Photo-Electronic Image Devices, Proceedings of the Second Symposium Held at Imperial College

632 Pages·1962·26.604 MB·English

by  L. Marton (Eds.)

Advances in
Electronics and
Electron Physics
EDITED
BY
L. MARTON
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
Assistant Editor
CLAIRE MARTON
EDITORIABLO ARD
T. E. Allibone W. B. Nottinghatm
H. B. G. Casimir E. R. Piore
L. T. DeVore M. Ponte
W. G. Dow A. Rose
A. 0. C. Nier L. P. Smith
VOLUME XVI
1962
ACADEMIC PRESS New York and London
'
Photo-Electronic
Image Devices
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SFWONI) SYMPOSIUM HELD AT
IMPERIAL COLLE(:E, I,ONI>ON, SEPTEMBER 5-8, 1961
EDITED
BY
J. D. McGEE, W. L. WILCOCK and L. MANDEL
Bepar tment of Physics
I*mperinl Collqe, 7iniversity of Londola
1962
ACADEMIC PRESS New York and London
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
R. AIKENSD, earborn Observatory, Northwestern (Jniversity, Evanston, Illinois,
11.5.,4. (p. 400)
R. W. AIREYI, nstrument Technology Section, Physics Department, Imperial
College, University of London, England (pp. 47, 61)
J. W. F. ALEXANDEERn, glish Electric Valve Co. Ltd., Chelmsford, Essex,
England (p. 247)
F. V. ALLANQ, ueen Mary College, University of London, England (p. 329)
A. E. ANDERSONA,p plied Physics Department, Westinghouse Research
Laboratories, Pittsburgh, Perinsylvan ia, U.S.A. (p. 299)
D. G. ANDERSONB, ritish Scientijc ItLstrument Research Association,
Chislehurst, Kent, England (p. 547)
G. BARTONO, rgan Pass Observatory, Northwestern University, Organ, New
Mexico, U.S.A. (p. 409)
W. A. BAUMM, ount Wilson and Prrloniar Observatories, Pasadena, California,
l7.S A. (pp. 383, 391, 403)
Mllc M. BELLIERO, bservatoire du Pic-du-Midi, par BugnPres-de- Bigorre,
Hauteo PyrP‘ndes, France (p. 371)
R. L. BEURLEE, nglish Electric Valve Po. Ltd., Chelmsford, Essex, England
(p. 333)
D. M. BINNIE,P hysics Department, Itnperiul College, University of London,
England (p. 501)
J. BLAKEE,n glish Electric Valve Co. Ltd.. Chelnwford, Essex, England (p. 213)
C. BOUSSUGEO, bservatoire de Paris. Section d’rlstrophysique, Meudon,
Seine-et-Oise, France (p. 357)
A. BOUWERNS., V. Optische Industrip ‘.lkO ude Delft”, Delft, Holland (p. 85)
R. B. BURTTE, nglish Electric Vcclve Po. Ltd.. Chelmsford, Essex, Englund
(pp. 213, 247)
D. BYATTM, rcrconi’s Wireless Telegraph (’0. Ltd , Chelmsford, Essex, England
(p. 265)
D. 0. CALDWELL,L aboratory for Nucltwr 8cietice and Physics Department,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Carn hridge, Massachusetts, 1J.R.A.
(pp. 469, 475)
C. E. CATCHPOLE, Instrument Technology Section, Physic3 DepurtmetLt,
Imperial College, liniversity of London, EyLglund (p. 567)
Mlle 8. CHARRIER,O hservatoire de Paris, SectioiL d’dstrophysique, Meudon,
Seine-et-OisP, Frunce (p. 5)
G. P. DAVIS,R esearch Laboratories, Electric und Musical Itdustries Ltd.,
Hayes, Middlesex, England (p. 119)
W. DENNISONSa, craniento Peuk Obserzvtory, Air Force Cambridge Research
Laboratories, Sunspot, New Mexico, i7.S.A. (p. 447)
J. H. DEWITT,J R., Arthur J. Dyer Observatory, Vunderbilt University,
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A. (p. 419)
R. F. DOOLITTL1E1 , Space Technology Laboratories, Inc., Los A ngeles,
California, U.S.A. (p. 535)
D. D. DOUGHTWYe, stinghouse Research Luhoratories, Pittsburgh, Pentisylvania,
U.S.A. (p. 235)
\
vi LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
J. DRACASSB, ritish ScieritiJic Instrument Research Association, Chislehurst,
Kent, England (p. 547)
M. DUCHESNOEh, servatoire de Paris, Paris, France (pp. 19, 27)
Mlle M. F. DUPR~O,b servatoire de Paris, Section d’astrophysique, Meudon,
Seine-et-Oise, France (p. 371)
D. L. EMBERSON20, th Century Electronics Ltd., New Addington, Surrey,
England (p. 127)
W. A. FEIBELMANW, estinghouse Research Laboratories, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, U.8.A.( p. 235)
T. P. FLANAQANB, ritish ScientiJic Instrument Research Association,
Chislehurst, Kent, England (p. 547)
E. A. FLINNI, nstrument Technology Section, Physics Department, Imperial
College, University of London, England (p. 155)
J. R. FOLKEYRe, search Laboratory, A.E.I. ( Woolzuich) Ltd., Harlow, Essex,
England (p. 325)
W. K. FORDJ, R.,D epartment of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution
of Washington, Washington, D.C., U.9.A.( p. 403)
P. H. FOREMAQNu, een Mary College, University of London, England (p. 163)
L. W. FREDRICKLo, well Observatory, Flogstaff, Arizona, U.S.A. (p. 403)
B. R. C. GARFIELD,Q ueen Mary College, University of London, England
(p. 329)
G. F. J. GARLICKD, epartment of Physics, University of Hull, ErLglarLd (p. 607)
R. K. H. GEBEL,S olid State Physics Research Branch, Aeronautical Research
Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, U.S.A. (p. 451)
R. GIESE,P hysikalisches Institut der Universitat Bonn, Cerwiwny (p. 113)
0. GILDEMEISTEPRh,y sikalisches Ivistitut der Universitat Bonn , Germany
(P. 113)
G. W. GOETZEW, estinghouse Research Luboratories, Pittsburgh, Pen nsylvanio,
U.S.A.( pp. 145, 157)
S. GOTO,E lectronic Device Research Departunent, Kobe Kogyo Corporation,
Kobe, Japan (p. 621)
(7. D. GRAVES,S pace Technology Lnhorntories, Inc., Los Angeles, California,
U.S.A. (p. 535)
C. A. GREATOREXP,h ysics Departmerit, Institute of Cuncer Research, Royal
Cancer Hospital, Belrnont, Surrey, England (p. 593)
L. F. GUYOTC, ompagnie Frangaise Thoinson Houston, Paris, France (p. 91)
J. S. HALL,L owell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizono, U.S.A. (p. 403)
G. A, HAY, Depurtment of Medical Physics, University of Leeds, Englrrnd
(p. 581)
W. HEIMANNP, hj~sikalischT- rchnische Werkstatten, Wieshaden, (lerman?j
(p. 217)
W. HERSTELT, he Radioloqical Department, Leiden riniversitv Hospital,
Leiden, Hollund (p. 601)
D. A. HILL, Laboratory for Nucleur Science and Physics Depurtment,
Massachusetts Institute of Twhno logy , Camh r idge , Massach uaetts, Z 1. S.A .
(pp. 475, 531)
W. A. HILTNERY, erkes Ohservutory, University of Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
(2). 37)
A. E:IHUSTONA, .W .R .E., Aldervnastori, Rerkshire, England (p. 249)
J. A. HYNEK,D earborn Observatory, Northwestern University, Evanuton,
Illinois, U.S.A. (p. 409)
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS vii
M. R. JANE, Physics Department, Iwiperial College, 1Jniversity of London,
England (p. 501 )
L. W. JONES,P hysics Department, The Llniversity 14 Michigun, U.S.A.
(p. 513)
G. E. KRON,L ick Observatory, University of Culifornia, U.S.A. (pp. 25, 35)
C. KUNZEP, hysikalisch- Technische Werkstatten, Wiesbaden, Germany (p. 217)
A. LALLEMANODb,s ervatoire de Puris, France (p. 1)
B. R. LINDENC, BS Laboratories, Stairtford, Connecticut, U.S.A. (p. 31 1)
W. C. LIVINGSTOKNi,t t Peak National Obsercatory, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.,4.
(p. 431)
J. D. MCGEE,I nstrument Technology Section, Physics Depurtment, Imperial
College, University of London, Eriglund (pp 47, 61)
B. W. MANLEY. Mullard Resmrch Lnhoratories, Redhill. Surrey, England
(p. 287)
S. MIYASHIROC, entral Research Lrcborutory, Tokyo Shihrcura Electric Co. Ltd.,
Knnuguwu, Ken, Japan (pp. 171, 195)
T. NAKAMURAE,l ectronic Device Research Department, Kobe Kogyo
Corporation, Kohe, Japai~(p . 621 )
Y. NAKAYAMCAe,n trul Research Laborutory, Tokyo Shibicura Electric Co. Ltd.,
Kauagawn, Ken, Japan (pp. 171, 195)
H. NASSENSTEIDNe, partment oj Applied Physics, Farbenfahriken Buyer AC,
Leverkusen, Germany (p. 633)
J. A. NEWTHP, hysics Department, Imperial ('allege, llninersity of Londow,
England (p. 501)
W. F. NIKLAS,T he Rauland Corporation, Subsidircry of Zenith Radio
Corporation, Chicago, U.S.,4. (p. 37)
E. H. NoB, British Scienti$c Instrument Research Association, Chislehurst,
Kent, England (p. 547)
M. L. PERLP, hysics Department, The University of Michigan, CJ.S.A.( p. 513)
N. A. PORTERU, niversity Collage, Dublin, Irelund (p. 531)
D. C. POTTERP, hysics Department, Imperial College, 1Jniversity of London,
England (p. 501)
W. POWERS,D earborn Obseruutory, Northwestern 1 'niversity, Ewnston,
Illinois, II.8.A. (p. 409)
G. T. REYNOLDSP, almer Physicnl Luborrctory, Princeton University,
New Jersey, U.S.A. (p. 487)
J. ROSCH,O bservatoire du Pic-du-Midi, par Bagneres-de-B igorre, Hrcutes
PyrPne'es, Fruncc (pp. 357, 371)
T. SASAKIE,l ectronic Device Reseurch Department, Kobe Icogyo Corporutioji.
Kobe. Japan (p. 621)
B. D. SCARLP, almer Physical Luborutory, Princeton I 'niuersity, Princeton,
New Jersey, lJ.S.A. (p. 487)
P. SCHACENM, ullurd Reseccrrh Luhorntorietv, Redhill, Surrey, England
(pp. 75, 105, 287)
R. A. SCHLUTERLa, boratory far Nucletcr Science and Physics Department.
Massnchusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
(P. 475)
R. J. SCHNEEBEROEARpp, lied Physics Department, Westinghouse Research
Laboratories, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. (pp. 235, 299)
G. SKORINKOAp, plied Physics Department, Westinghouse Research Labora-
tories, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvuniu, (J.S.A. (p. 235)
...
vlll LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
N. A. SLARKE, nglish Electric Valve Co. Ltd., Chelmsford, Essex, England
(P. 141)
W. STURMERS,i emens-Reiniger-W erke AQ, Erlangen, Germany (p. 613)
R. A. SWANSOPNa,l mier Physical Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton,
New Jersey, U.S.A. (p. 487)
A. TAYLORW, estinghouse Research Labora,tories, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A. (p. 557)
D. a. TAYLOR,M ullard Research Laboratories, Redhill, Surrey, England
(PP. 75,105)
R. F. THUMWOOQDue,e n Mary College, University of London, England (p. 163)
A. TODKILLI,n strument Technology Section, Physics Department, Imperial
College, University of London, England (p. 127)
M. F. WALKERL, ick Observatory, University of California, U.S.A. (p. 341)
F. WALTERSR, esearch Laboratory, A.E.I. ( Woolwich) Ltd., Harlow, Essex,
England (p. 240)
J. WALTERSP, hysics Department, Imperial College, University of London,
England (p. 501)
J. WARDLEYR, esearch Laboratories, Electric and Mwical Industries Ltd.,
Hayes, Middlesex, England (p. 227)
J. R. WATERSP, almer Physical Laboratory, Princeton University, New Jersey,
U.S.A. (p. 487)
B. E. WHEELERI,n strument Technology Section, Physies Department, Imperial
College, University of London, England (pp. 47, 61)
W. L. WILCOCKIn, strument Technology Section, Physics Department, Imperial
College, University of London, England (pp. 127, 383)
G. WLI~RICOKb, servatoire de Paris, Section d’ilstrophysique, Meudon, Seine-
et-Oise, France (pp. 5, 357, 371)
A. W. WOODHEAD, Mullard Research Laboratoriea, Redhill, Surrey, England
(pp. 75, 105)
A. J. WOOLOAREn, glish Electric Valve Co. Ltd., Chelmsford, Essex, England
(P. 141)
W. M. WREATHALLE, nglish Electric Valve Co. Ltd., Chelmsford, Essex,
England (p. 333)
B. ZACHAROCVE, RN, Geneva, Switzerland (pp. 67, 99)
R. A. ZDANIB, Palmer Physical Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton,
New Jersey, U.S.A. (p. 487)
FOREWORD
When about five years ago I learned first of Professor McGee’s
intention to organize a symposium on Photo-Electronic Image Devices,
I was curious to know how publication of the proceedings of such a
symposium, as a special volume for Advances, would be received by
its readers. The reception was so good that I had not the slightest
hesitation to propose to Professor McGee again publication of the
Proceedings, as soon as I learned from him that he was to organize a
second symposium. Negotiations were very smooth, and the results
are presented here to the scientific public. I hope that it will be received
as well as or even better than its predecessor.
It has been by custom lately to list the items which we hope to treat
in the coming volumes of Advanceu. Listing without authors, however,
led to confusion : a number of people interpreted my listing as a request
for authors, whereas I listed subjects only after preliminary agreements
with prospective authors. I will, therefore, give below both the subject
and author for the expected contributions in the next few volumes of
Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics :
P. A. REDHEADJ., P. HOBSONAN D Ultrahigh Vacuum Techniques
E. V. KORNELSON
K. I,. BOWLES Scattering in the Upper Atmosphere
F. E. ROACH Airglow
J. M. HOUSTOaNn d H. F. WEBSTERT hermionic Energy Conversion
H. P. IVEY Electrolumineseence
E. KAY Impact Evaporation and Thin Film
Growth in a Glow Discharge
W. G. Dow The General Perturbational Theory of
Space-harmonic Traveling-w ave
Electron Interaction
F. E. JAUMJORT. , Th ennoelectricity
M. A. BIONDI Atomic Collisions
J. F. DENISSE Radioavtronomy
A. H. SCHOOLEY Electronics in Oceanography
G. BIRNBAUM Light Optical Masers
K. G. EMELEUS Plasma Oscillations
D. P. KENNEDY Semiconductor Component Evulation
F. K. BUELOW Semiconducting Circuity
G. MOLLENSTEDAT ND F. LENZ Electron Emission Microscopy
J. L. JACKSANOD NR. A . PICCIRELLCI ooperative Phenomena
L. A. RUSSELL High Speed Magnetic Core Memory
Technology
ix
X FOREWORD
G. K. WEHNER Cathode Sputtering
J. KISTEMAKEANRD C. SNOEK Atoms and Metastable Ions Produced
in Sputtering Experiments
M. SEATON Electron Atom Collisions (Low Energy)
It remains for me to thank Professor J. D. McGee for his excellent
organization, also his two co-editors, W. L. Wilcock and L. Mandel,
and to thank all the authors for their cordial cooperation.
L. MARTON
Washington, D.C.
July 1962
PREFACE
In September 1958 a Symposium on I'hoto-Electronic Image Devices
as Aids t'o Scientific Observation. which we believe was the first devoted
exclusively to this form of instrumentation, was held in London at the
Imperial College of Science and Technology, and tlhe Proceedings were
subsequently published as Volume XI1 of Advances in Electronics and
Electron, Physics. The success of that meeting, and our awareness of
increasing interest in the subject. encouraged us to hold a second
symposium witlh the same title at, t,he Imperial College in September
1961, and the papers presented are collected in the present book. It is
nearly twice the length of the Proceedings of the 1958 meeting, and
includes a greater variety of devices and applications, which reflect
the growth of activity in the field and confirm our judgement that the
interval of three years between the meetings was not too short to show
significant developments.
We are sorry that we did not succeed in attempts to arrange for
Soviet scientists, who have niade such notable contributions in the
field, to take part in the Symposium; but otherwise we believe it was
broadly representative of research workers throughout the world, and
we are grateful to all those who came to London to make it so. We
are also particularly grateful to the authors of papers for the co-opera-
tion they have given us.
It is a pleasure to record our thanks to our secretary, Miss N. C.
Little, for her help. both in the organization of the Symposiuni itself,
and subsequently while we have been preparing these Proceedings for
publication.
J. I). MCGEE
W. I,. WILCOCK
rA.
MANDEL