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Philosophy Goes to School PDF

238 Pages·1988·14.787 MB·English
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F~hilosophy Gloes to School .d e vre s e r sth g ir llA .sse rP ytisre vin U e lp m e T .8 8 9 1 © th g iryp o C Lipman, Matthew. Philosophy Goes to School, Temple University Press, 1988. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=534265. Created from nyulibrary-ebooks on 2021-04-10 23:26:38. .d e vre se r sth g ir llA .sse rP ytisre vin U e lp m e T .8 8 9 1 © th g iryp o C Lipman, Matthew. Philosophy Goes to School, Temple University Press, 1988. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=534265. Created from nyulibrary-ebooks on 2021-04-10 23:26:38. Philosophy to School (~oes lMatthew Lipman i: .d e vre se r sth g ir llA .sse rP ytisre vin Iiffiil U Temple University Press elp I!I m Philadelphia e T .8 8 9 1 © th g iryp o C Lipman, Matthew. Philosophy Goes to School, Temple University Press, 1988. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=534265. Created from nyulibrary-ebooks on 2021-04-10 23:26:38. Temple University Press, Philadelphia 19122 Copyright © 1988 by Temple University. All rights reserved Published 1988 Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials ANSI Z39.48-1984 Library of Congress Cataloging-in· Publication Data Lipman, Matthew. Philosophy goes to school. .d e vre Bibliography: p. ser sthg I1n. cPluhdielso siondpehxy. -Study and teaching (Elementary) ir llA United States. I. Title. .sserP IBS5B2N.L 05-5897 72129-8583 7-307 2(a.8lk . paper8)7 -18071 ytisre vin U e lp m e T .8 8 9 1 © th g iryp o C Lipman, Matthew. Philosophy Goes to School, Temple University Press, 1988. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=534265. Created from nyulibrary-ebooks on 2021-04-10 23:26:38. Contents Preface vii I. Introduction 1. Remaking the Foundations 3 II. Philosophy in Education 2. Philosophical Practice and Educational Reform 11 3. The Role of Philosophy in Education for Thinking 29 4. Philosophy, Critical Thinking, and the Core of Common Culture 35 HI. Ethical Inquiry in the Schools 5. Education for Civic Values 47 .d e vre 6. Ethical Inquiry and the Craft of Moral Practice 73 se r sth g ir llA .sse ][V. The Impact on the Curriculum rP ytisre 7. Philosophy and Science Education at the vin Elementary School Level 87 U e lpm 8. Reasoning in Language at the Elementary School Level 100 e T .88 9. Social Inquiry at the Secondary School Level 109 9 1 © th 10. Thinking and Writing at the Secondary School Level 123 g iryp o C v Lipman, Matthew. Philosophy Goes to School, Temple University Press, 1988. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=534265. Created from nyulibrary-ebooks on 2021-04-10 23:26:38. vi Contents V. Reflections on Practice: Implications for Educational Reform 11. Constructing a Curriculum to Improve Thinking and Understanding 141 12. Preparing Teachers to Teach for Thinking 151 13. Twelve Sessions with Pixie in P.S. 87: A Classroom Log 160 14. Philosophy and Creativity 173 VI. Epilogue 15. The Philosophy of Childhood 191 Appendix: Applying Specific Reasoning Skills to Value Questions 199 No~s 219 Bibliography 223 Index 227 .d e vre se r sth g ir llA .sse rP ytisre vin U e lp m e T .8 8 9 1 © th g iryp o C Lipman, Matthew. Philosophy Goes to School, Temple University Press, 1988. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=534265. Created from nyulibrary-ebooks on 2021-04-10 23:26:38. Preface The trickle of philosophy into the schools is still tiny, but it is perceptible and growing steadily. Many educators concerned with improving the quality of children's thinking have become aware that philosophy is a living and reliable: educational option. The same is true of educators seeking elementary school humanities programs with which to enrich the skill-oriented curriculum typical of today's schools: philosophy offers children a chance to discuss those concepts, such as truth, that cut across all other disciplines but are openly examined by none. It provides a forum in which children can discover for themselves the relevance to their lives of the ideals that have shaped the lives of everyone. With every day that passes, the presence of philosophy in the schools is more accepted, more taken for granted, and the fact that it has hitherto been absent is what is found more and more to be astonishing. Accompanying the emergence of philosophy as an elementary school discipline has been a small parade of studies documenting the feasibil ity of engaging in philosophical inquiry with children-works such as Gareth B. Matthews's Philosophy and the Young Child and Dialogues with Children, Ronald F. Reed's Talking with Children, Michael S. Pritchard's .d Philosophical Adventures with Children, and Lipman and Sharp's Growing e vre Up with Philosophy. ser sthgir llA cscohnWovoehlr essnau tbitohjenec ftt,oo ct hutehst ~cs ehbnirftotrsaa dlf reworm oqr ukthe hseta ipso onbs esoeibfn i tlPhitehie ilspo rsoaofcp cthihcyie li dnor efth npe'sh Cipllohasisolsoprsohooypm ha,i scb ayal .sse Lipman, Sharp, and Oscanyan. On the one hand, this book has provided a rP ytisre bItyh eothreet icIanls rtiattuitoen afloer fotrh eth eA Pdhvialonscoepmheyn fto ro Cf hPilhdirloesno cpuhryr icfuolru mC hdielvderelonp eadt vin U Montclair State College. On the other hand, it has become a handbook e lpm for teachers seeking practical cues for guiding philosophical discussions, e T .8 I~ngaging in ethical inquiry with children, and helping children find more 8 9 meaning in their reading, listening, speaking, and writing. These are only 1 © th a few of the many difficult and complex issues with which Philosophy in g iryp o C vii Lipman, Matthew. Philosophy Goes to School, Temple University Press, 1988. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=534265. Created from nyulibrary-ebooks on 2021-04-10 23:26:38. viii Preface the Classroom attempts to deal but perforce must touch on rather lightly in its effort to be comprehensive. Some of these issues are of sufficient weight such that an amplified discussion of them cannot be too long postponed. Examples are the relationship of the teaching of philosophy to the improvement of thinking, the nature of a community of inquiry, and the educational significance of grade school philosophy. This book seeks to address the educational significance of grade school philosophy, although it occasionally may throw a sidelong glance at some of the other issues just mentioned. In doing so, it has sought a balance of generality and specificity. Part II of the book discusses the general question of the contribu tion of philosophy to elementary and secondary school education. Several flashbacks to Plato attempt to provide a historical perspective, and some references to the contemporary educational scene indicate where philos ophy is to be found in the spectrum of curricular offerings available to the present-day school administrator. Part III and Chapter 14 explore the contributions to education that may be expected from two particular branches of philosophy-ethics and aesthetics. The questions of creativity treated in Chapter 14 were among those most noticeably absent from Philosophy in the Classroom. The discussion here is hardly definitive but may be seen as an introduction to further exploration. The same is true of the remarks dealing with ethical and civic education. In Part IV, an effort is made to deal with particular subject areas at particular educational levels to illustrate how philosophy can be relevant in these respects. The subject areas are language arts, science, and social studies. Part V returns to the themes of educational practice and educational reform that had appeared in Chapter 1. It offers some reflections on .d e vre the significance that elementary school philosophy holds in store for ser sthg cinu rtrhiec uclluamss rdoeovme.l opment, teacher preparation, and teaching for thinking ir llA Several chapters appeared originally in other publications. The In .sse troduction was originally published in Federation Reports: The Jour rP ytisre n"Pahl iolofs othpeh iSctaalt eP Hraucmticaen itiaensd CEoduunccialtsi o5n,a ln oR. e5f o(rSme"p t.a-Oppcet.a, re1d9 8i2n) : Jo1u-r4 . vinU nal of Thought 20, no. 4 (Winter, 1985): 20-36 (with a response by e lp Kurt Baier, pp. 37-44). "The Role of Philosophy in Education for m eT Thinking" was part of the proceedings of Conference 85 on Criti .8 89 cal Thinking (April), published by Christopher Newport College, pp. 1 © 41-52. Though previously unpublished, "Education for Civic Values" th g iryp o C Lipman, Matthew. Philosophy Goes to School, Temple University Press, 1988. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=534265. Created from nyulibrary-ebooks on 2021-04-10 23:26:38. Preface ix was a position paper commissioned in 1981 by the New York State Department of Education. "Ethical Inquiry and the Craft of Moral Practice" appeared in the Journal of Moral Education, 16, no. 2 (May, 1987): 139-47, by permission of NFER-NELSON, Windsor, Eng land. Chapters 7 through 10 have served as introductions to instructional manuals in the Philosophy for Children curriculum. Chapter 11 originally appeared in CT News 5, no. 3/4 (Jan.-Feb., 1987): 1,5-7. Chapter 12 was published originally in Philosophy Today 31, no. 1/4 (Spring, 1987): 90-96, and a portion of Chapter 13 was published in Analytic Teach ing 3, no. 1 (Nov.-Dec., 1982): 19-25. Chapter Fifteen (the Epilogue) is taken from Thinking: The Journal of Philosophy for Children 2, nos. 3-4, pp. 4-7. A portion of the Appendix appeared originally in National Fo rum 65, no. 1 (Winter, 1985): 22-23. Reprinted with permission from National Forum, "Critical Thinking," Winter 1985. .d e vre se r sth g ir llA .sse rP ytisre vin U e lp m e T .8 8 9 1 © th g iryp o C Lipman, Matthew. Philosophy Goes to School, Temple University Press, 1988. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=534265. Created from nyulibrary-ebooks on 2021-04-10 23:26:38. .d e vre se r sth g ir llA .sse rP ytisre vin U e lp m e T .8 8 9 1 © th g iryp o C Lipman, Matthew. Philosophy Goes to School, Temple University Press, 1988. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nyulibrary-ebooks/detail.action?docID=534265. Created from nyulibrary-ebooks on 2021-04-10 23:26:38.

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