in 1983, was offered a teaching position at Brooks Institute. he teaches courses in nature photography, stock photography, video production, and undersea photography. Ralph has traveled throughout the world on assignment, includ- ing australia, South america, antarctica, and africa. his clients include Monterey Bay aquarium, Macgillivray Freeman Films, Fox Sports net, The nature Conservancy, Denali national park & preserve Wilderness access Center, the U.S. national park Service, and the nOaa national Marine Sanctuaries. his publication credits include audubon, aQUa Magazine, Islands, Oceans, Outside, Orion nature Quarterly, national geographic, national geographic Traveler, popular photography & Imaging, nature’s Best photography, national geographic Books, Smithsonian Books, Sierra Club Books, and many other national and international publications. Ralph’s stock images are represented worldwide by Corbis. v Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xii 1 Play nice 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Knowledge and creativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Becoming part of the solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Questions & Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 2 You need more stuff? 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stuff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Questions & Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3 It’s all about the light 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qualities of light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Questions & Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Assignments to try . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 vi PHOTOGRAPHING NATURE 4 Not everything’s black-and-white 74 .... The color of nature ....................................76 equipment ........................................... 83 lighting ............................................. 85 Questions & answers ................................. 88 assignments to try ....................................91 5 Flash! And you’re in control 92 .......... light at 1/20,000 of a second .......................... 94 equipment ........................................... 99 lighting .............................................102 Questions & answers .................................104 assignments to try ...................................108 6 Wet-belly photography 110 ................. Finding flowers and chasing bugs ......................112 equipment ........................................... 117 lighting .............................................118 Questions & answers .................................122 assignments to try ...................................127 COnTenTS vii 7 Garden variety shots 128 .................. nature so close ......................................130 equipment ...........................................135 lighting .............................................137 Questions & answers .................................140 assignments to try ...................................145 8 The wonder of wildlife 146 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lions and tigers and bears, oh my! .....................148 equipment ...........................................153 lighting .............................................158 Questions & answers .................................160 assignments to try ...................................165 9 An ounce of prevention 166 .............. Zoos ................................................168 equipment ...........................................175 lighting .............................................178 Questions & answers .................................180 assignments to try ...................................185 10 Land, sea, and sky 186 ...................... The wide view .......................................188 Telling the story ......................................191 equipment ...........................................193 lighting .............................................196 Questions & answers .................................199 assignments to try ..................................205 viii phOTOgRaphIng naTURe 11 Looking through the frame 206 ......... The frame ..........................................208 Composing the image ................................211 equipment ...........................................215 lighting .............................................221 Questions & answers ................................222 assignments to try ..................................226 12 What are you looking at? 228 ............. preconceptions .....................................230 equipment ..........................................236 lighting ............................................ 240 Questions & answers ................................ 242 assignments to try .................................. 247 13 On the road 248 .............................. Road trip ...........................................250 a ‘typical day’ of shooting ............................255 equipment .......................................... 259 lighting ............................................ 263 Questions & answers ................................265 assignments to try .................................. 270 14 Back in the lab 272 .......................... Becoming the lab ................................... 274 Manipulation ........................................ 276 equipment .......................................... 278 lighting ............................................285 Questions & answers ................................288 assignments to try ..................................290 appendix: Resources ................................ 292 Index .............................................. 297 COnTenTS ix