Photocatalytic Production of Energy-Rich Compounds. Energy from Biomass 2 PDF
Preview Photocatalytic Production of Energy-Rich Compounds. Energy from Biomass 2
PHOTOCATALYTIC PRODUCTION OF ENERGY-RICH COMPOUNDS Third EC Biomass Development Programme Series editor: W.Palz ENERGY FROM BIOMASS 2 Proceedings of Second EC Workshop on Photochemical and Pholobiological Processes for the Production of Energy-Rich Compounds, Seville, Spain, 22–25 September, 1987 PHOTOCATALYTIC PRODUCTION OF ENERGY-RICH COMPOUNDS Edited by G.GRASSI Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium and D.O.HALL Kings College, London, UK ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE LONDON and NEW YORK ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IG11 8JU, England This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Sole Distributor in the USA and Canada ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO., INC. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA WITH 19 TABLES AND 99 ILLUSTRATIONS © 1988 ECSC, EEC, EAEC, BRUSSELS AND LUXEMBOURG British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data E.C. Workshop on Photochemical and Photobiological Processes for the Production of Energy-rich Compounds; 2nd (1987), Seville, Spain. Photocatalytic production of energy-rich compounds. 1. Alternative energy sources. Photochemical conversion I. Title II. Hall, D.O. (David Oakley) III. Grassi, G., 1929— 621.042 ISBN 0-203-21623-7 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-27245-5 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 1-85166-216-2 (Print Edition) Library of Congress CIP data applied for Publication arrangements by Commission of the European Communities, Directorate General Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation, Luxembourg. EUR 11371 LEGAL NOTICE Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Special regulations for readers in the USA This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside the USA, should be referred to the publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Preface This workshop comprises part of the four-year (1985–1988) non-nuclear energy R & D programme for the development of renewable energy sources which is being implemented by the Commission of the European Communities (Directorate-General Science, Research and Development—DG XII). The aim of the workshop was to present work by the contracting laboratories in addition to work by numerous other research laboratories in 11 European countries. Extensive discussions were also held on the present status of this basic, directed research in photochemistry, photoelectrochemistry and photobiology and where the future emphasis may usefully lie. Thus the book presents the proceedings of all the papers presented and summarizes the recommendations made by the participants as to where future research support may be most effectively placed. It was emphasized in these recommendations that the interdisciplinary collaboration between photochemistry and photobiology had been quite successfully achieved in this European programme. There were both high quality basic research and practical benefits accruing from the work—these are elucidated in the report on proposed areas for future research. We hope that this collaborative programme will continue in bringing together photochemists and photobiologists to help to ultimately devise practical systems for solar energy conversion and storage of useful compounds for energy and chemicals. G.GRASSI Commission of the European Communities D.O.HALL King’s College, London 2nd EEC Workshop on Photochemical and Photobiological Processes for Producing Energy Rich Compounds Seville, Spain; September 22nd-25th, 1987 Recommendations from the participants for future research in the R & D programme, DGXII/F-4 The main areas proposed for further research support are: 1. Emphasise work on reaction centres and light-harvesting mechanisms, chemical and biological. Studies of light-activated reactions on surfaces and at interfaces. Synthesis and study of model compounds which mimic photosynthetic reaction centres, light-harvesting complexes and associated enzymes—this may provide very interesting new materials for further development. 2. The research programme should parallel and overlap research in photovoltaics and semiconductors, and thus provide a unique link and basis of information across the fields of photovoltaics, semiconductors and photosynthesis. 3. Research on multi-electron transfer reactions. These are different mechanisms from photovoltaics where single electron transfer reactions occur. 4. Activation and conversion of small molecules; photocatalysis. Production of H from protons, N 2 2 fixation for ammonia production, CO fixation for organics, sulphide (H S and Na S) oxidation, methane 2 2 2 activation for methanol production, etc. 5. Photochemical processes for solving pollution problems. Removal of organic pollutants and inorganic molecules (e.g. NO and NO ) from water. 3 2 6. Genetic manipulation of cyanobacteria. Genetic engineering techniques with these micro-organisms are rapidly advancing and will make the understanding of photosynthetic reaction centre and water-splitting mechanisms easier, especially from the recent work in the USA and in Japan. However, there is no significant European group working in this field—this should be rectified. 7. Photobiotechnology. Photosynthetic micro-organisms specifically designed for the production of compounds such as carotenoids, ammonia, amino-acids, H and possibly ethanol. Cyanobacteria, for 2 example, are versatile micro-organisms whose growth and metabolism can be manipulated to preferentially excrete biochemicals. 8. Prevention of photodestruction. Many industrial products (e.g. paints and plastics) are destroyed by continuous exposure to the sun. Semiconductors and photoelectrodes are corroded in continuous light. Biological materials are also prone to photoinhibition. Understanding the mechanisms of photodecay (corrosion and inhibition) is essential to prevent such wasteful processes in chemical and biological systems. Contents Preface v I. PRESENTATIONS BY EC CONTRACTORS Stabilisation of Si photoanodes by silicon oxynitride coatings: attempted synthesis of 1 binuclear Co complexes for (photo)electrochemical reduction of CO 2 A.Mackor , F.Verbeek , T.P.M.Koster , C.I.M.A.Spee and C.W.de Kreuk Studies on isolated plant pigment-protein complexes 8 G.Porter and L.Giorgi Primary reactions in plant photosynthetic reaction centers 16 Paul Mathis Immobilized photosynthetic systems for the production of ammonia and photocurrents 22 D.O.Hall , K.K.Rao , H.de Jong , M.Gratzel and M.C.W.Evans II. PHOTOCHEMISTRY Towards the design of molecular photochemical devices based on ruthenium bipyridine 33 photosensitizer units Franco Scandola Photoinduced charge-separation in models for photosynthesis 41 J.W.Verhoeven , H.Oevering , M.N.Paddon-Row , J.Kroon and A.G.M.Kunst viii Electron transfer photosensitized by zinc porphyrins in reversed micelles 49 Silvia M.B.Costa Efficient visible light sensitization of TiO by surface complexation with transition metal 57 2 cyanides E.Vrachnou , N.Vlachopoulos and M.Gratzel Photo-induced electron transfer reactions in polymer-bound ruthenium bipyridyl complexes 66 Patricia M.Ennis and John M.Kelly Self organization and photofunctionalization of supramolecular systems: photosensitive 70 polymeric monolayers, multilayers and liposomes L.Häussling , M.Haubs , H.Ringsdorf and J.Schneider Photogeneration of hydrogen: the photochemical way of storing solar energy 80 G.Munuera , A.Fernández and J.P.Espinós Inorganic photosynthesis: the photofixation of the atmospheric dinitrogen on transition metal 86 oxides R.I.Bickley and J.A.Navio-Santos Recent trends in the search for new photosensitizers 94 A.Juris and V.Balzani Reactivity of CO and related heterocumulenes towards transition metal compounds 99 2 E.Carmona , A.Galindo and M.A.Muñoz III. PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY Medium effects upon the stability of n-GaAs-based photoelectrochemical cells 103 S.Lingier , D.Vanmaekelbergh and W.P.Gomes Unpinning of energy bands in photoelectrochemical cells: a consequence of surface chemistry 111 and surface charge D.Meissner and R.Memming ix H O production in a photoelectrochemical cell with TiO electrodes: reaction mechanisms 120 2 2 2 and efficiency D.Tafalla and P.Salvador Adsorption experiments for modelling semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces 126 W.Jaegermann IV. PHOTOBIOLOGY Cytochrome b-559 as a transducer of redox energy into acid-base energy in photosynthesis 135 M.Losada , M.Hervás and J.M.Ortega Variations in the carotenoid complement of the pigment-protein complexes of Rhodospirillum 142 rubrum R.M.Lozano and J.M.Ramírez Towards an analogue of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction centre: synthesis of an oblique bis- 149 porphyrin system containing a 1,10-phenanthroline spacer S.Noblat , C.Dietrich-Buchecker and J.P.Sauvage Location and organisation of the chlorophyll-proteins of photosynthetic reaction centres in 154 higher plants D.J.Simpson , R.Bassi , O.Vallon and G.Høyer-Hansen Phosphorylation processes interacting in vivo in the thylakoid membranes from C.reinhardtii 166 F.-A.Wollman and C.Lemaire Isolation and some properties of photosynthetic membrane vesicles enriched in photosystem I 169 from the cyanobacterium Phormidium laminosum by a non-detergent method J.L.Serra , J.A.G.Ochoa de Alda and M.J.Llama Outdoor culture of selected nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae for the production of high- 178 quality biomass M.G.Guerrero , A.G.Fontes , J.Moreno , J.Rivas,
The list of books you might like
