Photographic and Descriptive Musculoskeletal Atlas of Gibbons and Siamangs (Hylobates): With Notes on the Attachments, Variations, Innervation, Synonymy and Weight of the Muscles PDF
Preview Photographic and Descriptive Musculoskeletal Atlas of Gibbons and Siamangs (Hylobates): With Notes on the Attachments, Variations, Innervation, Synonymy and Weight of the Muscles
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P Fa. sPtaosr t(cid:31)o Fré (cid:31)l iFxé Jl.i xde J P. daez P(cid:31) Eavza (cid:31) MEv. aFe Mrr.e Freor rero a (cid:31)(cid:30)Gaëlle Bello (cid:31) Mercedes Barbosa (cid:31) M. Ashraf Aziz (cid:31) Anne M. Burrows Science Publishers tes (cid:31)(cid:30)Gaëlle Bello(cid:31)(cid:30) J(cid:31)u Mliae rAcreidase-sM Baarrtbooreslal (cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:30)(cid:30) BMe.r Anasrhdr Aaf. AWzoizo d(cid:31) Anne M. Burrows Science Publishers ) (cid:31)(cid:30) Julia Arias-Martorell (cid:31)(cid:30)(cid:30)Bernard A. Wood 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 711 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 an informa business 2 Park Square, Milton Park www.taylorandfrancisgroup.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK Photographic and Descriptive Musculoskeletal Atlas of Gibbons and Siamangs (Hylobates) With notes on the attachments, variations, innervation, synonymy and weight of the muscles TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk Photographic and Descriptive Musculoskeletal Atlas of Gibbons and Siamangs (Hylobates) With notes on the attachments, variations, innervation, synonymy and weight of the muscles • Rui Diogo • Josep M. Potau • Juan F. Pastor • Félix J. de Paz • Eva M. Ferrero • Gaëlle Bello • Mercedes Barbosa • M. Ashraf Aziz • Anne M. Burrows • Julia Arias-Martorell • Bernard A. Wood Science Publishers Jersey, British Isles Enfi eld, New Hampshire CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20120402 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-0297-0 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti- lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopy- ing, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge support and funding from all of the institutions and funding bodies that made this project possible; we especially acknowledge GW’s support for RD’s research via a GW Presidential Fellowship. We particularly acknowledge Brian Richmond (George Washington University) for allowing us to dissect the GWU HL1 specimen, Gonzalo Fernández and Jesús Recuero (Bioparc Fuengirola) for providing the VU HG1 and VU HG2 specimens, and Chris Bonar (Dallas World Aquarium and Zoological Garden of Dallas) for procuring the DU HM1 and DU HS1 specimens when he was at the Cleveland MetroParks Zoo. TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk Contents Acknowledgments v 1. Introduction and Aims 1 2. Methodology and Material 3 3. Head and Neck Musculature 6 3.1 Mandibular musculature 6 3.2 Hyoid musculature 8 3.3 Branchial musculature 21 3.4 Hypobranchial musculature 32 3.5 Extra-ocular musculature 36 4. Pectoral and Upper Limb Musculature 37 5. Trunk and Back Musculature 82 6. Diaphragmatic and Abdominal Musculature 87 7. Perineal, Coccygeal and Anal Musculature 89 8. Pelvic and Lower Limb Musculature 92 Appendix I: Literature Including Information about the Muscles of Hylobatids 109 Appendix II: Literature Cited, not Including Information about the Muscles of Hylobatids 119 Index 121 About the Authors 127 Color Plate Section 129 TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk 1 CHAPTER Introduction and Aims Gibbons and siamangs (Hylobates), apart from common chimpanzees and bonobos, gorillas and orangutans, are our closest living relatives. This photographic and descriptive musculoskeletal atlas of Hylobates follows the same configuration used in the photographic atlas of Gorilla published in 2010 (Diogo et al. 2010). These two books are part of a monograph series that will also include atlases of orangutans and chimpanzees. The series is designed to provide the comparative, phylogenetic, and evolutionary context for understanding the evolutionary history of the gross anatomy of modern humans and our closest relatives. We dissected and took high-quality photographs of various specimens from different species of hylobatids, including infants, juvelines and adults and both males and females (see Methodology and Material below) and for one of these specimens (VU HG2) we were able to record the wet weight of many of the muscles. Where there are differences between the myology (e.g., the presence/absence of a muscle or a muscle bundle, its attachments and/or its innervation) of this specimen and that of the other specimens dissected by us, we provide detailed comparative notes, and use photographs to document the differences. The atlas also includes the results of an extensive review of the literature about the musculature of gibbons and siamangs, a comprehensive review of muscle variants among individual hylobatids, and a list of the synonyms used in the literature to refer to the muscles of these primates. The data previously obtained from our dissections of numerous primates and other mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates (e.g., Diogo 2004a,b, 2007, 2008, 2009; Diogo and Abdala 2007, 2010; Diogo et al. 2008, 2009a,b, 2010; Diogo and Wood 2011a,b) were used to test hypotheses about the homologies among the muscles of hylobatids, great apes and modern humans, and other taxa. We hope this atlas will be of interest to students, teachers and researchers studying primatology, comparative anatomy, functional morphology, zoology, and physical anthropology, as well as to clinicians and researchers who are interested in understanding the origin, evolution, and homology of the musculoskeletal system
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