Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter

495 Pages·1980·13.414 MB·English

by  J. L. Black (auth.), Humphrey J. Maris (eds.)

Ifunon Scattering
In
Condensed Matter
Phonon Scattering
In
Condensed Matter
Edited by
Humphrey J. Maris
Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island
PLENUM PRESS· NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter, 3d, Brown
University, 1979.
Phonon scattering in condensed matter.
Includes indexes.
1. Phonons-Scattering-Congresses. 2. Solid state physics-Congresses. 3. Amor
phous substances-Congresses. 4. Semiconductors-Congresses. I. Maris, Humphrey J.
II. Title.
QCI76.8.P5I57 1979 539.7'217 80-401
ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3065-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3063-9
001: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3063-9
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Phonon Scattering in
Condensed Matter, held at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,
August 28-31,1979.
©1980 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 1980
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N. Y. 10011
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
I N T ERN A T ION A LAD V ISO R Y COM MIT TEE
A. C. Anderson (University of Illinois)
W. E. Bron (University of Indiana)
L. J. Challis (University of Nottingham)
E. R. Dobbs (London University)
W. Eisenmenger (Stuttgart University)
T. Ishiguro (Electrotechnical Laboratory, Japan)
J. Joffrin (Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble)
I. M. Khalatnikov (Institute for Theoretical Physics, Moscow)
H. Kinder (Technical University, Munich)
P. G. Klemens (University of Connecticut)
R. L. Melcher (IBM, New York)
V. Narayanamurti (Bell Laboratories, New Jersey)
K. Weiss (Philips Laboratories, Eindhoven)
LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
H. J. Maris (Brown University) Chairman
C. Elbaum (Brown University)
J. D. N. Cheeke (University of Sherbrooke)
v
Preface
The Third International Conference on Phonon Scattering in
Condensed Matter was held at Brown University, Providence, Rhode
Island from August 28-31, 1979. The previous conferences in this
series were held at Nottingham in 1975, and in France at Paris and
Ste Maxime in 1972.
Until about 15 years ago phonon scattering was studied almost
exclusively by measurements of thermal conductivity. This approach
has the severe limitation that the result obtained for the phonon
scattering rate is actually the average of the scattering for all
of the phonons in the sample. Thus, no distinction can be made
between phonons of different polarization, direction of propagation,
or energy. During the 1960's several significant developments
occurred. The most important of these was the application by Von
Gutfeld and Nethercot of the "heat-pulse" method, previously used
only in liquid helium, to the investigation of phonons in crystals.
This approach makes possible the study of the propagation and scat
tering of phonons of known polarization and propagation direction.
The early heat-pulse experiments used phonon generators which pro
duced phonons having a broad distribution of energies and, in addi
tion, the phonon detectors were sensitive to phonons of all energies.
Since that time much research has been carried out to devise "mono
chromatic" phonon generators and detectors, and several.successful
techniques have been developed. These techniques include the use
of superconducting tunnel junctions, spin-phonon spectrometers, and
the direct generation of phonons by infra-red lasers. This combin
ation of the original heat-pulse technique with the new methods of
detection and generation has made the study of phonon scattering a
very active area of research in the last few years, and it was the
purpose of the conference to bring together specialists in this
field. Areas of particular emphasis at the conference were the
study of phonon scattering in amorphous materials, phonon trans
mission across interfaces (the Kapitza resistance problem), phonon
scattering by free and bound electrons in semiconductors, and phonon
propagation in elastically anisotropic materials (phonon focusing).
vii
viii PREFACE
The conference was attended by 145 delegates from 18 countries.
Ten invited papers and 95 contributed papers were read. In addition
to the formal presentation of papers the scientific program included
discussion sessions on the Kapitza resistance and on amorphous
materials. These were chaired by K. Weiss and S. Hunklinger respec
tively. The social program included a traditional New England
clambake held at the Haffenreffer Estate on Narragansett Bay.
These proceedings include all papers presented at the confer
ence. Questions and comments made after each paper were tape record
ed, and an edited version of these is included in these proceedings.
Only those questions or comments that were judged to add signifi
cantly to the usefulness of this volume have been retained.
The conference was supported by a grant from the National
Science Foundation. Additional financial support was provided by
the Materials Research Laboratory at Brown University (also sup
ported by the National Science Foundation), and by the Valpey
Fisher and Matec Corporations. The conference was sponsored by the
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. I should also like
to thank the international advisory committee for their helpful
suggestions regarding invited speakers, and C. Elbaum and J.D.N.
Cheeke for their valiant labors as members of the local committee.
Special thanks go to E. Zigas, C. Huber, J. J. McLaughry, R. Zeller,
R. Mayer, F. Bucholtz, and A. Beierle for their various contribu
tions to the success of the conference.
Humphrey J. Haris
Contents
AMORPHOUS MATERIALS
Session Chairmen: P. G. Klemens, J. K. Wigmore, and J. D. N. Cheeke
Phonon Scattering in Metallic Glasses (invited paper) .. .... 1
J. L. Black
Echo Phenomena in Disordered Solids (invited panp --: •• 11
B. Golding and J. E. Graebner
Further Study of the "Glassy" Low Temperature
Properties of Irradiated Crystalline Quartz .. 21
C. Laermans and B. Daudin
Effect of Thermal Treatments on the Low Temperature
Specific Heat of Vitreous Silica 25
J. C. Lasjaunias, G. Penn, and M. Vandorpe
Electrical Polarizability of Phonon Scattering
States in Glasses ............ .. 29
A. K. Raychaudhuri
Heat Pulse Experiments at Very Low Temperatures
in Vitreous Silica ............. . 33
J. E. Lewis and J. C. Lasjaunias
Inelastic Phonon Scattering in Glass .................. 37
W. Dietsche and H. Kinder
Phonon Density of States and Specific Heat of Amorphous
and Crystalline Selenium ............... . 41
R. Calemczuk and R. Lagnier
ix
x CONTENTS
Phonon Scattering in Glasses and Highly
Disordered Crystals ....... . 45
A. K. Raychaudhuri, J. M. Peech, and R. O. Pohl
Dispersion and the Thermal Conductivity of Si02 49
D. P. Jones, J. J~ckle, and W. A. Phillips
Ultrasonic Measurements on Aluminosilicate
and Borate Glasses ..•.••.• 53
M. J. Lin and R. L. Thomas
Ultrasonic Measurements in Na~Alumina at
Low Temperatures .. .. .. .. .• .. 57
P. Doussineau, R. G. Leisure, A. Levelut, and J.-Y. Prieur
High Resolution Studies of Brillouin Scattering
in Amorphous Materials .. •. .. .• .. .. .. .. .. 61
R. Vacher, H. Sussner, M. Schmidt, and S. Hunklinger
Saturation of the Acoustic Attenuation and
Relaxation of the Two-Level Systems
by the Electrons in Amorphous NiP 65
P. Doussineau and A. Robin
Ultrasonic Studies of Metallic Glasses ..... . 69
H. Araki, G. Park, A. Hikata, and C. Elbaum
Ultrasonic Absorption in the Superconducting
Amorphous Metal PdZr.. ....... . 73
G. Weiss, W. Arnold, and H. J. Glintherodt
Spectral Diffusion and Ultrasonic Atten~ation
in Amorphous Materials .. 77
W. Arnold, J.L. Black, and G. Weiss
SPIN-PHONON INTERACTIONS
Session Chairmen~ W. E. Bron and A. M. de Goer
Stress Effects in the Scattering of Thermal
Phonons by Jahn-Teller Impurities in MgO .. 81
J. K. Wigmore, J. L. Patel, X. H. Mkhwanazi, and J. R. Fletcher
3+
Phonon Spectroscopy of Mn in MgO.. .. .. .. 85
F. Hasan, P. J. King, D. J. Monk, D. T. Murphy, V. W. Rampton,
and P. C. Wiscombe
CONTENTS xi
Acoustic Paramagnetic Resonance of
Cr2+ in CaO " " .. .. " .. " .. 89
V. W. Rampton, P. C. Wiscombe, and J. R. Fletcher
Low Temperature Thermal Conductivity of
TmV04 and TmAsO~ Crystals 93
B. Daudin, A. M. de Goer, and S. H. Smith
Acoustic Faraday and Cotton-Mouton Effects
in Paramagnetic Crystals .. 97
J. W. Tucker
Acoustic Relaxation Loss Due to Ni3+ Ions
in A1203 .. .. .. .. ....... . 101
P. J. King and D. J. Monk
Phonon Spectroscopy of Ion Pairs in A1203 .. " " •. .... 105
F. Hasan, P. J. King, D. T. Murphy, and V. W. Rampton
Observation of Hyperfine Splitting of the
Levels of V3+ Ions and Pairs by Phonon Spectroscopy .. 109
L. J. Challis, A. A. Ghazi, D. J. Jeffries, and M. N. Wybourne
The Observation of Anomalous Ion Sites in A1203 by
Phonon Frequency Crossing Spectroscopy ... , ..... , 113
A. A. Ghazi, L. J. Challis, D. L. Williams, and J. R. Fletcher
Harmonic Phonon Absorption in a Coupled
Spin-Phonon System .. ....... . 117
F. W. Sheard
Phonon Scattering by Chromium Ions in GaAs 121
L. J. Challis and A. Ramdane
PHONON-PHONON INTERACTIONS
Session Chairman: P. J. King
Two-Fluid Equations for Phonons with and
wi thout Momentum .. .. ., .. •. .. .. .. .. .. 125
A. Thellung
Two-Fluid Theory of Phonon Scattering in
Dielectric Crystals ..... . .............. 129
B. H. Armstrong
CONTENTS
Analysis of the Macroscopic Equations
for Second Sound in Solids •• 133
W. C. Overton, Jr.
High Temperature Crystals: Limitations
on the Phonon Description 137
R. A. MacDonald and R. D. Mountain
Phonon Resonant Absorption Probed by
Acousto-Optic Interaction in
Some Ionic Molecular Crystals 141
F. Michard and B. Perrin
Decay of Optical into Acoustical Phonons •.••••..•.••.• 145
D. Huet and J. P. Maneval
Acoustic-Optical Phonon Interactions in Solids •.•.••.•.. 149
G. P. Srivastava
HELIUM
Session Chairman: Y. Narahara
3
Effects of He Impurities on the Acoustic
Properties of hcp 4He .•.•.•.•.• 153
I. Iwasa and H. Suzuki
Phonon-Quasiparticle Coupling in Dilute
He3_He4 Mixtures .••••• 157
F. Guillon and J. P. Harrison
Velocity of Roton Second Sound 161
R. W. Cline and H. J. Maris
Interface Effects and the Propagation of Well
Developed Second Sound Pulse Trains
in Thin Slabs of Solid 4He .••••••• 165
G. P. Dance and S. J. Rogers
Measurements of the Specific Heat of Liquid
and Solid 4He in a Confined Geometry
at Low Temperatures •••••••••• .• 169
B. Hebral, G. Frossati, H. Godfrin, D. Thoulouze, and
A. S. Greenberg