Photoacoustic Effect Principles and Applications: Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Photoacoustic Effect in Germany PDF
Preview Photoacoustic Effect Principles and Applications: Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Photoacoustic Effect in Germany
E. Liischer/P. Korpiun H. J. Coufai/R. Tilgner (Eds.) Photoacoustic Effect Edgar LUscher I Peter Korpiun Hans-JUrgen Coufal/Rainer Tilgner (Eds.) Photoacoustic Effect Principles and Applications Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Photoacoustic Effect in Germany Held on February 23-26, 1981 in Bad Honnef (FRG) Sponsored by the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk and the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft With 227 Figures Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH CIP-Kurztitelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Photoacoustic effect, principles and applications: proceedings of the 1. Internat. Conference on the Photoacoust. Effect in Germany, held on February 23-26,1981 in Bad Honnef (FRGI/Edgar Liischer ... (eds.). Sponsored by the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk and the Dt. Physikal. Ges. - Braunschweig; Wiesbaden: Vieweg, 1984. ISBN 978-3-528-08573-5 ISBN 978-3-663-06820-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-663-06820-4 NE: Liischer, Edgar [Hrsg.): International Conference on the Photoacoustic Effect (01, 1981, Honnef) 1984 AII rights reserved © Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 1984 Ursprunglich erschienen bei Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig 1984 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, mechanical. photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright holder. Produced by IVD, Industrie-u. VerlagSdruck, Walluf v Prefa~ The interest in the photoacoustic effect as a base of new experimen tal techniques increased appreciately in the last ten years. Originally, the effect was used in the optic spectroscopy to in vestigate very weak optical absorption of gases. Now more and more publications report on applications to an increasing number of fields. This volume presents the contributions to the first international conference on the photoacoustic effect held in Germany. Corresponding to the present situation in photoacoustics, contribu tions on basic principles of the effect still represent the relative majority of the papers. Spectroscopy and detection of minute concen trations as well as monitoring the different partners in chemical reactions have remained up to now the main field of analytical application. There is, however, a growing number of new problems mostly unknown in photoacoustics still at the end of the seventies. Calorimetric applications to phase transitions, energy conversion processes as well as monitoring of photochemical reactions have gained remarkable attention within the photoacoustic community. It should be expected photoacoustics to become still more interdis ciplinary in character. Applications of the photoacoustic effect to fields, at first sight so far distant, as electron paramagnetic re sonance as well as nondestructive testing of materials are hints to this direction. Contributions on instrumentation rounded up the ex change of many field's knowledge. One value of this conference was&to make participants more aware of this evolutionary interaction. It offered the important opportunity to promote the spreading of that powerful technique into a still growing field of·applications. VI Preface The idea to hold such a meeting in Germany for the first time was due to Prof. H. Pelzl. Its realization was greatly supported by financial help of the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk and the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, which is gratefully acknowledged. The Editors VII Contents 1. Basic Principles Photoacoustic Effect in Condensed Matter - Historical Development E. LUscher 1 Opto-Acoustic Spectroscopy - A Tool for the Study of Optical Spectra of very Transparent Materials C.K.N. Patel 21 Thermodynamic r~ode 1s of the Photoacousti c Effect P. Korpiun 40 Frequency Dependent Photoacous tic Spectroscopy of Condensed t•latter J. Pelzl 52 Photoacoustic Spectroscopies D. Fournier and A.C. Boccara so Comparison Between Photoacoustic and Other Spectroscopies R. Til gner 94 Generation of Acoustic Waves in Liquids by Pulsed Lasers H.W. Sigrist lOS Piezoelectric Detection in Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. Theory and Application H.D. Breuer 115 Photothermal Radiometry P.-E. Nordal and S.O. Kanstad 129 VIII Contents 2. Spectroscopic Applications Applications of Resonant Photoacoustic Spectroscopy J. Roper, K. Frank, and P. Hess 139 Photoacoustic Fourier Transform Spectroscopy for the Visible and the Near Infrared D. uebarre, A.C. Boccara and D. Fournier 147 Photoacoustic Spectra of Biliverdin Dimethyl Ester S.E. Braslavsky, R. Ellul, S. Culshaw,I.-M. Tegmo-larsson, and K. Schaffner 154 Quantitative Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Phenolred Potassium Salt in Polyvinalalcohol W. Gortz and H.-H. Perkampus 163 In Situ Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Copper Electrodes in Solution U. Sander, J.K. Dohrmann, and H.-H. Strehblow 172 3. Photoacoustic Detection and Monitoring Optoacoustic Relaxation of Periodically Irradiated Solutions E. Hey and K. Gollnick 179 Photoacoustic Analysis of Chemical Reactions: H-D Exchange in the System H~s-o2s R. Kadibelban and P. Hess 180 PA-I>iethod Monitors Exhaust Gas Concentrations K. Stephan and W. Hurdelbrink 188 Application of PAS on the local and Spectral Identification of Adsorbed ~lolecules S. Schneider, U. l•lHller, and H. Coufal 195 Contents IX 4. Thermal Applications Optical Absorption Coefficient and Thermal Properties of Liquids, Measured by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy P. Poul et, J. Chambron, and R. Unterreiner 203 The Photoacoustic Effect at Phase Transitions P. Korpiun 211 Photocalorimetric Investigations of Energy Conversion Processes Using Photoacoustic Detection D. Cahen, S. Malkin,and H. Garty 242 Relative Efficiency of Flat Plate Solar Collectors by Transmission Photoacoustics; Importance of Plate Vibrations in Signal Generation D. Cahen 271 5. Photochemistry The Photocycles of Bacteriorhodopsin in Buffered Aqueous Suspension Studied at Low Temperatures by !•leans of Photoacoustic Spectroscopy P.S. Bechthold, K.-D. Kohl, and ~1. Sperling 289 Photochemistry of Adsorbed Thioindigo Dyes H.D. Breuer, H. Jacob, and G. DUster 301 Photoisomerisation of DODCI Studied by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy u. S. Schneider, Moller, and H. Coufal 308 ti. Nondestructive Testing Optoacoustic and Photothermal Imaging and Microscopy G. Busse 319 X Contents 7. Magnetic Resonance EPR of CuS c4· 5H20 and Fe (I I I)-TPP Detected by the Photoacousti c Effect U. Netzelmann, E.v. Goldammer, J. Pelzl, and H. Lerchner 333 Acoustic Detection of Magnetic Resonance H. Coufal 340 Applications of the Photoacoustic Effect to Ferromagnetic Resonance and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance H. Vargas 347 8. Instrumentation Instrumentation for Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and Calorimetry of Liquids and Solids P.S. Bechthold 375 Photoacoustic Cell for Low Temperature PAS K. Klein, J. Pelzl, and H. FUtterer 412 Photoacoustic Cells for Measurements at Various Temperatures and - Design and Characterisation - Pres~ures H. Coufal, U. MHller, and S. Schneider 420 Self-Supporting Carbon Glass Films: A PAS Reference Sample H. Coufal 431 A Photoacoustic Demonstration Experiment: Cheap and Easy H. Coufal and Ch. Stein 438 1. Basic Principles PHOTOACOUSTIC EFFECT IN CONDENSED MATTER - HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Edgar LUscher Physik-Department, Technische Universitat MUnchen, D-8046 Garching 1. TO THE HISTORY The concept on which photoacoustic effects and spectroscopy are based was first reported in 1880 by Alexander Graham Bell1• One of the transmitters of Bell's so-called "photophone", which he built together with Sumner Tainter, consisted of a mirror, which was activated by the sound waves of a voice, Fig. 1. A receiver section was made up of a hearing tube. It was mounted in that way that a hard rubber dia phragm was in the focus of a lens, Fig. 2. To.explain the experimental observations Bell suggested that the illuminated front side of the dia phragm is heated and cooled per•iodically more than the rare side. The varying thermal expansion along the diaphragm leads to a periodically varying bending. This explanation was supported by calculations of Lord Rayleigh2• The intensity of a beam of sunlight also was modulated FIGURE 1 Bell's photophonic emmitter. The intensity distribution of a light beam reflected on a mirror forming the diaphragm of a microphone is modulated by voice (mirror: silvered mica or microscope glass). Figure taken from Bell's work1.
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