Philosophy in the Hellenistic and Roman worlds PDF
Preview Philosophy in the Hellenistic and Roman worlds
PHILOSOPHY IN THE HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN WORLDS PETER ADAMSON P H I L O S O P H Y I N T H E H E L L E N I S T I C A N D R O M A N W O R L D S a history of philosophy without any gaps volume 2 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OXDP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries #PeterAdamson Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin Impression: Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber: ISBN –––– PrintedinGreatBritainby ClaysLtd,StIvesplc LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. For my brother Glenn Adamson CONTENTS Preface xi Acknowledgements xvii ANoteonReferences xix Dates xxi Map xxv Part I. Hellenistic Philosophy . FightingoverSocrates—TheHellenisticSchools . BewareofthePhilosopher—TheCynics . InstantGratification—TheCyrenaics . TheConstantGardener—ThePrinciplesofEpicurus . AmIBothered?—EpicureanEthics . NothingtoFear—EpicureansonDeathandtheGods . ReapingtheHarvest—Lucretius . WalkingonEggshells—StoicLogic . Nobody’sPerfect—TheStoicsonKnowledge . WeDidn’tStarttheFire—TheStoicsonNature . LikeaRollingStone—StoicEthics . AngerManagement—Seneca . YouCanChainMyLeg—Epictetus . ThePhilosopherKing—MarcusAurelius . BeyondBelief—PyrrhoandSkepticism . TheKnow-NothingParty—TheSkepticalAcademy vii CONTENTS . RhetoricalQuestions—Cicero . HealthySkepticism—SextusEmpiricus . TheJoyofSects—AncientMedicineandPhilosophy . TheBestDoctorisaPhilosopher—Galen Part II. Pagan Philosophy in the Roman Empire . CaesarianSection—PhilosophyintheRomanEmpire . MiddleMen—ThePlatonicRevival . TotheLighthouse—PhiloofAlexandria . DelphicUtterances—Plutarch . LostandFound—AristotelianismafterAristotle . NotWritteninStone—AlexanderofAphrodisias . SilverTonguesinGoldenMouths—RhetoricandAncient Philosophy . SkyWriting—Astronomy,Astrology,andPhilosophy . AGodIsMyCo-Pilot—TheLifeandWorksofPlotinus . SimplicityItself—PlotinusontheOneandIntellect . OntheHorizon—PlotinusontheSoul . ADecoratedCorpse—PlotinusonMatterandEvil . KingofAnimals—Porphyry . PythagoreanTheorems—Iamblichus . DomesticGoddessesandPhilosopherQueens—TheHousehold andtheState . ThePlatonicSuccessor—Proclus . ATaleofTwoCities—TheLastPaganPhilosophers . ForaLimitedTimeOnly—JohnPhiloponus viii CONTENTS Part III. Christian Philosophy in the Roman Empire . FatherFigures—AncientChristianPhilosophy . PleaseAcceptourApologies—TheGreekChurchFathers . FallandRise—Origen . ThreeforthePriceofOne—TheCappadocians . NamingtheNameless—ThePseudo-Dionysius . DoubleorNothing—MaximustheConfessor . PracticeMakesPerfect—ChristianAsceticism . SpreadingtheWord—TheLatinChurchFathers . LifeandTime—Augustine’sConfessions . PapaDon’tTeach—AugustineonLanguage . HelpWanted—AugustineonFreedom . HeavenandEarth—Augustine’sCityofGod . Me,Myself,andI—AugustineonMindandMemory . BornAgain—LatinPlatonism . Fate,Hope,andClarity—Boethius Notes FurtherReading Index ix
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