Phospholipid Research and the Nervous System: Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology

302 Pages·1986·9.26 MB·English

by  Lloyd A. Horrocks, J. N. Hawthorne, F. A. Millar (auth.), Louis Freysz, Gino Toffano (eds.)

PHOSPHOLIPID RESEARCH
AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY
PHOSPHOLIPID RESEARCH
AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY
Edited by
Lloyd A. Horrocks
Department of Physiological Chemistry
College of Medicine
The Ohio State University
FIDIA Columbus, Ohio
RESEARCH
SERIES
Volume 4 Louis Freysz
Centre de Neurochimie du CNRS
Strasbourg, France
Gino Toffano
Fidia Research Laboratories
Abano Terme, Italy
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
FIDIA RESEARCH SERIES
An open-end series of publications on international biomedical research, with special
emphasis on the neurosciences.
The series will be devoted to advances in basic and clinical research in the neuro-
sciences and other fields.
The aim of the series is the rapid and worldwide dissemination of up-to-date, in-
terdisciplinary data as presented at selected international scientific meetings and study
groups.
Each volume is published under the editorial responsibility of scientists chosen by
organizing committees of the meetings on the basis of their active involvement in the
research of the field concerned.
© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1986
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright.
No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN 978-1-4899-0492-8 ISBN 978-1-4899-0490-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-0490-4
Materials in this volume prepared by scientists as part of their duties as em-
ployees of the Government of the U.S.A. are not covered by the above-mentioned
copyright.
PREFACE
The purpose of this book is to describe the latest findings relating to biochemical
and molecular pharmacology of the nervous system and phospholipids and to report
the proceedings of the fourth symposium on phospholipids. These Symposia have been
satellite meetings of the International Society for Neurochemistry. This meeting was
held on May 26-29, 1985 in the Teatro Bibiena in Mantova, Italy. Preceding meetings
were held in Cortona, Italy in 1975, in Birmingham, England in 1981, and in British
Columbia, Canada in 1983. As was the case for the proceedings of those meetings, this
volume presents information that is new and important from the researchers most in-
volved in advancing our knowledge of the function of membranes and of lipid metabo-
lism in the nervous system.
The presence of phosphorus in the brain was reported in 1719 by Hensing at the
University of Giessen in Germany. Tower! has translated this pioneering work. The
rather long, philosophical preface contains the following paragraph.
Regardless of what may be thought of this matter, the brain is certainly that part of the
animate body in which that subtlest and most penetrating [substance] alone is received, so often
circulated from the heart and cleansed by the remaining viscera, and firmly held where thereaf-
ter life flourishes and the motions of the lower parts endure. Indeed the brain is truly the Throne
of the soul and the abode of wisdom, from whose nature the former is the recipient of the virtues
of health, and the latter of brilliance. Whence Hippocrates asserts the brain: "to be the mediator
and interpreter of understanding and knowledge." And it is no less true, whence our Excellent
Dieterich analogizes, as he says: "among the virtues of the soul, the comparison, where that
is reasonable, is like a priest, living in the head as if it were a chapel, whose altar is the brain,
on which functions like cognition and reasoning are accomplished. The brain is the capital of
thought, the workshop of judgment, the repository of memory, the source of all senses, the offi-
ce and universe of the animal spirits, etc."
This passage recognizes the importance of the brain and anticipates the effects of
hormones (endogenous drugs) on the brain.
Research has advanced far since then, as can be derived from this volume.
The Editors
I Tower, D.B. 1983 Rensing, 1719. An Account of the First Chemical Examination of the Brain and
the Discovery of Phosphorus Therein. Raven Press, New York.
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
N.G. Bazan (New Orleans, LA, U.S.A.)
A. Bruni (Padova, Italy)
L. Freysz (Strasbourg, France)
L.A. Horrocks (Columbus, OH, U.S.A.)
G. Toffano (Abano Terme, Italy)
LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
L. Binaglia
G. Calderini
L. Freysz
A. Gaiti
G. Goracci
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The organizers of the satellite meeting on Phospholipids Research in the
Nervous System of the 10th congress of the International Society for
Neurochemistry would like to thank FIDIA research Laboratories and their staff
for their support to the meeting and this publication. The Editors wish to express
their gratitude to Mrs Lisa Dainese for her editorial assistance.
CONTENTS
Preface V
G.B. Ansell, In memory of Giuseppe Porcellati . XI
J.N. Hawthorne, F.A. Millar, A.M.F. Swilem, H. Yagisawa, Polyphospho-
inositide breakdown without calcium mobilization: studies with adrenal
chromaffin cells and retina . 1
R.H. Michell, E.A. Bone, Inositol lipid metabolism in receptor-stimulated and
depolarized sympathetic ganglia and adrenal glands 9
L.M. Vicentini, A. Ambrosini, F. Di Virgilio, T. Pozzan, J. Meldolesi, Se-
cond messenger generation and secretion in PC12 cells. Role of Ca+ + and
phosphoinositide hydrolysis . 19
W.H. Gipsen, P.N.E. de Graan, L.H. Schrama, J. Eichberg, Phosphoprotein
B-50 and polyphosphoinositide-dependent signal transduction in brain 31
Y. Nishizuka, U. Kikkawa, A. Kishimoto, H. Nakanishi, K. Nishiyama, Pos-
sible roles of inositol phospholipids in cell surface signal transduction in
neuronal tissues 43
J.J. De George, P. Morell, E.G. Lapetina, Possible glial modulation ofneu-
ronal activity by eicosanoids and phosphoinositide metabolites 49
E.B. Rodriguez de Turco, Drugs affecting membrane lipid catabolism: the brain
free fatty acid effect 57
H.E.P. Bazan, B. Ridenour, D.L. Birkle, N.G. Bazan, Unique metabolicfea-
tures of decosahexaenoate metabolism related to functional roles in brain
and retina 67
A.A. Abdel-Latif, S. Naderi, S.Y.K. Yousufzai, Pharmacological agents and
the release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin biosynthesis by rabbit iris
m~. ~
VIII
G. Hauser, O. Koul, U. Leli, Phospholipid metabolism in nervous tissues: mo-
dification ofp recursor incorporation and enzyme activities by cationic am-
phiphilic drugs 93
D.C. Klein, D. Sugden, J. Vanecek, T.P. Thomas, W.B. Anderson,
Phospholipid-protein kinase C involvement in the adrenergic regulation of
pinealocyte cyclic AMP: a model of how modulators act? 113
F.T. Crews, C. Theiss, R. Raulli, R.A. Gonzales, The effects of ethanol on
receptor activated phospholipid cascades 121
G.Y. Sun, H-M. Huang, A.Y. Sun, Effects of ethanol on brain phospholipids 133
C. Alling, L. Gustavsson, Effects of ethanol on concentration and acyl group
composition of acidic phospholipids 147
R.F. Irvine, A.J. Letcher, D.J. Lander, R.M.C. Dawson, The control andfunc-
tion of inositide-metabolizing enzymes 161
N.G. Bazan, D.L. Birkle, T.S. Reddy, R.E. Vadnal, Diacylglycerols and ara-
chidonic acid in the molecular pathogenesis of brain injury 169
A.A. Farooqui, W.A. Taylor, L.A. Horrocks, Membrane bound diacylglyce-
rollipases in bovine brain: purification and characterization. 181
F. Hirata, T. Hattori, Y. Notsu, B. Hamprecht, Roles of lipases in the deve-
lopment of autonomic neurons 191
Y. Pacheco, P. Fonlupt, A.F. Prigent, N. Biot, M. Perrin-Fayolle, H. Pache-
co, Phospholipids and membrane phenomena involved in the release of me-
diators of anaphylaxis . 199
A.J. Verkleij, Role of lipids during fusion of model and biological membranes 207
A. Bruni, L. Mietto, A. Battistella, E. Boarato, P. Palatini, G. Toffano, Seri-
ne phospholipids in cell communication. 217
A. Gaiti, C. Gatti, M. Puliti, M. Brunetti, Phospholipid metabolism in aging
brain 225
G. Calderini, F. Bellini, A.C. Bonetti, E. Galbiati, R. Rubini, A. Zanotti, G.
Toffano, Pharmacological properties of phosphatidylserine in the aging
brain: biochemical aspects and therapeutic potential 233
J. Rotrosen, D.J. Segarnick, A. Wolkin, Essential fatty acids and phospholi-
pids as drugs in treatment of alcoholism. 243
M. Alberghina, Axonally trasported phospholipids and neurite regrowth 251
G. Pepeu, L. Giovannelli, M.G. Giovannini, F. Pedata, Effect of phosphati-
dylserine on cortical acetylcholine release and calcium uptake in adult and
aging rats 265
R. Massarelli, R. Mozzi, F. Golly, H. Hattori, F. Dainous, J.N. Kanfer, L.
Freysz, Synthesis de novo of choline, production of choline from phospho-
lipids. and effects of CDP-choline on nerve cell survival 273
IX
J.K. Blusztajn, P.G.Holbrook, M. Lakher, M. Liscovitch, J-C. Maire, C. Mau-
ron, U.I. Richardson, M. Tacconi, R.J. Wurtman, Relationships between
acetylcholine release and membrane phosphatidylcholine turnover in brain
and in cultured cholinergic neurons 283
Subject index 291
ABBREVIATIONS
Unless otherwise indicated, the following abbreviations are used throughout the book
AA, arachidonic acid
ACh, acetylcholine
DAG,DG, diacylglycerol
GroPCho, GPC, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
InsP,IP, inositol monophosphate
InsP2, IP2, inositol bisphosphate
InsP3, IP3, inositol trisphosphate
LysoPtdCho, LPC, LysoPC, lisophosphatidylcholine
LysoPtdEtn, LPE, LysoPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine
PtdCho, PC, phosphatidylcholine
PtdEtn, PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
PtdGro, PG, phosphatidylglycerol
PtdH, PA, phosphatidic acid
PtdIns, PI, phosphatidylinositol
Ptd Ins4P, PIP, DPI, phosphatidylinositol
PtdIns(4,5)P2,PIP2, TPI, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
PtdMeEtn, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine
PtdMe2Etn, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine
PtdSer, PS, phosphatidylserine