Philosophy in the URSS. Problems of Dialectical Materialism PDF
Preview Philosophy in the URSS. Problems of Dialectical Materialism
Philosophy in the USSR Problems ofD ialeclt ica Materialism PROGRESS PUBLISHERS MOSCOW Translfartoemd the bRyu RsosbieDartan g lish Designbeyd V adimK uleshov <llHJIOC�IDI B CCCP Haa HZAUUCKOM Jl3b1Ke Firpsrti nt1i79n7g © l':l3,11aTeJ1bCT«BIlOp orpecc1»79 7 © TranslatiinotEnon gils.hPr ogress Publi1s79h7e rs Printeidnt he UniSoonv iSeootfc iaRleipsutb lics 10502-491 <I> 68-77 014(01)-77 CONTENTS Page Foreword 5 ParOtn e GENEARLM ETHODOLOGICAPLR OBLEMS ScientCiofginci tTioodna,I y tSspe ciFfeiact uarnedPs r obmlseB.y .P .N .F edo- seyev 7 The Probloefmt heS citeinfPihci losoWpohrilcda-loO ou.ktB yl T.I .O izer- man n ParTtw o DIALECTIOCFSB ENIG ANDC ONSCOIUSNESS TheD ialectaitcearliC-aoMlnicsetp otfiM oatnt .eB ry ST..M e lukhin 43 The Conceopftt h Ied e.aB ylE .V .I lyenkov 71 TheD ialeocftS iucb jeacntdO bjeacntd S omeP robloefmt sh eM ethdoology ofS ciceenB.y VA.. L ektorsky 100 A Contribtuott ihQoeun e stoifot nh Cea tegoorfiM east eriDailailscetsc B.ty i A. SPh.e ptulin 131 DialecCtoinctarla diacntdIi toSsno lut.Ci oonncernitnhgeC entrParolb lem ofD ialecLtoigc.iBal cy A .S .B ogomolo..v.. ........................................ 143 3 PartT hree PROBLEMSO FT HE THEORYO FK NOWLEDGE SociParla ctaincdSe c niteiKfniocw lgeeBd.y D .P .G orsk.y...............1.75. .......... ActivaintCdy o nsciou.Bs ynA e.Ns .sL eontyev 108 The ProbloefTm r uithnt hPeh ilosoofMp ahryxs imB.y G .A .K ursanov 203 Some ProobfDl ieamsl elcL toigc.iBa cyZ .M .O rudzhev 235 Ideolaosag P yh enomeonfSo onc ilCa onsciou.Bs yn Ve.Zs .sK eel.l.......2.58. ....... FOREWORD Writtbeyna teaomf p rominet nSoivepth iloso,pt hheibrsos ok relfectthsec ontribumtaidoebn y S ovitehto ugthott h e lustoioofn botht arditiopnhaill oiscoapplhr obmlse andt hosteh atf ace philsoophtyo dya.N oto nlwyi ltlhr ee adoebrt amiunc ahc curaantde obejctiivnef ormaatbioount pthhiselo ophiccoanlc see pvtolvbeyd Mar,xE neglasn dL eniann dt heciorn temaproycr reatdievvee lop men;th ew ilall sboe a blteo s eef orh imsehlofww rogn aret he assteirotnhsa atg ape xisbtest wetehne iidre baass eodnd iaclteical matelriisaamn d tphroeb lmeso fc onteomrparpyh isloop.h y Itw oulbde h artdo o veerstaitmet her elevaonftc heei deaofs MarxiLsenti-npihsitl ostootp hhseyo ultioofnt hpero blmesa irsgia nt thper estes ntagew oirnld dev elopm.Te hnete normoaudsv anicne s man'sk nowlgeeod ft hem aterwioarll d cotnhfei rfma ctth etshea t ideaasr es citeinficfaoludlney.d H encteh eg rowiinngt setrt ehat Westesrcni tesintasn dt echnolohgaivsaetc qsu iirnem da tearliist dialesc,at nii cnterestt hweph reiscethn volumsee ekisns ome measeut ros ati.s fy Theb ooki sd ividiendt toh ere parst.T he fir,s "tGeneral MethodolPorgoibcmlasel,"c onitnatsw oa rticsl,oen eb yM embeorf thUeS SRA cdaemyo fS cienPc.e sFN e.d osve aynedt hoet hbeyr T.I .O izer,m acnaor rsepoinndgm embeorf t heU SSRA cdaemy ofS ciceen.s Fedosey'esav rtigcilvee as g enerpailc tuorfep hiolpohsilc a reserachi nt heU SSRt odaayn do utnleisi tfsurt hedre evlopmte.n Oizermparonv idae sh istoprhiicslooo-phiicnatlr odutcot iotnh e probmlseo f dcitailcmeaalt elriis.am The seconpda r,t "Diatlisec cofB eign andC oncsiouss"sn,e compisrefsi vcehp atewrrsi tbtyeDn o ctoorfPs h lisoophliS cciaences S.T .M elukh,Ei .n IVl.y en,k oVAv .L ektrosk,Ay .P .S heptulin andA .S .B ogomoolvM.e ulkhidni usscstehsse u btsantcioanlc eopft 5 mattienri thsi tsorihciol-pophsiocaasple c.St hpetulainnla ystehse probmlse oft hec ateegosor fim atieartl idsiacltesi candt heir intercoonnsn.eQ cuteistiroenlsa ttoet dh ed iacltesio cft hes ujbcet ando bjeicnst c niteifciocgt niioanr ec osnidebryeL de krtosk.Ty he currepnrto bmlseo fd ilaectliocgaailrc de i csussientd h ceh patebry Bogomoov,l who showtsh adti alecltoigciaicls a n efefctive measno fs cientainfdpi hci sloophiccoganlio tn.iT hep roblme ofs ocial cosncisoneussi sc osnidereDdo cbtyoo rf P hiloscoalpS hciiences E.V .I lykeon.vO nt hbea soifsa c areflau nlaysoifws o rkbsyM arx andE ngehlese lucidtahtceeo nsc epotft hied efarlmo thset andpoint ofd ilaectlmi actaersim.a li The thiradnd fpianr,at" lP orblemosft heT heoyr oKfn owl edg,ea "lscoo nsiosfft isvc eh aprts.Me embeorf t hUeS SRA cdaemy ofP edagogSicciaeln cAe.sN . Leontyuesve tsh er esultofs present-draesyea rcohn t hbeo rderplrionbmels eo fp hilosaonpdh y psyclhoogyd itsoc tuhsaesc tinvaet uorfhe u macno ncsiuosness,an d anlayesst her elaotnishbiept weseonc icaonlsc iouessnsa ndt he speciffeiact uorfet sh ei ndiidvumaeln tali.tD yocrto ofP hisloophi calS cienGc.eA s.K ursa'nsaotr vicilsde e vtoetdo a ne xamitniaoonf thpero bleomft ruatshc onceivienMd a rxipshti los.oD pohcytor of PhilsoopchaiSlc ienDc.e sGP o.r siknyh iasn alsyiosft hpea rptl ayed bys ociparlat cicien f ormisncgni teifciocn cesptigsnls e outt wo facttohrasdt e termtihndeee velotpo mfes ncniteifkinco wlgee:d( 1) thnee esdo fs ociparla ctaincd(e 2t )h ien terlnoagolif cs cieintcse.e lf Inh isa rtli,ecD octoorfP hilsoophiSccaile nZc.eM s. O rudzhev touhcesu pons omep rolbemosf d ilaectilcoag.liT chec onclduing chaptieswr ri ttbeynD octoofrP hisloopchaiSlc ienVc.eZ s.K elle, whoe xamiindeeslo ogays a phneomenoofns oicaclo ncsoiusens.s Part One GENERAL METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS P.N .F EDOSEYEV SCIENTIFIC COGNITIONT ODAY,I TSS PECIFIC FEATURESA ND PROBLEMS Thec ontemaproydr evleopmte onft hef undamteanll ineofs researicnth h nea turasl oacalins dc ienfcoerssmt hteh eeotribcaals is oft hsec eintiafnidtc e chngoilcroaelv oilouantn dt hseo icaclh agnes thagtow itihtT .h irse vloutiwohni chha esm egreda so ne tohfme o st imptoarnptr oecsseosft hep rseenatge ,o ffresm ankiunndp rece dentoepdp tournitfioerss oi caplr oegsrsb,u th asa lsgoi versnie t o somev ery difafnidfc aurl-tr anpgrionbmgls e.H encteh eg rowign intsetri ent hep hilohsiocpaaslp ecotfts h en aturaanldt ecnhical sciceen.s Theb roaidn tperertatoifot nhs et ruucrtoef m odersnc icee,no ft he speciwfaiysci n whiitcmsha ine ntdrisn te,rt ahceat nlaysoifsi ts generlawals ,o ft hes oucers, conidtnisoa ndp rospeocfti st s devemleontpf, oramc urci,am lany-spirodbeldme ,t ot hseo ultioofn whicSho vipehti lohsy-odpiatlielcca andh istolmr aitcearsim-a liis makinag d ierctc otnritbiuo. n tAh orouugnhd ernsdtigan oft hese queosntsi tiosd abye comgi naen ssteinaplr eerqutiesf ior the successfuolr giasnatoifos nc iteinfwiocr kis te,l ffort hec orrect selecatnidco onn ctertnaioonff orcoents h mea in seocfbt aosraisnc d aplpierdes ear.Tc hhust heeal boriaotn tohpfeh iolpohsilpc raobmlse ofc ontemaproynr atursacli enfcroetm h est andpoofid nita tlieccal matelriiasims aalcsqoui gin arne vegrr eearpt ractiicmaplto arcne. Asi ss howbnya nlaysoifts h pere setsn taotfte h nea tusrcailee ns,c them aitna siknt hifsi eilstd o w oroku tt hgee naelmr etholdoogical probmlseo ft hen atursacli enocnet sh eb aisso f vdeelopmoefn t materiadliiasltes ca tsti hce laongdti hce oorfyk nowlgee,id no ther wodrs,t oa pplMya rsxti-Leniindieaststo t hes olutoifot nh e philosopphriocbamllseo ft hnea tusrcailee ns.c Ind eagl inwitthhe sqeu estiSoovnisep th ilosoapnhden ratsu ral sciesnttbsia steh emseolnvt ehsei deoaf t hen eefdo arn a lliance betweenna tursaclit esintsa ndM arxipshti losotphhtae Lrensi n 7 proposeidnh isw ork" Ont heS ignificoafnM ciel itaMnatt erima"l is Int hiwso rk,c hartitnhge b asilci neosf d evelopmeonftM arxist philosopahnyds ettitnhget asktso b ea ccomplisihnet dh ep roceosfs forminag s ocialiidseto loLgeyn,i snp eakosf t hen eedf orp hilosophi cali nterpretaotfit ohnel ateascth ievemeonftn sa tursacli encaesa, n essentcioanld itfioornt hed efenacned d evelopmoefnt th ed ialectical materiawloirsltd -outlTohoiksi. s a tremendotuass kwh osea ccom plishmendte mandst hej oinetf fortosf naturaslc ientiasntds philosophers. ". .I.tm ustb er ealistehdan to natursacli enacned n o materialism canh oldi tosw n int hes trugglaeg aintshte o nslaugohftb ourgeois ideaasn dt her estoratoifot nh eb ourgeois world-uonultelsiosto k standosn s olipdh ilosophgircoauln dI.no rdetro h oldh iso wni nt his strugglaen dc arriytt oa v ictorifoiunsi sthh,en atursacli entmiussttb e a modernm aterialai scto,n scioaudsh erenotf them aterialism represenbtye Mda rx,i .e .,h em ustb ea dialectmiactaelr ialist."* Int heh alcfe ntutrhya hta sp assesdi ncteh ent hes peciffiocr mosf thiasl liahnacvee c hangedde pendionngt hed egreoefd evelopmeonft then aturaslc iencaensd thee xtentto which thpehiirl osophical problemhsa veb eene laboratBeudt.L enin'psr inciopflc eo ncord betweeMna rxipshti losophaenrdns a tursacli enthiassts st ootdh et est oft imea ndp roveidt vsi ability. Thisi sb ecausLee nin'psr incipdleer ivelso gicafllryo mt he materialtihsest c,i entaipfpirco atcohn aturaesa targoeftp hilosophi cali nquirfyr,o mt heM arxisutn derstanodfis ncgi enacned i tsso cial roleF.r omt heo utseMta rxipshti losopmhayd ea c leabnr eawki tthh e precepotfs naturpahli losopwhhyi,c hi nevitaibmlpyo sea priori conceptioonnt sh en atursacli encaensd l eatdo t hes ubstituotfia o n purelsyp eculataipvper oacfho rs pecifainca lysoifss pecifpirco b lemst,h es ubstituotfii omna ginacroyn nectifoonrts h osteh aatc tually exist".M odernm aterialiisse ms sentidailallye ctaincdn, o longer needsa nyp hilosopshtya ndianbgo vet heo thesrc iences.T"h*e* foundeorfss cientipfhiicl osophheyl dt hatth et asko fp hilosophy wast os tudtyh em ostg enerlaalw so fn aturseo,c ieatnyd t hought, andt oe volvaen i ntegratsecdi,e ntifiscuablsltya ntivaiteewod f t he world. Thisn otioonf t hes ubject-maotfts ecri entpihfiicl osopahnydi ts relationwsihtinhpa tursacli enwcaes d evelopbeydL eninH.e showed thaitn t hec onteoxftv igorosucsi entaidfviacn coef,t heb reak-oufp oldn otionpsr,i ncipalnedts h eoriaensdt hee mergenocfee ssentially newo nesi,n t hec onteoxfti ntensmiavteh ematisaotfti hoenn atural scienctehse,s ignificoafnt cheei nterconnebcettiwoene pnh ilosophy and then aturaslc iencefsa,r f romw eakeninigs,e normously * V I.L einnC,o lleWcotrkesdV, o .l3 3p,. 2 3.3 ** FrederEincgke, lA snti-DuMhorisncgo,,1w 975p,p .3 3-34. 8 enhcaen.dF rmo hmiast earliiisntt erpreotfHa etgi'eolswne ll-known propotsiioonn t hei detnitoyfd ialesc,lt oigcaincd t het heoorfy knowle,d Lgeenidnr ewt hec ocnlsuiotnh atth ep hlisoophli ca interpretoaftt hieao cn hievemoeftn htens a tursacli eensoc,f t he wholhei osrtyo fh umacno gnnit,ti eocnhologayn dm aterainadl spiritcuuallt, uo rfae ltlh pero cesosfes so cilai,lfi est hmea isno urce ofd evelopomfem natt eridailailsestc. Dt iiaccltesi,ci ni ttsu r,bn y reveaolnit nhgib sa stihsme o sgte nelraawlos fo bejctirveea larimtsy thes pelciiassecdi encesa gweintehrp ahlis loophimceatlh oodf cogniatnidot nr aonrsmftaioonfr eatly.i Lenisnh owed tihnatte rtahocefp t hiiolno saonpdh yn astcuireanlc e isa no bejctirveeq umiernefto trh dee velopmoefbn ott thh efsiee lds ofk nowle,dw gheiccha nb ef ulslayt isofnliyei dnt hef oromf a n allibanetcwee en Maprhlxisoiospth aenrdsn a tusrcailte inssD.ti alecti calm atiearslmi doenso tc laitmob ea blteo s olvteh es pceific probmlses tudbiyet dh es cienocfen sat u,rb euti td oedsev eloipn clsoec ontawcitt thh e.mN atursacli endcoeen so tu ndtearkteh e spelciiaspehdi losopihnivcegasatlti ioonf s ucqhu estioansts h e interorneslhaibtpeti weesnu bejcatn odb jcet,t heyoa rnpdr accet,ai nd yetw ithoau ptr incitphleeodr lea tniscwaers utcqohu esntsii oti s impsoisbtlofe i ntdh rei gahptp rotaoca hn ym ethooldogipcraolbm l e oft hiosrt hastc ieonrct eh eyo,tr os ynhtesitshaeec hieveomfet nhtes variosusc ienacnedbs u ialn de ws citeinfpiicc toufrt eh weo r.lT dhe esnsceeo fL en'isni deiasa c reatailvlei abnetcwee etnh eex ponents ofd ialelc mtaitcieaarliasnmd n atursaicle nsttisi ns ovlintgh e phliopshoilca andm ethodgoilcpoarlo bmlseo ft hnea tursacli ences andt huasd vangc biontshc ieanncdep hilos.o phy Allt hem ajoarc hievemoefn Stosiv etp hilosopihnte hriss field-atfhfei rmaotfti hoend ilaetciac-lmtaeriawloirsltd -outlook amongs ciesnttsai ndt ecnholossgti,t heicerr ativaen dp ractical cooperawtiitpohhn i slooph,et rhsseu ccessiengs e nesriagnlt ihleta est findionfgt sh en atursacli encest heae nndr ichmoefnm ta te rialdiisatl esc otnit chibsa s-irse sotn t hec ontseinsrtea lsitaion oft hep rinpclieosf t hea lliabnectew eneant ursaicle nsttiasn d phliosopheevorlsv ebdy L en.iW nhenevtehre sper ciinpsl weere violadtiefdfl itsci auersoet haitn hibtihtefe rdu itfulo fb wootrhk philsoophearnsdn atusricaeln tsi.Tsh tep regseto ifM arxist-Leninist phisloophaym onnga tursaicle nsttiasn d thceoilolrra iabtonw ith phliosophhearvsge ro wn tihnpe rocesosfa hards trugglaeg anist hostpilhileos ophilct aernsd,of o vercogmd iifnftieicsus,lho rtocmigns andm istsai,knt e hceo uero sfj ionetf fsot roat rrivaeta p hiolpohsilc a interpretoaftt hielo ant edisstcv oeireosf n atusrcailc een. Wec ans awyi th ceonncfteio ddatyh atth ael liabnecqeu eatthoe d usb yL eniinsf unctiowneil.nIl gti so ne tohfem aisno urcoefs developmoefnM tar xist-iLneinpshti sloophayn da n important condiotfipo rno egsrisn t hnea tuarnadl htneiclcs aciesn.c e 9
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