Phonology & Grammar of Modern West Frisian: With Phonetic Texts and Glossary

192 Pages·1913·121.915 MB·English

by  P. Sipma

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PUBLICATIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL
SOCIETY
II
PHONOLOGY GRAMMAR
&
OF
MODERN WEST FRISIAN
WITH PHONETIC TEXTS AND GLOSSARY
BY
SIPMA
P.
//
TEACHER AT THE GYMNASIUM AND THE SECONDARY SCHOOL AT
SNEEK, FRIE8LAND
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON Amen Corner EC •EDINBURGH •NEW YORK
TORONTO . MELBOURNE •BOMBAY
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YORK
TORONTO MELBOURNE BOMBAY
HUMPHREY MILFORD M.A.
PUBLISHERTOTHEUNIVERSITY
PREFACE
On the publication of this book, it is a pleasant duty for me to
express my sincere thanks, in the first place to the Philological
Society for having considered it worthy of inclusion among its
issues, and in the second place to the authorities of the Clarendon
Press for the excellent manner in which it has been printed.
But most of all I feel indebted to Dr. W. A. Craigie, President
ofthe Philological Society, whose advice and assistance have made
the publication of this work possible. He has revised the English
of my manuscript, and has translated into English such Frisian
words as are explained in the Phonology and Grammar. And
lastly he has kindly lent a helping hand in the correction of the
proof-sheets.
May his example be followed by many in showing an interest
in the study of my native language, which has been overlooked
and neglected for too long a time.
P. SIPMA.
Sneek, Friesland,
April, 1913.
848004

CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction
1
PART I. PHONOLOGY
Table ofFrisian Speech-sounds .
Vowels :
General Remarks . 9
Vowels in detail . 9
Diphthongs and Triphthongs :
General Remarks . 11
Diphthongs in detail . 11
Triphthongs in detail . 13
Consonants :
General Remarks . 14
Consonants in detail . 15
Semi-vowels 17
Inverse Sounds
18
Stress 19
Stress Changes in.Diph.tho.ngs..(Breaking) 21
Assimilation ....
Complete assimilation . 22
Voicing 25
Unvoicing .... 25
Change of Articulation 26
Modification ofArticulation 27
Nasalization 28
Reduction :
Reduction of Vowels . 29
Reduction ofDiphthongs 31
Reduction of Consonants 32
Reduction in half-stressed and unstressed syllables 33
Reduction to Syllabic Consonants 35
Frisian Dialects 37
VI CONTENTS
.... II, Spelling
Notation of Speech Sounds :
Vowels
Diphthongs .
Triphthongs .
Consonants .
Values ofWritten Letters .
PART II. GRAMMAR
...III.. Etymology
I. The Declinable Parts of Speech
1. Noun ....
A. Strong Genitive (in -s, -es) of Class Nouns
B. Strong Genitive (in -s -es) ofProper Nouns
2. Article
3. Adjective
Inflexion.of.Adje.ctive.s .
Comparis.on .ofA.djec.tives
4. Numerals
5. Pronouns ....
6. Verbs
II. The Indeclinable Parts of Speech
1. Adverbs
2. Prepositions
3. Conjunctions .
III. Composition and Derivation
IV. Syntax
....
1. The Word-group
2. The Sentence
3. The Sentence-group
Means ofexpressing the Different Relations
Concord . . ,
Modality . . . .
Order of Words